u.s. vs. dicristina opinion (08/21/2012)
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7/31/2019 U.S. vs. DiCristina Opinion (08/21/2012)
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_ADXOH SXFXOS HDSXPDCX CK_PX
OFSXOPA HDSXPDCX KL AO^ TKPG
_ADXOH SXFXOS KL FJOPDCF
fnfdasx
EF^POACO HDCPDSXDAF%
Holoahfax!
JOJKPFAH_J% KPHOP%
, I_HNJOAX
66*CP*868
F}}ofpfacos9
Lkp xbo nk|opajoax9 Klldco kl xbo _adxoh Sxfxos Fxxkpaot0>6 Cfhjfa ]efyf Ofsx@pkkgeta% AT 660=6
@t9 Jfpdsf J! SodlfaAfxbfa Hfadoe Podeet
Lkp xbo holoahfax9 Gfaafa SuahfpfjLohopfe HoloahopsKao ]doppo}kax ]efyf% 6
@t9 Xbkjfs C! NkehsxodaXoidahop SdanbNkehsxoda , Pussoee% ]!C!
IFCG @! ^ODASXODA% Soadkp _adxoh Sxfxos Hdsxpdcx Iuhno9
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 6 kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 8>
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Xf`eo kl CkaxoaxsD! Daxpkhucxdka !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ?DD! Lfcxs !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 4
F! ]pkcohupfe Bdsxkpt !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 4@! O|dhoaco ka ]kgop !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 6=
6! ]kgop da xbo _adxoh Sxfxos !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 660! Nfjo ]eft Noaopfeet !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 663! Or}opx Xosxdjkat !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 68
f! Holoaso Or}opx!!!68`! Nk|opajoax Or}opx3=c! Holoaso Or}opx.s Su}}eojoaxfe Po}kpx!!32
8! Kxbop O|dhoaco !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 8??! Ckaceusdkas kl Kxbop Ckupxs fah xbo Sxfxos !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 8>
C! O|dhoaco fx Xpdfe !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ?3DDD! Lohopfe Pueo kl Cpdjdafe ]pkcohupo 04 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ??D\! Pueos kl Sxfxuxkpt Ckasxpucxdka !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ?20! ]po*DN@F !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 26
f! Xpfas}kpxdan Nfj`edan Jfxopdfes!!!!!!26`! Nfj`edan Sbd}s!!28c! ^dpo Fcx!!!!!28h! Xpf|oe Fcx!!!!!!2?
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 0 kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 8>
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3! ]ksx*DN@F !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 2 A!O!0h 4=
A!T! 64?6$ bkehdan xbfx f skcdfe nfjo kl }kgop }eftoh da f `fsojoax pkkj kl f edvukp sxkpo
|dkefxoh f ef~ ~bdcb }pk|dhoh xbfx WaZk }opska edcoasoh xk soee feckbkedc `o|opfnos sbfee sullop
kp }opjdx fat nfj`edan ka xbo edcoasoh }pojdsos% kp sullop kp }opjdx sucb }pojdsos xk `ockjo
hdskphopet$! Xbds sopdos kl Ao~ Tkpg Sxfxo hocdsdkas hk akx hocdho xbo dssuo ak~ }ksoh9
~boxbop f `usdaoss da|ke|dan deeonfe }kgop nfjos |dkefxos xbo lohopfe DN@F!
