warm up: ancient rome and early christianity, 500 bce … up: complete sentences why was ......
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9/5/2014
1
Warm Up: Complete
Sentences
Why was Socrates thought of by Athenians
to have “corrupted their youth”?
What two things did Plato contribute
Greece?
Who was Aristotle’s student?
Who was finally able to conquer Greece?
What is the Hellenistic Culture?
Time to get Creative
• Fold your paper so that you have six
squares.
• In each square draw, design, then color
something that represents Greece. You
CANNOT use any words.
• On the back of the paper in each square,
label and specifically explain what each
picture on the front represents.
• Examples: Greece, Pheidippidies, Phalanx,
etcetera.
Warm up:
What Makes a Successful
Leader?
• In bullet point format list what you think
makes a successful leader. Do they have to
be likable? How do you measure their
leadership-the results they produce or their
integrity?
Ancient Rome and
Early Christianity,
500 BCE-500 CE
Chapter 6
The Great Myth
Romulus and Remus
Twins of the God Mars
and Latin Princess
Abandoned near Tiber
River
Raised by a she-wolf
Built city near that spot
Origins of Rome
Geography
Seven rolling hills at a curve
of the Tiber River
Center of Italian Peninsula
Center of Mediterranean
Sea
First Romans
Latin’s
Rome: Cluster of little
huts
Etruscans
Northern Italy: Metal
workers and engineers
Greeks
Southern Italy and Sicily
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2
Monarchy to a RepublicKing’s Rule
Etruscan King in 600BCE
The Forum
Heart of Roman political life
Architecture
Much like that of Greece
Tarquin the Proud
Harsh Tyrant
Driven out in 509BCE
The Republic
Power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leader
Power Struggle
Patricians: Wealthy landowners/most political
Plebeians: Common farmers/merchants
Twelve Tables/Tablets
Problem: Patricians were
interpreting the law to benefit
themselves
Plebeians force the creation of
a Written Code of Law
Hung in the Forum
Free citizens have the right to
protection under law
Became basis for later Roman
law
Roman Republic GovernmentCombined three different political structures from Greece
Monarchy, Aristocracy and Democracy
Consuls
Served once every 10 years
Ran the army
Senate
Had 300 members
Legislative and administrative functions
Upper class chooses
Assembly
Free citizens
Elect the Consuls
Make laws (Plebeians, then for Republic)
Dictator
During times of crisis
Absolute power
6 months of rule
Warm Up: In Complete
Sentences• What were the three different political
structures that the Roman Republic combined?
• According to the “Great Myth” who founded
Rome?
• Who were the Patricians?
• Who were the Plebeians?
• What was the purpose of the Twelve Tables?
• What were the four different branches of
government?
The Roman Army
All citizens that owned land were required to serve in the military
Wanted to hold office, 10 years of service
Legions
5,000 heavily armed foot soldiers (infantry)
Soldiers on horseback supported each legion (cavalry)
Organized and skilled
Spreading Roman Power
Romans conquer the entire Italian Peninsula
Full citizens: Latin's on the Tiber
A little further out: citizens without a vote
All others: Allies of Rome as long as troops were supplied
Punic Wars (Rome Vs. Carthage)
1st-Control of Sicily and west Mediterranean
2nd-Hannibal avenging previous defeat
3rd-Rome laid siege to Carthage. City ablaze/50,000 sold slavery
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3
The Republic Collapses
Economic turmoil
Rich vs Poor
Rich landowner/large estates
Slaves were 1/3 the population
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
Tribunes that tried to help the poor
Limiting the size of estates
Giving land to the poor
Violent deaths
Civil War
Generals begin seizing greater power
Soldiers
Recruited landless poor and promised them land
fought for pay
allegiance to the commanders only
Julius Caesar
Elected to consul in 59BCE
Triumvirate: A group of three leaders
• Crassus: wealthy Roman
• Pompey: popular general
• Caesar: military leader
Conquers Gaul (France) and appoints himself governor
Senate orders him home
Caesar vs Pompey
46BCE named dictator
Long Live Caesar
Strong leader and military genius
Returned home a Hero
44BCE Dictator for Life
• Absolute Power
• Public Works Projects
• creating jobs
• Military Perks
• colonies where people without land could own property
• increase soldier pay
Senate fears his power, success and popularity
Assassinated in senate chamber 44BCE
Brutus “Et tu Brute?”
