warm up 12-02 why do your cells need to transport “stuff”? what would be some things they would...

Warm Up 12-02Warm Up 12-02

Why do your cells need to transport Why do your cells need to transport “stuff”? What would be some things they “stuff”? What would be some things they would transport?would transport?

Today:Today:Discuss diffusion and concentration gradientsDiscuss diffusion and concentration gradientsHow osmosis functionsHow osmosis functions

Warm UP 12-3Warm UP 12-3

Explain how diffusion works, including the Explain how diffusion works, including the concentrations needed for the substance concentrations needed for the substance to moveto move

Today:Today:Begin egg labBegin egg labSolutions (hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic)Solutions (hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic)

Homeostasis and Cell Homeostasis and Cell TransportTransport

Chapter 5Chapter 5

DiffusionDiffusion – – the net movement of particles from an area the net movement of particles from an area

of higher concentration to an area of lower of higher concentration to an area of lower concentrationconcentration

Occurs because of the kinetic energy in Occurs because of the kinetic energy in molecules (random movement)molecules (random movement)

DEMODEMODiffusion in WaterDiffusion in Water

EX: EX: Food dye slowly diffuses b/c of the Food dye slowly diffuses b/c of the movement of the water molecules and the movement of the water molecules and the dye particlesdye particles

Diffusion in airDiffusion in airEX: EX: The odor molecules bounce against The odor molecules bounce against

each other and the gas molecules in the air each other and the gas molecules in the air and slowly diffuse into the classroom.and slowly diffuse into the classroom.

Concentration GradientConcentration Gradient – – difference in concentration of molecules difference in concentration of molecules

across a distanceacross a distanceDynamic Equilibrium Dynamic Equilibrium – –

the condition in which there is continuous the condition in which there is continuous movement but no overall changemovement but no overall change

This means there no longer is a This means there no longer is a concentration gradient concentration gradient there is no “high” and no “low” – everything is there is no “high” and no “low” – everything is

equalequal

OsmosisOsmosis – – the diffusion of water molecules through a the diffusion of water molecules through a

selectively permeable membraneselectively permeable membraneDiffusion of water goes from Diffusion of water goes from high high

concentration to lower concentrationconcentration to lower concentration http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sdiJtDRJQEc&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sdiJtDRJQEc&feature=related

DrawDraw

Which way will the water move?Which way will the water move?

Solution Sucrose = 75%Water = 25%

CellSucrose = 25%Water = 75%

Solution Sucrose = 35%Water = 65%

CellSucrose = 65%Water = 35%

Where will the water move?Where will the water move?

What will happen?What will happen?

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.goldiesroom.org/Multimedia/Bio_Images/www.goldiesroom.org/Multimedia/Bio_Images/06%2520Transport/06%2520Transport/06%2520Osmosis.jpg&imgrefurl=http://06%2520Osmosis.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.goldiesroom.org/Note%2520Packets/www.goldiesroom.org/Note%2520Packets/06%2520Transport/00%2520Transport--06%2520Transport/00%2520Transport--WHOLE.htm&usg=___jLC2fuTVg2WoENLx6stGWHOLE.htm&usg=___jLC2fuTVg2WoENLx6stGwDLC28=&h=296&w=590&sz=32&hl=en&start=wDLC28=&h=296&w=590&sz=32&hl=en&start=19&um=1&tbnid=so3zloAhuKV4nM:&tbnh=68&t19&um=1&tbnid=so3zloAhuKV4nM:&tbnh=68&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dosmosisbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dosmosis%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26sa%3DN%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1%26um%3D1

Reverse OsmosisReverse Osmosis

12-412-4

What is an hypotonic solution? What What is an hypotonic solution? What happens to the movement of molecule in happens to the movement of molecule in an hypotonic solution?an hypotonic solution?

Then hand in your warm upsThen hand in your warm upsToday:Today:

Continue with the Egg lab (get out your lab Continue with the Egg lab (get out your lab sheet)sheet)

Discuss turgor pressure, plasmolysis, Discuss turgor pressure, plasmolysis, hypertonic solutionshypertonic solutions

Solution – Solution – Homogeneous mixture (a uniform mixture) of two or Homogeneous mixture (a uniform mixture) of two or

more substancesmore substances Example:Example:

Salt and WaterSalt and Water

Solute:Solute: Substance that is dissolved in another substanceSubstance that is dissolved in another substance

Solvent:Solvent: Thing that the solute is dissolved inThing that the solute is dissolved in

What is the most common solvent?What is the most common solvent? WaterWater

Biology Warm Up 12-07Biology Warm Up 12-07

Describe why water leaves the cell in a Describe why water leaves the cell in a hypertonic solution.hypertonic solution.