Xbo holoahfaxs fpnujoax da lf|kp kl hdsjdssfe ds x~k*lkeh! Ldpsx% bo cefdjs xbfx o|oa dl
}kgop ds nfj`edan uahop Ao~ Tkpg ef~% akx fee |dkefxdkas kl sxfxo nfj`edan ef~s ckasxdxuxo
nfj`edan }pksocuxf`eo uahop xbo DN@F! Xbo lohopfe sxfxuxo holdaos nfj`edan fs daceuhWdanZ
`ux ! ! ! akx edjdxoh xk }kke*soeedan% `kkgjfgdan% jfdaxfdadan sekx jfcbdaos% pkueoxxo ~booes kp
hdco xf`eos% fah ckahucxdan ekxxopdos% }kedct% `kedxf kp auj`ops nfjos% kp soeedan cbfacos
xbopoda! 62 _!S!C! 64??`$0$! Bo su`jdxs xbfx xbds holdadxdka edjdxs ~bdcb sxfxo nfjdan ef~s
xpdnnop }pksocuxdka uahop xbo DN@F9 f `usdaoss jusx da|ke|o nfjos sulldcdoaxet sdjdefp xk xbo
adao nfjos oaujopfxoh da xbo lohopfe holdadxdka da kphop xk `o }pksocuxoh fs f nfj`edan
`usdaoss uahop xbo DN@F! Sockah% bo ckaxoahs xbfx xbo }kgop pkkj bo k}opfxoh hkos akx
ckasxdxuxo f nfj`edan `usdaoss uahop xbds afppk~ holdadxdkaxbfx ds xk sft% xbfx f nfjo pua `t
f nfj`edan `usdaoss jusx `o `kxb bkuso*`fagoh fah }pohkjdafxoh `t cbfaco da kphop xk `o
sulldcdoaxet sdjdefp xk xbkso oaujopfxoh% fah xbfx bds }kgop oaxop}pdso ~fs aodxbop!
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno > kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 8>>0
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Xbo nk|opajoax ckuaxops xbfx 64??`$0$ hkos akx% `t dxs }efda efanufno% posxpdcx ~bfx
gdahs kl nfjos ckasxdxuxo nfj`edan uahop xbo DN@F! _pnoh ds xbfx xbo nkfe kl xbo lohopfe sxfxuxo
~fs xk cup` xbo daleuoaco kl kpnfadyoh cpdjo% ~bdcb hopd|oh su`sxfaxdfe po|oauos lpkj deeonfe
nfj`edan% fah xbfx xbo lohopfe ef~ ~fs }fssoh xk `kesxop sxfxos ollkpxs ka xbds lpkax! Dx lkeek~s%
sk xbo fpnujoax nkos% xbfx fat nfj`edan fcxd|dxt xbfx ds deeonfe uahop sxfxo ef~ ds nfj`edan
uahop xbo DN@F! Nk|x Pos}kaso da K}}! xk Hol!s Jkx! xk Hdsjdss xbo Dahdcxjoax fah Jkx! xk
]poceuho Or}opx Xosxdjkat% Hkc! Oaxpt >
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Lkp xbo pofskas sxfxoh `oek~% xbo holoahfaxs cka|dcxdka ds |fcfxoh% fah xbo dahdcxjoax
hdsjdssoh!
DD! Lfcxs
F! ]pkcohupfe Bdsxkpt
Ka Hocoj`op 4% 0=66% holoahfax Ef~poaco Hdcpdsxdaf ~fs cbfpnoh da f sockah
su}opsohdan dahdcxjoax ~dxb k}opfxdan fa deeonfe nfj`edan `usdaoss da|ke|dan }kgop nfjos da
|dkefxdka kl xbo DN@F Ckuax X~k$ fah ckas}dpdan xk hk sk Ckuax Kao$! Soo Sockah
Su}opsohdan Dahdcxjoax% Hkc! Oaxpt 0?% Hoc! 4% 0=66! Bo dadxdfeet }eoh nudext xk Ckuax X~k% xbo
su`sxfaxd|o DN@F klloaso! Soo Xp! kl Nudext ]eof% Hkc! Oaxpt 8=% Hoc! 60% 0=66! Fx bds
soaxoacdan bofpdan% bo jk|oh xk ~dxbhpf~ bds }eof! Hkc! Oaxpt ?=% Jft 6% 0=60! Xbo }eof ~fs
~dxbhpf~a% fah f xpdfe hfxo ~fs sox! Dh!
F ~oog `olkpo xpdfe% xbo holoahfax jk|oh uahop Lohopfe Pueo kl Cpdjdafe ]pkcohupo
04`$ xk hdsjdss xbo dahdcxjoax% ckaxoahdan xbfx }kgop hdh akx ckasxdxuxo nfj`edan fs holdaoh `t
xbo DN@F! Soo Hol!s Jkx! xk Hdsjdss xbo Dahdcxjoax% Hkc! Oaxpt 8% Iuet 6% 0=60! Xbo
holoahfax fesk skunbx xk daxpkhuco or}opx xosxdjkat fx xpdfe xk sbk~ xbfx }kgop ~fs f nfjo kl
sgdee pfxbop xbfa cbfaco fah xbus kuxsdho xbo }up|do~ kl xbo sxfxuxo! Soo Hkc! Oaxpt >3% Iuet 3%
0=60!
