waste management-envs (1)
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SOLID WASTEMANAGEMENTBy:
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CONTENTS Introduction
Types and description
Key aspectsModern waste management systems
Recommendation
Conclusion
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WHAT IS WASTE..? Waste (also known as rubbish, trash, refuse, garbage,
orjunk) is unwanted or unusable materials.
According to United Nations Statistics Division(UNSD) it isdefined as
"Wastes are materials that are not prime products (thatis products produced for the market) for which the
generator has no further use in terms of his/her own
purposes of production, transformation or
consumption, and of which he/she wants to dispose.
Wastes may be generated during the extraction of raw
materials, the processing of raw materials into
intermediate and final products, the consumption of
final products, and other human activities. Residuals
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TYPES:Municipal Solid Waste(MSW)
Construction Waste Industrial Waste
Medical Waste
Hazardous Waste (Radioactive , Electronic)
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Construction waste consists of unwantedmaterial produced directly or incidentally bythe construction or industries . This includes
building materials such as Insulation,nails, electrical wiring, and rebar, as well as
waste originating from site preparation such
as dredging materials, tree stumps,and rubble.
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INDUSTRIAL WASTEAny liquid, gaseous, or solid waste resulting fromany process of industry, manufacturing, trade, or
business or from the development of any naturalresource.
Sources of industrial waste are:
Chemical industriesMetal and Mineral processing
industriesNuclear power plants
Thermal power plants
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Hazardous Waste
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KEY ASPECTS OF WASTE MANAGEMENTWaste disposal
Waste processing
Waste recyclingWaste minimization
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disposal processing
recycling minimization
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WASTE DISPOSAL Land filling
Composting
Incineration Anaerobic digestion
Mechanical biological treatment
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Land Filling
Incineration Composting
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Machines compact the clayto meet required densityand depth.
Looking right to left we find thebottom clay liner, the top doublesynthetic liner, and then gravelbeing applied by bulldozers.
Landfills
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PREVENTING GROUND WATER POLLUTIONIN A LANDFILLAn adequate liningsystem is a necessarycomponent for any
landfill. The liner isdesigned as abarrierto intercept leachateand direct it to a
collection system topreventcontamination oflocal groundwater.
Liner
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CONCERNS OVER INCINERATION
Incineration recovers
energy that wouldotherwise be lost
Requires less land
Reduces odor but
Emits dangerouscancer causingcompounds called
dioxins
Does the Fume
ContainDioxins?
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Anaerobic Digestion
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Mechanical
biological
treatment
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MODERN WASTE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
These three Rs saves money, energy , raw materials, land spaceand reduces pollution.
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REDUCE:
Reduction in use of raw materials will correspondingly decreasethe production of waste.
Reduced demand for any metallic product will decrease themining of their metal and cause less production of waste.
REUSE:
The refillable containers which are discarded after use
can be reused.Making rubber rings from the discarded cycle tubes whi
are used by the newspaper vendors , instead of rubber
bands, reduces the waste generation during
manufacturing of rubber bands.
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Recycling is the breaking down of materialsfrom waste streams into raw materials,
which are then reprocessed either into thesame material (closed loop) or a new product
(open loop), generally including wasteseparation and material reprocessing.
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recommendation
Keeping yards free of rubbish.Securing rubbish bins against scavenging dogs, rats
and other animals.Not illegally dumping waste, especially hazardous
and toxic waste.Dont dump your cell phone, recycle it.Educate people about effects and its prevention.
Take part in community awareness campaigns.Segregate household wasteWaste of one could be input or raw material for others
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conclusion
Think Globally Act Locally
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