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USRP andGNURadio for
prototypingradiofrequencycommunication
algorithms
Retornaz & al.
Introduction
Soft Radio
Example ofUSRP uses
Measurement ofacoustic sensor
Conclusion
USRP and GNURadio for prototypingradiofrequency communication algorithms
T. Retornaz1, J.M. Friedt1, G. Martin2 & S. Ballandras1,2
1Senseor, Besancon2FEMTO-ST/CNRS, Besancon
6 juillet 2009
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USRP andGNURadio for
prototypingradiofrequencycommunication
algorithms
Retornaz & al.
Introduction
Soft Radio
Example ofUSRP uses
Measurement ofacoustic sensor
Conclusion
Radiofrequency circuitprototyping :
� basic blocks assembled : fragile and large, incompatible with use onthe field (outdoor)
� dedicated circuit : lengthy and costly manufacturing + hardwaredebug in parallel to software development
⇒ USRP (Universal Software Radio Peripheral) provides a flexible set ofhardware and software toolset
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USRP andGNURadio for
prototypingradiofrequencycommunication
algorithms
Retornaz & al.
Introduction
Soft Radio
Example ofUSRP uses
Measurement ofacoustic sensor
Conclusion
Hardware vs Software DefinedRadio
SignalTransmitted signal
curves : http ://alexsoft.chez-alice.fr/cours/cm12.htm
electronics
versatile
Carrier frequency ∝ f(R,L,C)
Analog Radio
Digital Radio
Modulator
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USRP andGNURadio for
prototypingradiofrequencycommunication
algorithms
Retornaz & al.
Introduction
Soft Radio
Example ofUSRP uses
Measurement ofacoustic sensor
Conclusion
Software Defined Radio
CNA
CAN
Python
C++
LISP, octave, shell...
Linux
USRP
Library of signal processing
Open-Hardware
Radio waves
Sof
twar
eH
ard
war
e
Hardware independant
Open-Source
USRP : http://www.ettus.com/
Gnuradio : http://gnuradio.org/trac
gnuradio
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USRP andGNURadio for
prototypingradiofrequencycommunication
algorithms
Retornaz & al.
Introduction
Soft Radio
Example ofUSRP uses
Measurement ofacoustic sensor
Conclusion
USRP & daughterboard
BasicRX : 0.1-300 MHz (75 $)
LFRX : 0.1-30 MHz (75 $)
TVRX : 50-870 MHz (100 $)
DBSRX : 0.8-2.4 GHz (150 $)
RFX400 : 400-500 MHz (275 $)
RFX900 : 800-1000 MHz (275 $)
RFX1200 : 1150-1450 MHz (275 $)
RFX1800 : 1.5-2.1 GHz (275 $)
RFX2400 : 2.3-2.9 GHz (275 $)
XCVR2450 : 2.4-2.5 GHz& 4.9-5.85 GHz (400 $)
Tra
nsm
itte
r
700 $ LFTX : 0.1-30 MHz (75 $)
picture : http://www.gnu.org/software/gnuradio/doc/exploring-gnuradio.html
64 MHz
128 MHz
IQ demodulator
IQ modulator
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USRP andGNURadio for
prototypingradiofrequencycommunication
algorithms
Retornaz & al.
Introduction
Soft Radio
Example ofUSRP uses
Measurement ofacoustic sensor
Conclusion
Graphical User Interface
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USRP andGNURadio for
prototypingradiofrequencycommunication
algorithms
Retornaz & al.
Introduction
Soft Radio
Example ofUSRP uses
Measurement ofacoustic sensor
Conclusion
Equivalent Code
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USRP andGNURadio for
prototypingradiofrequencycommunication
algorithms
Retornaz & al.
Introduction
Soft Radio
Example ofUSRP uses
Measurement ofacoustic sensor
Conclusion
GNU Radio Applications� A TiVo equivalent for radio, capable of recording multiple stations
simultaneously.
� Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) waveforms.