Warm Up: In Complete
Sentences1. How were the different area’s of the Italian Peninsula
people classified? Think citizenship.
2. What was the cause of the second Punic War?
3. What was a cause of the first civil war?
4. What is it called when three different people rule?
5. Who became dictator for life?
6. What did this dictator for life do for the Republic?
7. What are the two reasons the Republic finally fall?
Beginnings of an Empire
2nd Civil War
Destroyed remaining Republic
2nd Triumvirate
Octavian: Caesar’s grandnephew
Marc Antony: Experienced general
Lepidus: Powerful politician
Marc Antony in Anatolia
Cleopatra: Love at first sight
Octavian: Jealous
3rd Civil War
Marc Antony vs Octavian
Octavian (Augustus) and Pax
RomanaOctavian (Augustus) 27BCE-14BCE
• Unchallenged ruler
• 1st Emperor
• Augustus
• Means “Exalted One”
Pax Romana
207 years of peace throughout the empire
Efficient/Sound Government
Civil Service: Paid workers to manage government affairs
Law: Functioning Senate, Civil Servants were Plebeians and former slaves
Agriculture/Trade
Denarius: Silver Coin
Roads for trade networking
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4
The Roman WorldGravitas
Discipline, Strength and Loyalty
City Life
Crowed and noisy
All walks of life
Slaves
Important to economy
God/Goddesses
Similar to Greeks
Society
Rich
Lived in Villas
Poor
Poor lived in tenements
Government Assistance
Daily rations of grain
Entertainment: games, races, battle, gladiators
Holidays:150 a year
Warm Up: Socratic Circle
Preparation
❖ Get out your questions/statements from last
night and review them quietly to yourself.
Make sure that you are prepared to discuss
these questions/statements. They will be
handed in at the end of the period.
Socratic Circle
Rules:❖ This is students talking to students about content activity. Do not ask Ms. A. for
clarification or opinion. This is to benefit you.
❖ This activity will be graded. Ms. A. will be grading you as well as your peers.
❖ Some things to keep in mind:
❖ Taking a position on a question: Taking a viewpoint, opinion, stance, outlook, or
perspective.
❖ Clarifying question: A question that results in information being made more clear
❖ Making an analogy: Making a comparison between two things, ie. Greece and
United States democracy.
❖ Recognizing contradictions: A statement that associates ideas that are not
compatible, mismatch, disagreement, inconsistency, etcetera.
❖ Irrelevant Comments: A comment that has nothing to do with the topic at hand,
off subject, unrelated, unconnected to subject.
Warm up: In complete sentences
1. Who was Octavian?
2. Why did Octavian battle Marc Antony?
3. Where did the poor live?
4. Why was it dangerous where they lived?
5. What did the rich do to make the poor forget
about their situation?
Out with Jupiter in with
Jesus
The Rise of Christianity
All Eyes on JudeaRome conquers Judea
Jewish state
Asia/Middle East
Modern West Bank/Israel
Province of Rome
Independent in name
Judaism tolerated
Savior will set them free
Jesus of Nazareth
Carpenter
Baptized Jewish
Religious Teacher
Salvation for all
All equal: Reward in afterlife
Prophet/Messiah
Blasphemer: Liar/False Prophet
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Jesus visits JerusalemEthical Teachings
Monotheistic
Personal Relationship with God
Love
Charity
Humility
Salvation
Repent: Ask for forgiveness of sins
Conducts sermons and miracles throughout Roman Empire
Gains followers and believers
Romans and Jewish Chiefs fear his popularity
Jewish High Priest believes Jesus is Blasphemous
Want him stopped
One of you will Betray Me...
