using the keynote app as a research tool_ipads in higher education, 1st international conference,...

Using the Keynote App as a research tool

A case study in medical education

Veronica MitchellEducation Development Unit

Health Sciences FacultyUniversity of Cape Town, South Africa

@ iPads in Higher EducationConference in Paphos, Cyprus

March 2014

Research project

Supervisor: Prof Suellen Shay

The Curriculum in Medical Education

MastersHigher

EducationStudies

Context

My stance

Professionalism &

Health and Human Rights

Image by Stacey Stent

The Curriculum

Research question

How do students negotiate the gap

between the fixed, intended curriculum

and the fluid, enacted curriculum

in their early Obstetrics delivery experience

?

Pam Hoffman, http://www.flickr.com/photos/pampan/7669484820/in/set-72157630806128380/

What about integration?What about integration?

Obstetrics practical rotation15 deliveries = competence

Year 4 student

s

Kaleidoscope of student experiences

Kaleido App on iPhone

Obstetrics in Year 4

Obstetrics in Year 4

South Africa’s weak public health system

Curriculum challenges

??

A changing educational landscape

Supercomplexity

Uncertainty

Prof Ronald Barnett

Barnett (2000:260) explains curricula as:

being lived by rather than being determined …

[with an] elusive quality about them.

Their actual dimensions and elements are tacit.

They take on certain patterns and relationships

but those patterns and relationships

will be hidden from all concerned, except as they are experienced by the students

Theoretical frame Barnett & Coates (2005) triad for professional

curricula

K

AB

K

B A

CompositionSize / Weighting

ColourSequence

Individual experiences

Personal & professional growth

Triple Schema

Unpacking the curricular domains

5 students in Year 4 in 2010

MethodologyMethodology

1. reflective commentaries

2. one-to-one interviews

3. iPad’s Keynote images

Affordances: Keynote AppAffordances: Keynote App

NoveltyNovelty / appealing / appealingAlternativeAlternative modality modalityVisualVisual dimension dimensionTactileTactile component component Intergenerational Intergenerational bridgebridge33rdrd party party in the conversational spacein the conversational spaceSense of Sense of playplay

shifting images / familiar shifting images / familiar shapes / colour shapes / colour CirclesCircles created vs messiness of created vs messiness of drawingsdrawings Keynote AppKeynote App

Methodology with the iPad

Explanation to studentsExplored the Keynote toolGave them a templateAlongside semi-structured questionsExplained their experiences by moving the circlesEmailed to researcherSaved as imagesPrinted for dissertation

Limitations: Limitations: Keynote AppKeynote App

Different Different New / UnfamiliarNew / UnfamiliarStudents more used to text Students more used to text Abstract nature of concepts Abstract nature of concepts

- circles representing curricular - circles representing curricular domainsdomainsTemplate usedTemplate used

Keynote AppKeynote App

By George Tuli (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons

What about What about integration?integration?

K

AB

Using visual communication

Kress & van Leeuwen (2006)

Deeper hidden truth Microscopic view through circles Jewitt & Oyama (2001)

Analysing the visual component

StudentsYear 4 In 2010 Year 6 in 2012

Being Acting

Knowing

Research participants

Joan

Thabo

Sipho

Pseudonyms used

Research participants

Mature, tactical, aware of social

justiceQuiet, reflective,

developing confidence

Proud leader, passionate about

Obstetrics

K

AB

In 2010

Student Joan

BA

K

Curriculum

In 2011

K

AB

Curriculum

Student Sipho

K

B A

In 2010 In 2012

K

AB

Curriculum

Student Thabo

K

B

A

In 2010 In 2012

Individual shifts, integration / transformation

Developed relationships, Understood & responded

to broader issues

Regrets, sense of numbnesswith compliance

Values his power, advice to me & others, critical of peers in not

adapting

Summary

Way forward

PhD

Value of using imagesEmerging iPad affordances

Reflecting on the tool Professionalism &

Health and Human Rights

Enriching experience - digging deeper into students’

authentic experiences- motivating critical reflection

Missing: Students comments on the technology

- enabling / constraining

iPad was a highlight for me

Conclusion

Deeper insights with alternative approaches

Keynote App was a valuable contribution to research

Exciting new opportunities arising

Illustration by Stacey Stent , thanks to Dick Ng’ambi

Thank You

Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 South Africa

License.

References 

Barnett, R. 2009. Knowing and becoming in the higher education curriculum. Studies in higher education. 34.4:429-440. Barnett. R. & Coate, K. 2005. Engaging the higher curriculum in higher education. SRHE & Open University Press. London

Kress, G. & van Leeuwen,T. 2006. Reading Images: The grammar of visual design. 2nd Ed. Routledge: London.

Jewitt, C & Oyama, R. 2001. Visual meaning: A social semiotic approach. In van Leeuwen T & Jewitt C. A handbook of visual analysis . London. SAGE. Publications.