visualising legal meaning in legal informatics. workshop datamss 2014 presentation

Visualising Legal Meaning in

Legal Informatics

DatAMSS 2014, Druskininkai, Lithuania, 4-6.12.2014

6th International Workshop Data Analysis Methods for Software Systems

Friedrich LACHMAYER Vienna and University of Innsbruck

www.legalvisualization.com

Vytautas ČYRAS Vilnius University

Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics

Vytautas.Cyras@mif.vu.lt

Kristina LAPIN Vilnius University

Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics

Kristina.Lapin@mif.vu.lt

1. Motivation:

why visualization

of law?

2

Communicating legal contents

from the human to the machine

• Transition from text culture to machine culture in law

• Semantic modeling [Paradauskas, Nemuraitė 2008 “Semantic models of databases”, in Lithuanian]

3

“Multiphase transformation”

1. Gap “law computer” is too wide.

2. Therefore several stages.

3. “Multiarch bridge”

4

Legal visualization

• Not data visualization

• Not information visualization [Card 2008]

• A kind of knowledge visualization

5

“Symbolization” as visualization

1. The language of law = metaphors

2. Logical diagrams

6

Privalomybė

Esamybė

Law

Is Ought

part-of part-of

Law as a whole

7

Is does not imply Ought

• Fact A does not imply Norm(A)

• Neither is implied: Obligatory A, Permitted A, Forbidden A

• Causation does not imply imputation

– Causation: if A then B

– Imputation: if A then Ought B

8

B cause A

B Ought A

Visualizing the meaning (semantics)

9

Guarino, Oberle, Staab 2009

“What is an Ontology?”

To what extent does UML

visualize meaning?

2. Visualization as

tertium comparationis

10

Tertium comparationis

• Latin – the third part of the comparison

• Quality that two things that are being

compared have in common

11

A B

tertium comparationis

4 apples 4 pears

Number 4

Tertium communicationis

• Intermediate formats, e.g. XML Schema

• Aim: document type definition for

communication humans/machines

12

Two directions

13

Two ways of producing

tertium comparationis

14

Text-visualization correspondence

15

[Fill, Karagiannis 2013]

[Atk

inson, K

ühn

e 2

00

3]

Visual products

• Different representations of norms

• Etc.

16

Thank you

Vytautas.Cyras@mif.vu.lt Vytautas.Cyras@mif.vu.lt 17