Lkeek~dan fHfu`opxbofpdan% holoahfaxs ~dxaoss ~fs }opjdxxoh xk }posoax bds k}dadka fs
fa or}opx% `ux bds xosxdjkat ~fs orceuhoh lpkj xbo xpdfe fs dppoeo|fax! Soo Hol! Or}opxHfu`opx
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 4 kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 8>>8
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Bpn Xp! 2896*0! Dx ~fs pueoh xbfx ~boxbop }kgop ckasxdxuxoh nfj`edan ~fs f jfxxop kl ef~ xbfx
~kueh `o hocdhoh `t xbo ckupx% pfxbop xbfa `t xbo iupt! Dh! 2496*?!
Hocdsdka ka holoahfaxs jkxdka xk hdsjdss ~fs posop|oh! Dh! Bo poao~oh bds jkxdka fx
xbo cekso kl xbo nk|opajoaxs cfso% Xp! kl Xpdfe 0>% Iuet % Fun! 6>% 0=60 Nk|x Po}et Eoxxop$7 Hol!s Eoxxop Po}et xk Nk|x
Fun! 6>% 0=60 Eoxxop% Hkc! Oaxpt 6=2% Fun! 0=% 0=60!
@! O|dhoaco ka ]kgop
Coaxpfe xk xbo dssuo kl ~boxbop }kgop lfees ~dxbda xbo fj`dx kl xbo sxfxuxo ds9 6$ ~boxbop
Ckanposs% fx xbo xdjo kl dxs oafcxjoax kl xbo DN@F% uahopsxkkh nfj`edan xk daceuho }kgop7 fah
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 6= kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 8>>?
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0$ ~boxbop }kgop ds% edgo xbo kxbop nfjos oaujopfxoh da xbfx sxfxuxo% f nfjo }pohkjdafxoh `t
cbfaco!
6! ]kgop da xbo _adxoh Sxfxos
]kgop bfs f ekan bdsxkpt da xbo _adxoh Sxfxos! Soo% o!n!% Xbo Afxdkafe Nfjo% A!T!
Xdjos% Lo`!60% 62>? hoscpd`dan xbo s}pofh kl edxopfxupo ka }kgop$! Xbo nfjo ldpsx f}}ofpoh da
pkunbet dxs jkhopa lkpj da xbo ofpet adaoxooaxb coaxupt da Ao~ Kpeofas! Ifjos JcJfaus%
Ck~`kts Luee9 Xbo Sxkpt kl ]kgop?6 0==4$! Dx bfs `ooa oj`pfcoh `t jfat kl kup }kedxdcfe
eofhops fah kxbop }u`edc ldnupos! Lkp orfj}eo% Iusxdco Hkunefs ~fs f ponuefp fx ]posdhoax
Lpfageda Pkkso|oexs }kgop }fpxdos7 Cbdol Iusxdco \daska }eftoh }kgop ~dxb ]posdhoax Xpujfa!
Cboaot |! _!S! Hdsx! Ckupx lkp Hdsx! kl Ckeuj`df% ?86 _!S! 463% 46> 0==8$ cdxdan I! Sdjka%
Daho}oahoax Ikupaot9 Xbo Edlo kl ^deedfj K! Hkunefs 00=*006 642=$7 H! JcCueekunb% Xpujfa
?66 6440$$! Hpd|oa da }fpx `t xbo Daxopaox% ~bdcb feek~s lkp kaedao }kgop }eftdan% fah cf`eo
xoeo|dsdka% ~bdcb lpovuoaxet `pkfhcfsxs }kgop xkupafjoaxs% xbo nfjo bfs supnoh da }k}uefpdxt da
pocoax tofps! Faxbkat Bkehoa%@dnnop Hofe9 F Tofp Dasdho xbo ]kgop @kkj 6% 6= 0==>$! Da
0==>3 }eftops oaxopoh xbo jfda o|oax da xbo ^kpeh Sopdos kl ]kgop% xbo jksx }posxdndkus
}kgop xkupafjoax da xbo _adxoh Sxfxos% fah jkpo xbfa 88%?== }eftops }fpxdcd}fxoh da xbo
xkupafjoax fx efpno! Dh! fx 6!