� A passive radar system that takes advantage of broadcast TV for itssignal source. For those of you with old TVs hooked to antennas,think about the flutter you see when airplanes fly over.
� Radio astronomy.
� Digital Radio Mundial (DRM).
� Software GPS.
� Distributed sensor networks.
� Distributed measurement of spectrum utilization.
� Amateur radio transceivers.
� Ad hoc mesh networks.
� RFID detector/reader.
� Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) processing.
http://www.gnu.org/software/gnuradio/doc/exploring-gnuradio.html
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USRP andGNURadio for
prototypingradiofrequencycommunication
algorithms
Retornaz & al.
Introduction
Soft Radio
Example ofUSRP uses
Measurement ofacoustic sensor
Conclusion
FM Radio
( Volume )
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:R%C3%A9cSuperH%C3%A9t.png
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9cepteur_radio
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USRP andGNURadio for
prototypingradiofrequencycommunication
algorithms
Retornaz & al.
Introduction
Soft Radio
Example ofUSRP uses
Measurement ofacoustic sensor
Conclusion
Slider ≡ fast reconfiguration
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USRP andGNURadio for
prototypingradiofrequencycommunication
algorithms
Retornaz & al.
Introduction
Soft Radio
Example ofUSRP uses
Measurement ofacoustic sensor
Conclusion
FM Radio in use
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USRP andGNURadio for
prototypingradiofrequencycommunication
algorithms
Retornaz & al.
Introduction
Soft Radio
Example ofUSRP uses
Measurement ofacoustic sensor
Conclusion
Spectrum Analyzer
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USRP andGNURadio for
prototypingradiofrequencycommunication
algorithms
Retornaz & al.
Introduction
Soft Radio
Example ofUSRP uses
Measurement ofacoustic sensor
Conclusion
Spectrum Analyzer in use
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USRP andGNURadio for
prototypingradiofrequencycommunication
algorithms
Retornaz & al.
Introduction
Soft Radio
Example ofUSRP uses
Measurement ofacoustic sensor
Conclusion
Acoustic Sensor
30 cm
Piezo-electric materials
Quality factor Q ≈ 104
Length (antenna) = λ4 ≈ 17 cm
5× 5× 3 = 75 mm3
T°sensor
f1 f2f (Hz)
∆(f ) ∝ ∆(T°)
Non-sensitive
resonatorSensitive
resonator
6= design :
6= types :
- delay line (wideband)
- resonator (narrowband)
T°,
Pressure,
pH, ...
S11
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USRP andGNURadio for
prototypingradiofrequencycommunication
algorithms
Retornaz & al.
Introduction
Soft Radio
Example ofUSRP uses
Measurement ofacoustic sensor
Conclusion
f /T°
f (Hz)
Hot
Cold
S11
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USRP andGNURadio for
prototypingradiofrequencycommunication
algorithms
Retornaz & al.
Introduction
Soft Radio
Example ofUSRP uses
Measurement ofacoustic sensor
Conclusion
Radio frequency pulse
Amplitude (u.a)
t (s)
–am
plit
ud
e(%
)
–ton (s)
–tlook (s)
–tsw (s)
–freq (Hz)
Dead time (RF switch : 1.14 µs)
usrp radar mono.py
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USRP andGNURadio for
prototypingradiofrequencycommunication
algorithms
Retornaz & al.
Introduction
Soft Radio
Example ofUSRP uses
Measurement ofacoustic sensor
Conclusion
Spectral distribution
Noise level
f (Hz)
Short pulse
Long pulse
Qsensor
f (u.a)f (u.a) foscfosc
Power (u.a)Power (u.a)
–ton = 25.10−6 s
–ton = 15.10−6 s
–ton = 5.10−6 s
–amplitude = 100 %
–amplitude = 46 %
–amplitude = 28 %
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USRP andGNURadio for
prototypingradiofrequencycommunication
algorithms
Retornaz & al.