Today:Today:Continue with the labContinue with the labWorksheetWorksheet

Warm Up 12-08Warm Up 12-08

Draw a graphic organizer for hypotonic, Draw a graphic organizer for hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solutions. Tell me hypertonic and isotonic solutions. Tell me which way the water moves for each and which way the water moves for each and what happens to the cellwhat happens to the cell

Today:Today:We will finish our egg lab todayWe will finish our egg lab todayTake notes on turgor pressure and Take notes on turgor pressure and

plasmolysisplasmolysis

Bio Warm Up 12-10Bio Warm Up 12-10 Get out a clean piece of paper you can turn Get out a clean piece of paper you can turn

inin QuestionsQuestions::

1.1. What is osmosis?What is osmosis?

2.2. What is a hypertonic solution? What What is a hypertonic solution? What happens to the cell in this type of solution?happens to the cell in this type of solution?

3.3. What is a hypotonic solution? What What is a hypotonic solution? What happens to the cell in this type of solution?happens to the cell in this type of solution?

Isotonic SolutionIsotonic Solution – –a solution in which the concentration of a solution in which the concentration of

solutes outside the cell (ex: salts) is the solutes outside the cell (ex: salts) is the same as the concentration of solutes same as the concentration of solutes inside the cellinside the cell

Would osmosis occur in this situation?Would osmosis occur in this situation?No, because there is no concentration No, because there is no concentration

gradient (no net movement)gradient (no net movement)

Hypotonic SolutionHypotonic Solution – – solution in which the concentration of solutes (ex - solution in which the concentration of solutes (ex -

salts) is LOWER than the solute concentration inside salts) is LOWER than the solute concentration inside the cellthe cell

Which way will the water move? Which way will the water move? into the cell into the cell cell will swell / burst cell will swell / burst

If we put Elodea leaves in a hypotonic solution, If we put Elodea leaves in a hypotonic solution, what happens? what happens? Water will move into the cell to dilute the salts – this Water will move into the cell to dilute the salts – this

causes the cell to swellcauses the cell to swell

Turgor PressureTurgor Pressure – –the pressure that exists inside a cell the pressure that exists inside a cell

caused by watercaused by waterHigh turgor pressure can cause animal cells High turgor pressure can cause animal cells

to burst. Why?to burst. Why?They They do not have a cell wall.do not have a cell wall.

What would happen if there is low turgor What would happen if there is low turgor pressure in plants?pressure in plants?Causes them to wiltCauses them to wiltThen you water the plant and it will regain the Then you water the plant and it will regain the

pressure and stand up straight pressure and stand up straight

Hypertonic SolutionHypertonic Solution – – solution in which the concentration of solute (ex salt) solution in which the concentration of solute (ex salt)

is higher outside than the concentration inside the cellis higher outside than the concentration inside the cell

Which direction will the water move?Which direction will the water move?Out of the cellOut of the cell

What will happen to an Elodea Leaf in a What will happen to an Elodea Leaf in a hypertonic solution?hypertonic solution? Water will leave the cellWater will leave the cell Plasmolysis – Plasmolysis –

Water will leaves the cell, and result in shriveling of the cellWater will leaves the cell, and result in shriveling of the cell

Warm Up 12-11Warm Up 12-11

What is plasmolysis? What would happen What is plasmolysis? What would happen to the plant cell? What is turgor pressure? to the plant cell? What is turgor pressure? What happens to the plant if there is low What happens to the plant if there is low turgor pressure? High turgor pressure?turgor pressure? High turgor pressure?

Today:Today:Discuss plasmolysis and turgor pressure Discuss plasmolysis and turgor pressure View the effects of a hypo / hypertonic View the effects of a hypo / hypertonic

solution on Elodea leavessolution on Elodea leaves

Summary of Hypo/Hypertonic solution Summary of Hypo/Hypertonic solution changes on a RBC.changes on a RBC.

