warm-up: explain the differences between global warming and ozone depletion
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Warm-up:Warm-up:
Explain the differences Explain the differences between global warming between global warming and ozone depletion. and ozone depletion.
What is the difference between global What is the difference between global warming and ozone depletion?warming and ozone depletion?
Global warmingGlobal warming Ozone depletionOzone depletion
Two completely Two completely different issuesdifferent issues
• Warming of the EarthWarming of the Earth• Caused by greenhouse gasesCaused by greenhouse gases• Results from burning fossil Results from burning fossil
fuels and deforestationfuels and deforestation
• Break down of ozone (OBreak down of ozone (O33))•Caused by CFCs (man-made Caused by CFCs (man-made pollutants)pollutants)• Increased UV radiationIncreased UV radiation
Global Warming
How much controversy is there in the scientific community How much controversy is there in the scientific community regarding global warming and climate change?regarding global warming and climate change?
Survey of 928 papers on global climate change published in Survey of 928 papers on global climate change published in peer-reviewed scientific journals peer-reviewed scientific journals between 1993 and 2003between 1993 and 2003
75%75%
25%25%
0%0%
What’s the
scientific consensus on global climate change?
What’s the
scientific consensus on global climate change?
agreed that humans
are causing the earth’s climate to warm up.
Studying other climate data (no position)
What percentage
of the studies
DISAGREED with
human- caused global
warming?
What percentage
of the studies
DISAGREED with
human- caused global
warming?
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/306/5702/1686.full
Among the scientists who are experts Among the scientists who are experts specializing in climatologyspecializing in climatology::
96%96% 97%97%
76 out of 79 76 out of 79 climate climate
scientists scientists agreed that agreed that the earth is the earth is
warming. warming.
75 out of 77 75 out of 77 agreed that agreed that humans are humans are responsible responsible for the change for the change in climate.in climate.
100%100%
http://tigger.uic.edu/~pdoran/012009_Doran_final.pdf
Global Warming
• Causes – – “Greenhouse gases” collect in the atmosphere and trap
the heat from the sun in the Earth’s atmosphere
– The #1 Greenhouse Gas = Carbon dioxide builds up from:
• Burning fossil fuels• Emissions from cars and factories• Deforestation (cutting down trees)
Greenhouse Greenhouse gasgas
Human ActivityHuman Activity
Carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide
MethaneMethane
Nitrous oxideNitrous oxide
COCO22
CHCH44
NN22OO
Fossil fuels; Burning anything; Power plants; Deforestation
Fossil fuels; farming (cows); landfills; sewage; decomposition
Fertilizers; Factories(20x better at trapping heat than CO2)
Global Warming
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/co2_human.html co2_human.html
Global Warming
Global Warming
Notice the date for China’s
data.
Notice the date for China’s
data.
Global Warming
Global Warming
In 2007, China In 2007, China surpassed the United surpassed the United States in greenhouse States in greenhouse gas emissions, gas emissions, although the US still is although the US still is #1 per capita.#1 per capita.
Scientists estimate Scientists estimate that China will double that China will double its greenhouse gas its greenhouse gas production in the next production in the next 20 years.20 years.
http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,611818,00.html
Global Warming
Free methane goes into the
atmosphere and causes more
warming
Free methane goes into the
atmosphere and causes more
warming
Warming melts ice and releases
the methane bubbles frozen in
the arctic permafrost
Warming melts ice and releases
the methane bubbles frozen in
the arctic permafrost
Holy Holy methane!methane!
Global Warming
What are possible effects of global What are possible effects of global warming?warming?
• Rise in TemperatureRise in Temperature• Melting of ice-capsMelting of ice-caps• Rise in sea levelRise in sea level• Large-scale climate changeLarge-scale climate change• Destruction of ecosystemsDestruction of ecosystems• Spread of malaria from tropicsSpread of malaria from tropics• Increase in number and severity Increase in number and severity
of hurricanesof hurricanes• Changes in ocean currentsChanges in ocean currents• New ice age?New ice age?
Global Warming
http://www.economist.com/blogs/dailychart/2010/12/climate_change
Of the Of the hottest hottest
12 years 12 years on on
recordrecord, , 10 of 10 of them them
were in were in the last the last decade!decade!
Global Warming
Temperature over last 1,000 yearsTemperature over last 1,000 years
Is this an average Is this an average temperature temperature fluctuation?fluctuation?
Global Warming
COCO22 and temperature The last 600,000 years and temperature The last 600,000 years
Does temperature data correlate to Does temperature data correlate to atmospheric COatmospheric CO22 levels? levels?
Is this a Is this a normal level normal level of carbon of carbon dioxide?dioxide?
Global Warming
Major findings of the Major findings of the International Panel on International Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC 2001)Climate Change (IPCC 2001)• The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has increased
by 31% since 1750.
• The current CO2 concentration is at the highest level in the last 420,000 years.
• Atmospheric CO2 is increasing at a faster rate today than at any time over the past 20,000 years.
• The current concentration of methane (CH4) is at its highest level in the last 420,000 years.
How can we possibly know How can we possibly know what the temperature and what the temperature and
atmosphere were like atmosphere were like thousands of years ago?thousands of years ago?
Global Warming
The answer lies in the glacial ice of…The answer lies in the glacial ice of…
Antarctica!
Antarctica!
Why is Antarctica the only place where we can find Why is Antarctica the only place where we can find out about the climate 400,000 years ago?out about the climate 400,000 years ago?
Global Warming
Coral BleachingCoral Bleaching
BeforeBefore AfterAfter
Global Warming
Global Warming
How much carbon is How much carbon is storedstored in the forests of the world? in the forests of the world?
What happens as these areas become cleared?What happens as these areas become cleared?
http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/earth20110531_prt.htm earth20110531_prt.htm
Global Warming
Living thingsLiving things
Where else is carbon Where else is carbon storedstored on Earth? on Earth?
On the sea floorOn the sea floor
Fossil fuels undergroundFossil fuels underground
How is this carbon released How is this carbon released into the atmosphere?into the atmosphere?
Global Warming
Rising coastal sea Rising coastal sea levels would result levels would result from an increase in from an increase in
melted ice melted ice
Global Warming
Global Warming
19411941 20042004
Muir Glacier: Glacier National Park, AlaskaMuir Glacier: Glacier National Park, Alaska
Global Warming
Global Warming
San Francisco San Francisco Bay AreaBay Area
After a 20 After a 20 foot rise in foot rise in sea levelsea level
http://visions2200.com/EnvironmentSeasRising.html
Global Warming
LouisianaLouisiana
After a 20 foot rise in sea levelAfter a 20 foot rise in sea level
Global Warming
FloridaFlorida
After a 20 foot rise in After a 20 foot rise in sea levelsea level
Global Warming
Click to view the effects of sea level
rise in our area.
Global Warming
SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONS
• Conservation – changing bad habits - Sustainable living (Ecological Footprint & Green Home Project)
• New Technologies – (Energy Fix Activity)• Alternative Energy Sources• Carbon Capture & Storage• Fuel Efficient Cars:
www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/best-worst.shtml
Global Warming
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