vivek ecosystem h2 o, carbon cycle & energy flow
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ECOSYSTEMENERGY FLOW,WATER AND
CARBON CYCLE
Vivek KumarSt. Vincent Pallotti College of
Engineering and Technology, Nagpur
Email: vicky0705@gmail.com
WHAT IS AN ECOSYSTEM?• System = regularly interacting and
interdependent components forming a unified whole
• Ecosystem = an ecological system;
= a community and its physical environment treated together as a functional system
OR, MORE SIMPLY• An ecosystem is composed of the
organisms and physical environment of a specified area.
• SIZE: micro to MACRO
ENERGY FLOW IN ECOSYSTEMS
• All organisms require energy,
for growth, maintenance, reproduction, locomotion, etc.
• Hence, for all organisms there must be:
• A source of energy
• A loss of usable energy
An ecosystem has abiotic and biotic components:
• ABIOTIC components:
• Solar energy provides practically all the energy for ecosystems.
• Inorganic substances, e.g., sulfur, boron, tend to cycle through ecosystems.
• Organic compounds, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and other complex molecules, form a link between biotic and abiotic components of the system.
AUTOTROPHS• Autotrophs (=self-nourishing) are
called primary producers.
• Photoautotrophs fix energy from the sun and store it in complex organic compounds(green plants, algae, some bacteria).
photoautotrophssimpleinorganiccompounds
complexorganic compounds
light
HETEROTROPHS• Heterotrophs (=other-nourishing) cannot
produce their own food directly from sunlight+ inorganic compounds.
• They require energy previously stored in complex molecules.
heterotrophssimpleinorganiccompounds
complexorganic compounds
heat
• Heterotrophs can be grouped as:
• Consumers
• Decomposers
Energy flow• Simplistically:
• This pattern of energy flow among different organisms is the TROPHIC STRUCTURE of an ecosystem.
heat
Producers Consumers
Decomposers
heat
TYPES OF WATER ECOSYSTEMS
• The water on earth is categorized into two groups: freshwater ecosystems and saltwater ecosystems.
• Saltwater is water that has a lot of salt in it.• Freshwater is water that contains very little
salt.
SALTWATER ECOSYSTEMS
• Oceans, seas, and some lakes are examples of saltwater ecosystems.
• The amount of salt in each one is not the same.
• Plants and animals live in the shallow (not deep) parts because the suns shines more in these areas.
Animals Found in Saltwater Ecosystems
fish
whales
penguins
sharks
crustaceans
sponges
FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS• These include rivers, streams, lakes, and
ponds.• Rivers and streams have moving water. The
water may be moving fast or slow. • Lake are usually larger and deeper than
ponds.• Just like in the oceans, plants and animals
live in the shallow (less deep) parts. The sun shines more in the shallow parts.
Animals Found in Freshwater Ecosystems
Pufferfish
Bullfrog
Turtle
Trout
Pelican
Otter
Grebe
Water cycle
Carbon Cycle Basics
1/12
Global Carbon Cycle
Carbon is exchanged between the active pools due to various processes – photosynthesis and respiration between the land and the atmosphere, and diffusion between the ocean and the atmosphere.
THANK YOU
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