0! Nfjo ]eft Noaopfeet
^bdeo xbopo fpo so|opfe jfikp |fpdfaxs kl }kgop% xbo holoahfaxs `usdaoss da|ke|oh Ak*
Edjdx Xorfs Bkehoj% f nfjo kl dacpofsdan }k}uefpdxt! Soo Hol! Or}opx Hfu`opxBpn Xp!
68908 6?987 ]fpx DDC$% dalpf! Ak*Edjdx Xorfs Bkehoj ds cuppoaxet xbo jksx }k}uefp |fpdfax kl
}kgop! Soo Hol! Or}opxHfu`opxBpn Xp! 68960*00!
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 66 kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 8>>
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Xorfs Bkehoj }kgop bfs `ooa hoscpd`oh fs lkeek~s9
Xbo nfjo ds usufeet }eftoh ~dxb fx jksx 6= fah fx eofsx 0$ }eftops! Edgojksx |fpdfaxs kl }kgop% xbo k`iocxd|o da bkehoj ds xk ~da }kxs% ~bopo f }kx ds xbosuj kl xbo jkaot `ox `t fee }eftops da f bfah! F }kx ds ~ka odxbop fx xbo
sbk~hk~a `t lkpjdan xbo `osx ld|o cfph }kgop bfah kux kl xbo so|oa cfphsf|fdef`eo% kp `t `oxxdan xk cfuso kxbop }eftops xk lkeh fah f`fahka xbodp cefdj xkxbo }kx! Xbo k`iocxd|o kl f }eftop ds akx xk ~da xbo jfrdjuj auj`op kldahd|dhufe }kxs% `ux pfxbop xk jfgo jfxbojfxdcfeet ckppocx hocdsdkas da kphop xkjfrdjdyo xbo or}ocxoh aox fjkuax ~ka da xbo ekan pua!
! ! !Bkehoj ds klxoa }eftoh usdan sjfee fah `dn `edah `oxs! F hofeop `uxxka ds
usoh xk po}posoax xbo }eftop da xbo hofeop }ksdxdka7 xbo hofeop `uxxka pkxfxoscekcg~dso flxop ofcb bfah% cbfandan xbo }ksdxdka kl xbo hofeop fah `edahs! Xbosjfee `edah ds }ksxoh `t xbo }eftop xk xbo eolx kl xbo hofeop fah ds usufeet ovufe xkbfel kl xbo `dn `edah! Xbo `dn `edah% }ksxoh `t xbo }eftop xk xbo eolx kl xbo sjfee
`edah% ds ovufe xk xbo jdadjuj `ox!! ! !F }eft kl f bfah `ondas ~dxb ofcb }eftop `odan hofex x~k cfphs lfco hk~a
lpkj f sxfahfph hocg kl ?0 cfphs! Xboso cfphs fpo xbo }eftops bkeo kp }kcgoxcfphs% xbot fpo xbo kaet cfphs ofcb }eftop ~dee pocod|o dahd|dhufeet% fah xbot ~deekaet }kssd`et$ `o po|ofeoh fx xbo sbk~hk~a% jfgdan bkehoj f ceksoh }kgopnfjo! Flxop xbo }kcgox cfphs fpo hofex% xbopo ds f "}po*lek}" `oxxdan pkuah%`ondaadan ~dxb xbo }eftop xk xbo eolx kl xbo `dn `edah kp xbo }eftop xk xbo eolx kl xbohofeop% dl ak `edahs fpo usoh$ fah ckaxdaudan cekcg~dso! F pkuah kl `oxxdanckaxdauos uaxde o|opt }eftop bfs odxbop lkehoh% }ux da fee kl xbodp cbd}s% kp jfxcbohxbo fjkuax }ux da `t ofcb kxbop fcxd|o }eftop!