Trial and Crucifixion of
“The King of the Jews”Pontius Pilate
Jesus arrested and questioned
Ultimatum Given
Barrabas or Jesus
Washed his hands of it
Crucified
Crucifixion
Save yourself
Mocking
“King of the Jews”
“Only My Father can Save Me”
Did I make a come back??
Jesus’ Death and the Spread
of ChristianityJesus’ Death
Thunderstorm
Jesus is buried
Grave opened on third day
Increases followersTeaching Spreads
12 Apostles
Peter
Paul
Writes several books in New Testament
ChristianityHebrew=Messiah
Greek for Messiah=Christos
Reasons for Spread
Embraced all people
Hope to powerlessPersonal relationship with God
Promised eternal life after death
Garden Parties
9/5/2014
6
Warm Up:
1. What is Judea? (To the Romans?)
2. Name at least three reasons why Jesus’
teachings were so appealing to the people.
3. Who washed his hands of the decision to
crucify Jesus?
4. How did Christianity spread through the
empire?
5. Would you be willing to die for something you
believed in?
Warm Up:
1. Who helped influence the Romans and their
arch?
2. Who was Claudius?
3. Who was blamed for the fires of 64?
4. Who actually is believed to have started the
fires?
5. What is an aqueduct?
6. What football team beat the Seattle
Seahawks this weekend?
Rebellion and Persecution
Jewish rebellions
Wanted freedom from Romans
Revolted
Burn down their synagogue
❖ Western Wall
Diaspora
Jews settle elsewhere in Europe
Martyrs
People who die for their cause of beliefs
Christians at this time
I had a Dream....
Constantine
312 CE: Fighting for leadership of Rome
313 CE: End of the persecution of Christians
Religion approved by Emperor
Theodosius
380 CE: Official Religion
An Empire under One God
A Century of CrisisPax Romana Ends
Marcus Aurelius (161-180CE)Rulers that followed had know idea how to deal with the giant empire/problems
Rome’s Economy WeakensPirates and hostile tribes disrupted tradeReached the expansion limitRaised taxes/InflationOver worked soil-loss of fertility/war destroying farmland❖ Food Shortages and disease
Military/Political ProblemsLoyalty❖ Military❖ Citizens
Another Attempt at ReformDiocletian 284 CE
Strong willed army leaderIron Fist/Limited FreedomsRestored order and increased strengthFixed prices of goods to control inflationDivision of Empire❖ Greek speaking East: Great cities
and trade centers❖ Latin speaking West305 CE: Retired and civil war
Constantine324 CE: Single RulerMoved capital from Rome to Byzantium (Modern Turkey) middle of EmpireRenamed Constantinople and modeled Rome
9/5/2014
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Warm Up:
1. Name three things that Constantine did for
the empire.
2. Who declared Christianity the official religion
of the empire?
3. How did Diocletian improve the empire?
4. What were the reasons that Rome’s economy
weakened?
Western Empire Crumbles
Germanic InvasionsGermanic peoples gathered on Northern borders of Empire since Caesar in peace370CE: Mongol nomads/Huns destroying everything in their path
Germanic fled into Roman provinces
“Barbarians”-non-Romans
Unable to stop them
Attila the Hun
444CE united Huns for the first time
Direct threat-plundering cities
Failed to scale Constantinople walls
452CE advanced against Rome
❖ Disease and famine
Empire No More
Romulus AugustulusLast Roman Emperor14 year old boyOusted by German forces in 476 CE
Western Empire DisappearsNo emperor to rule Rome or its western provinces
Byzantine EmpireEastern half of EmpirePreserved both Greek and Roman cultures for another 1,000 years
Legacy of Greco-Roman CultureRome’s ability to govern/rule
Citizenship, technology, involvement, and territory
Greek Influence
Art, philosophy, literature, and architecture
Greco-Roman Culture
Roman presence still felt
❖ Latin Language❖ Romance Languages: French, Spanish,
Portuguese, Italian and Romanian❖ Master Builders
❖ Architecture, aqueducts, practicality
❖ Roman Law
❖ Basis of United States legal system
❖ All persons have the right to equal treatment under law
❖ Innocent until proven guilty❖ Punished for actions, not thoughts
❖ Rome achieves immortality
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