Biology Warm ATB 12-14Biology Warm ATB 12-14

What is the function of the contractile vacuole? What is the function of the contractile vacuole? Why do some cells need them?Why do some cells need them?

Today:Today: Turn in egg lab! Turn in egg lab!

11st pagest page - Rubric - Rubric 22ndnd page – lab write up page – lab write up 33rdrd page – graph page – graph 44thth page – lab direction sheet page – lab direction sheet

Assignment – read pages 97-102Assignment – read pages 97-102 Do Questions #1-8Do Questions #1-8 Turn in when doneTurn in when done

ATB 12-15ATB 12-15

What would happen to a grape placed in What would happen to a grape placed in highly concentrated sugar water? Why highly concentrated sugar water? Why would this happen?would this happen?

This Week:This Week:Test Friday!Test Friday!

Today:Today:Selective permeabilitySelective permeabilityActive transportActive transport

ReviewReview If the cell shrinks, it is in what type of solution?If the cell shrinks, it is in what type of solution? If the cell is at equilibrium with it’s If the cell is at equilibrium with it’s

environment, its in what type of solution?environment, its in what type of solution? If the cell swells, it’s in what type of solution?If the cell swells, it’s in what type of solution?

Water –90%

Salt – 10%

Water 95%

Salt 5%

Water 50%

Salt 50%

Water 50%

Salt 50%

Water 64%

Salt 36%

Water 44%

Salt 56%

Contractile VacuolesContractile Vacuoles – – Organelle that excretes excess water Organelle that excretes excess water

from cellsfrom cellsUses energyUses energyUsually found in unicellular freshwater Usually found in unicellular freshwater

organisms.organisms.This prevents them from bursting in a This prevents them from bursting in a

hypotonic solution.hypotonic solution.

Contractile vacuoleContractile vacuole

PlasmolysisPlasmolysis – –loss of turgor pressure in plant cell loss of turgor pressure in plant cell

due to loss of waterdue to loss of waterWhat happens to a plant during What happens to a plant during

plasmolysis? plasmolysis? The plant wiltsThe plant wiltsThe plants plasma membrane and cytoplasm The plants plasma membrane and cytoplasm

will shrink away from the cell wallwill shrink away from the cell wall

Egg Lab ReportEgg Lab Report

GraphGraph Must be coloredMust be colored Graph your starting Graph your starting

mass and then use mass and then use your final mass datayour final mass datawhich is in bluewhich is in blue

Add a column to you data table:Add a column to you data table: ““Percent Change in Mass”Percent Change in Mass”

((Initial Mass – Final Mass) / Initial ((Initial Mass – Final Mass) / Initial Mass) x 100 Mass) x 100

Calculate all the changes in mass for Calculate all the changes in mass for your eggyour egg

Starting Starting Mass Mass (grams)(grams)

Final Final Mass Mass (g)(g)

Change Change in mass in mass (g)(g)

% Change in Mass % Change in Mass

((Initial Mass – Final ((Initial Mass – Final Mass) / Initial Mass) x Mass) / Initial Mass) x

100100 Egg in Egg in shellshell ========== ======== ======

VinegarVinegar

Corn Corn SyrupSyrup

DistilledDistilled

Egg Lab ReportEgg Lab Report

Analysis of your Data:Analysis of your Data: Be sure you are using the terms we’ve discussed in Be sure you are using the terms we’ve discussed in

class in your explanation of your results.class in your explanation of your results. ExampleExample

What you should turn in:What you should turn in: Page 1 – DirectionsPage 1 – Directions Page 2 – Written lab reportPage 2 – Written lab report Page 3 – GraphPage 3 – Graph Page 4 – Your actual lab procedurePage 4 – Your actual lab procedure

Selective PermeabilitySelective Permeability – – plasma membrane to allows some plasma membrane to allows some

materials to pass while keeping others outmaterials to pass while keeping others outWhy is selective permeability important?Why is selective permeability important?

So the cell can allow important substance So the cell can allow important substance in (water, oxygen, glucose) and keep in (water, oxygen, glucose) and keep harmful substances out (bacteria).harmful substances out (bacteria).