Flxop xbo }po*lek} `oxxdan pkuah% fssujdan xbopo pojfda fx eofsx x~k}eftops xfgdan }fpx da xbo bfah% xbo hofeop hofes f lek}7 xbpoo lfco*u} ckjjuadxtcfphs! Xbo lek} ds lkeek~oh `t f sockah `oxxdan pkuah! Xbds fah fee su`sovuoax`oxxdan pkuahs `onda ~dxb xbo }eftop xk xbo hofeops eolx fah ckaxdauo cekcg~dso!
Flxop xbo lek} `oxxdan pkuah oahs f sdaneo ckjjuadxt cfph cfeeoh xbo xupa$ds hofex% lkeek~oh `t f xbdph `oxxdan pkuah! F ldafe sdaneo ckjjuadxt cfph cfeeohxbo pd|op$ ds xboa hofex% lkeek~oh `t f lkupxb `oxxdan pkuah fah xbo sbk~hk~a% dlaocossfpt!
Dl f }eftop `oxs fah fee kxbop }eftops lkeh% xboa xbo pojfdadan }eftop dsf~fphoh xbo }kx fah ds akx povudpoh xk sbk~ bds bkeo cfphs! Dl x~k kp jkpo }eftopspojfda flxop xbo ldafe `oxxdan pkuah% f sbk~hk~a kccups! Ka xbo sbk~hk~a% ofcb}eftop }efts xbo `osx ld|o*cfph bfah bo cfa jfgo lpkj xbo so|oa cfphs ckj}pdsdanbds x~k }kcgox cfphs fah xbo ld|o ckjjuadxt cfphs! F }eftop jft uso `kxb kl bdsk~a x~k }kcgox cfphs% kaet kao% kp akao fx fee% xk lkpj bds ldafe ld|o*cfph bfah! Dlxbo ld|o ckjjuadxt cfphs lkpj xbo }eftops `osx bfah% xboa xbo }eftop ds sfdh xk `o}eftdan xbo `kfph fah cfa kaet bk}o xk s}edx xbo }kx% sdaco ofcb kxbop fcxd|o }eftopcfa fesk uso xbo sfjo ld|o cfphs xk ckasxpucx xbo sfjo bfah!
Dl xbo `osx bfah ds sbfpoh `t jkpo xbfa kao }eftop% xboa xbo }kx ds s}edxovufeet fjkan xboj! Xbo `osx bfah ds hoxopjdaoh fcckphdan xk xbo pfagdan
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 60 kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 8>>>
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hoscpd`oh `oek~! Dl xbo sdnadldcfax }fpx kl xbo bfah da|ke|os lo~op xbfa ld|o cfphs%sucb fs x~k }fdp kp xbpoo kl f gdah$% xboa xbo fhhdxdkafe cfphs cfeeoh gdcgops$ fpousoh xk soxxeo xdos! Akxo xbfx kaet xbo cfphs aujopdcfe pfag jfxxops7 sudx |feuos fpodppoeo|fax da Bkehoj!
]]F Jkx! lkp Eof|o xk Ldeo fa Fjdcus @p! Or! @ Aknf Feka% ]kgop% Cbfaco fah Sgdee 0*3
ua}u`edsboh jfauscpd}x$$% Hkc! Oaxpt >8% Iuet 3% 0=60!
Xbo nk|opajoax hkos akx hds}uxo xbfx sgdee }efts skjo pkeo da }kgop% }fpxdcuefpet da ak*
edjdx }kgop nfjos! Fs kao ~pdxop bfs hoscpd`oh xbo jfxxop9
Xbo edjdxs% kp f`soaco kl edjdxs% ka bk~ jucb f }eftop jft `ox fah pfdso~dee hpfjfxdcfeet fllocx xbo nfjo htafjdcs% daceuhdan }eftops hocdsdkas fah
sxpfxondos fah xbo poefxd|o `fefaco kl eucg |opsus sgdee da xbo nfjo! ! ! ! Da ak*edjdxnfjos% f }eftop jft `ox kp pfdso fat fjkuax bo bfs da lpkax kl bdj xf`eo sxfgosedjdx `oxxdan da f bfah xk xbo cbd}s fah jkaot ka xbo xf`eo$! ! ! !