Introduction
Soft Radio
Example ofUSRP uses
Measurement ofacoustic sensor
Conclusion
Short Pulse = Frequency Sweep
fosc = 432.2 MHz fosc = 434.55 MHz
f (Hz) f (Hz)
fosc = 433.4 MHz
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USRP andGNURadio for
prototypingradiofrequencycommunication
algorithms
Retornaz & al.
Introduction
Soft Radio
Example ofUSRP uses
Measurement ofacoustic sensor
Conclusion
Reception and Processing ofRadar-Echo
20000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
0 200 400 600 800 10000
5000
15000
25000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
10000
Noise level
Qsensor
Short pulse
Long pulse
Σ
Σ
Integration timeVoltage (u.a)
Time (s)Time (s)
fft(Echo)
f (Hz)
fft(Echo)
f (Hz)Integration time
Voltage (u.a)
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USRP andGNURadio for
prototypingradiofrequencycommunication
algorithms
Retornaz & al.
Introduction
Soft Radio
Example ofUSRP uses
Measurement ofacoustic sensor
Conclusion
Sensitive mode
433 M∆(f ) ≡ ∆(T °)
434 M
0°C ≈ 23°C
f (Hz)
f23°Cf0°C
Σ (u.a)
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USRP andGNURadio for
prototypingradiofrequencycommunication
algorithms
Retornaz & al.
Introduction
Soft Radio
Example ofUSRP uses
Measurement ofacoustic sensor
Conclusion
Time analysis
4
4
4
4
log
t (u.a)
f (Hz)fsample ≈ 10 Hz
fref−1 MHz
Burning
match
under
sensor
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USRP andGNURadio for
prototypingradiofrequencycommunication
algorithms
Retornaz & al.
Introduction
Soft Radio
Example ofUSRP uses
Measurement ofacoustic sensor
Conclusion
Comparison of methods
Long pulse
Short pulse
Climatic chamber
t (u.a)
t (u.a)
T (°C)
fsensor (Hz)
≈ 2 hour
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USRP andGNURadio for
prototypingradiofrequencycommunication
algorithms
Retornaz & al.
Introduction
Soft Radio
Example ofUSRP uses
Measurement ofacoustic sensor
Conclusion
Pattern of measurements
USB
Socket
Init –amplitude–ton
–freq
usrp radar mono.py
LUSH
USRP
Stop RADAR
Frequency tuning
Start RADAR
Pulse generation
Transmit Echo
<1 ms
Echo Request
FFT
fsensorTsample > 128 points ×50.10−3 > 6 s
50 ms
Short pulse
Σ
×128 ?
if fsample = 100 Hz : σ = 150 Hz
fsample > 800 Hz
Long pulse
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USRP andGNURadio for
prototypingradiofrequencycommunication
algorithms
Retornaz & al.
Introduction
Soft Radio
Example ofUSRP uses
Measurement ofacoustic sensor
Conclusion
Conclusion : USRP prototyping
σ = 150 HzPower comsumption
<
ISM Band ISM Band
not allowed
noise level allowed
Mathematical complexity
<
>
Interval between antenna/sensor
FFT
fsample > 800 Hz
Short pulse
×128 Σ
fsample < 0.16 Hz
Long pulse
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USRP andGNURadio for
prototypingradiofrequencycommunication
algorithms
Retornaz & al.
Introduction
Soft Radio
Example ofUSRP uses
Measurement ofacoustic sensor
Conclusion
Conclusion and perspective
� Demonstration of the use of software defined radio for rapidprototyping of acoustic sensor interrogation algorithms
� Experimental measurements performed on resonators and delay linesusing USRP
Further work :
� move part of the processing from PC to FPGA (automaticfrequency tuning, received power detection)
� automatic gain control to tune emitted power as a function ofreceived signal strength
References :
� J.-M Friedt, T. Retornaz, G. Martin, T. Laroche, J.-P. Simonnet, E.Carry, S. Ballandras Surface Acoustic Wave Resonators as PassiveBuried Sensors 2009 EFTF/IFCS (April 2009).
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