Passive TransportPassive Transport Passive TransportPassive Transport – –

movement of particles across membranes by movement of particles across membranes by diffusiondiffusion

This process uses no This process uses no energyenergyMolecules moving from hi conc Molecules moving from hi conc

low conclow conc

Facilitated DiffusionFacilitated Diffusion – – nname for passive transport using ame for passive transport using

transport proteins transport proteins Does not use energy!!!Does not use energy!!!

Example:Example:Glucose – going from high conc. Glucose – going from high conc.

Outside cell low inside the cellOutside cell low inside the cell

Transport through the cell membrane:Transport through the cell membrane:Transport proteins – Transport proteins –

proteins that assist facilitated diffusionproteins that assist facilitated diffusion

Warm Up 12-16Warm Up 12-16

What is the function of transport proteins? What is the function of transport proteins? What is the function of the ion channels?What is the function of the ion channels?

TEST FRIDAY! RS due Friday!TEST FRIDAY! RS due Friday!Today:Today:

Finish notes – Na + / K + pump, endocytosis, Finish notes – Na + / K + pump, endocytosis, exocytosisexocytosis

Ion channels – Ion channels – proteins – transport ions from high concentration to proteins – transport ions from high concentration to

lower concentrationlower concentration Ions (like Na+, Ca+, etc) are not soluble in lipids, so Ions (like Na+, Ca+, etc) are not soluble in lipids, so

they must travel through proteins channelsthey must travel through proteins channels Ion channels are ion specificIon channels are ion specific

Some channels are always open, some have Some channels are always open, some have gategate Gates open from stimuli: stretching of cell membrab., Gates open from stimuli: stretching of cell membrab.,

electrical or chemical signalselectrical or chemical signals

Active TransportActive Transport – – transport of materials against a concentration transport of materials against a concentration

gradient – requires energygradient – requires energy ATPATP (adenosine tri-phosphate) – (adenosine tri-phosphate) –

the ENERGY molecule for the cellthe ENERGY molecule for the cell Breaks down from Breaks down from

ATP ATP ADP (Adenosine ADP (Adenosinedi-phosphate)di-phosphate)

Hydrolysis of the Hydrolysis of the phosphate releasesphosphate releasesenergyenergy

Active TransportActive Transport

Active Transport ExampleActive Transport Examplehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=STzOiRqzzL4&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=STzOiRqzzL4&feature=related

Sodium-potassium Pump – Sodium-potassium Pump – transfer protein exampletransfer protein exampleTransfers Na+ out and K+ inTransfers Na+ out and K+ in

Creates electrical gradientCreates electrical gradient Important for nerve impulsesImportant for nerve impulses http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bGJIvEb6x6w&NR=1http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bGJIvEb6x6w&NR=1

Na+ / K+ PumpNa+ / K+ Pump

EndocytosisEndocytosis – – when a cell surrounds and takes in when a cell surrounds and takes in

material from the environmentmaterial from the environmentUses ____Uses ____Energy___Energy___

Warm Up 12-17Warm Up 12-17

Draw a picture illustrating endocytosisDraw a picture illustrating endocytosisTest / RS tomorrow!Test / RS tomorrow!Today:Today:

Review for testReview for testWork on review sheetWork on review sheet

EndocytosisEndocytosis

Pinocytosis – Pinocytosis – Transport of fluids into the cellTransport of fluids into the cell

Phagocytosis – Phagocytosis – Transfer of large particles / cells into the cellTransfer of large particles / cells into the cell

Phagocytes – Phagocytes – Cells that ingest bacteria / viruses – Cells that ingest bacteria / viruses –

lysosomes fuse w/ vesicle to destroy them lysosomes fuse w/ vesicle to destroy them before harm done before harm done

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1w10R9lv7eQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1w10R9lv7eQ

ExocytosisExocytosis – – when a cell expels materials to the when a cell expels materials to the

extracellular environmentextracellular environmentCell exports proteins, hormones and wastes Cell exports proteins, hormones and wastes

this waythis wayThis process uses ___This process uses ___EnergyEnergy______

Endo / ExocytosisEndo / Exocytosis

Exocytosis and endocytosisExocytosis and endocytosishttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K7yku3http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K7yku3

sa4Y8sa4Y8

The EndThe End

Hypo / Hypertonic SolutionsHypo / Hypertonic Solutions