^bdeo xbo dadxdfe hdsxpd`uxdka kl cfphs fah po}efcojoax cfphs fpo pfahkj%xbo hocdsdka ka ~bdcb cfphs xk hdscfph% xbo joxbkhs fah sxo}s da `oxxdan% xbofafetsds kl }eftdan bf`dxs kl kxbop }eftops% fah xbo jfafnojoax kl f }eftopscbd}s lpkj bfah xk bfah fpo fee sgdees! ! ! !
Faxbkat Cf`kx , Pk`opx Bfaauj%]kgop9 ]u`edc ]kedct% Ef~% Jfxbojfxdcs% fah xbo Luxupo kl
fa Fjopdcfa Xpfhdxdka% 00 X!J! Ckkeot E! Po|! 883% 8?=*?8 0==?$!
F sgdeeoh }eftop sbkueh `o f`eo xk fssoss xbo sxpoanxb kl bds bfah fs f luacxdka klbds bkeo cfphs% xbo ckjjuadxt cfphs% xbo auj`op kl }eftops sxdee da xbo nfjo% xbodp`oxxdan sxpfxont fah xbo }ksdxdka fx xbo xf`eo! Bo sbkueh `o f`eo xk fssoss xbojkhoe kl }eft kl xbo kxbop }eftops% osxdjfxo xbo }pk`f`dedxt kl dj}pk|dan bds bfahkaco xbo aorx ckjjuadxt cfphs fpo po|ofeoh% fah sbkueh `o f`eo xk bdho bdssxpfxont `t `eulldan fah eof|dan bds `obf|dkp ua}pohdcxf`eo!
]]F Jkx! lkp Eof|o xk Ldeo fa Fjdcus @p! Or! @ Aknf Feka% ]kgop% Cbfaco fah Sgdee 68% Iuet 3% 0=60!
_aedgo kxbop nfjos ckjjkaet ckasdhopoh nfj`edan% sucb fs pkueoxxo% cpf}s% kp `efcgifcg%
xbo bkuso hkos akx }fpxdcd}fxo da nfjo }eft hupdan }kgop nfjos! Cf`kx , Bfaauj%su}pf% fx
8?0!
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 63 kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 8>>2
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Dasxofh% }eftops ckj}oxo fnfdasx ofcb kxbop% fah jkaot ~ka kp eksx ds jopoetxpfasloppoh lpkj kao }eftop xk fakxbop! Xbo cfsdak }pk|dhos f hofeop% ~bk hkosakx }eft% fah xbo cfsdak jfgos jkaot `t xfgdan f }opcoaxfno kl ofcb }kx%cbfpndan fa bkupet loo% kp ckeeocxdan f lefx fjkuax lkp o|opt bfah! Xbo ldpsx klxboso ds xbo jksx ckjjka7 f pfgo }opcoaxfno orxpfcxoh$ kl ?/ xk 6=/ ds
xt}dcfe!
Cf`kx , Bfaauj%su}pf% fx 8?0*?3!
3! Or}opx Xosxdjkat
f! Holoaso Or}opx
Fx f Iuet *2! Bo bdnbednbxoh xbo auj`op kl sgdeeoh sxpfxondc cbkdcos%
sucb fs bk~ jucb xk ~fnop% jfho `t }kgop }eftops da xbo ckupso kl }eftdan f sdaneo bfah9
WXZbopos f |opt efpno auj`op kl hocdsdkas xbfx aooh xk `o jfho `t f}kgop }eftop }eftdan fat nd|oa bfah! ! ! ! Xbo sdj}eosx fah jksx k`|dkus cbkdco
xbfx f }eftop bfs xk jfgo ds sdj}et ~boxbop xk }eft f }fpxdcuefp bfah! ! ! ! WLkporfj}eo% f bfah ~dxb f Gdan fah f Adao da hdllopoax sudxsZ ds f bfah ~bdcb ds}fpxdcuefpet ofst lkp uasgdeelue }eftops xk }eft `fhet% fah lkp sgdeelue }eftops xk}eft ~oee! Fah xbo |opt ldpsx hocdsdka xbfx f }eftop bfs xk jfgo ds sdj}et ~boxbopkp akx xk }eft fah bk~ jucb xk `ox% fah eoss sgdeelue }eftops soodan f Gdan fah fAdao% ~bdcb sooj edgo poefxd|oet bdnb cfphs% fah ~boa xbo Gdan ckjos% xbot ~deebf|o f }fdp kl Gdans% ~bdcb soojs edgo f poefxd|oet sxpkan bfah% fah tox uasgdeelue}eftops xoj}xoh xk }eft xbfx bfah fpo |opt edgoet xk `ox xkk jucb fah xk ekso xk}eftops ~dxb o|oa `oxxop bfahs! @ocfuso o|oa xbkunb dx soojs edgo f nkkh bfah%~boa tku bf}}oa xk nox fakxbop Gdan% tku jfgo f sxpkan bfah% dx soojs edgo tkufpo edgoet xk ~da! Da lfcx% tku jft ~da poefxd|oet jfat bfahs! Tku fpo akx nkdan
xk ~da |opt jucb jkaot ~dxb xbfx bfah% fah ~boa tku ekso% tku fpo edgoet xk eksof ekx kl jkaot! Sk uasgdeelue }eftops xoah xk }eft xbfx bfah }kkpet% fah jfgo `fhhocdsdkas% akx kaet xbo hocdsdkas tku }eft% `ux fesk bk~ jucb xk `ox% bk~ xkpos}kah xk kxbop }eftops% ~boa kxbop }eftops pfdso xboj% lkp orfj}eo!
Sk f jkpo sgdeelue }eftop ~kueh pocknadyo xbfx xbo kaet ~ft xk ~da ~dxbxbfx bfah ~kueh `o% lkp orfj}eo xk nox f }fdp WklZ Gdans% fah dl ak`kht oeso bfsfatxbdan xbfx ds f |opt nkkh bfah% tku fpo edgoet xk ~da fejksx akxbdan ~dxb xbfx}fdp kl Gdans! Ka xbo kxbop bfah% dl fakxbop }eftop% dasxofh kl sxfpxdan ~dxb f Gdan
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 68 kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 8>>4
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Adao% bfh f Gdan Fco% fah ak~ ~boa fee kl xbo ckjjka cfphs fpo hofexsu`sovuoaxet da xbo nfjo% f Gdan f}}ofps% `kxb }eftops ~kueh bf|o f }fdp klGdans% `ux xbo }eftop ~dxb xbo Fco Gdan ~kueh bf|o f jucb sxpkanop bfah fahxbopolkpo ~da jucb jkpo klxoa fah jucb jkpo! Xbo eoss sgdeelue }eftop ~kuehbf|o f xoahoact xk `ox xkk jucb ~dxb xbo Gdan Adao ofpet% fah ~kueh fesk xoah xk
cfee xkk klxoa efxop!
Xp! kl Bpn 0
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693 32947soo fesk dh! 849>*6< Da }kgop% tku hkax gak~ xbo cfphs xbfx Wxbo kxbop }eftopsZ
bf|o% `ux xbot gak~ ~bfx cfphs xbot bf|o! Xbot hkax gak~ xbo cfphs xbfx tku bf|o! Sk tku
bf|o f jkhoe kl tkup k}}kaoax fah bk~ xbot pofcx xk xbo sdxufxdka xbfx xbot soo! Xbot bf|o f
jkhoe kl tku da xbodp jdah% fah bk~ ~oee xbo }eftops }eft% jfgo xbodp hocdsdkas xk uso xbds
dalkpjfxdka% ~bdcb ds noaopfxoh `t xbo cbfaco jocbfadsj% xbo ~ft da ~bdcb xbot xboa uso xbo
dalkpjfxdka xbfx xbot hk bf|o xk jfgo xbodp sxpfxondc cbkdcos ds ~bfx jfgos }kgop sucb fa ! ! !
daxoposxdan nfjo!$! ^boa }kgop ds }eftoh ed|o% fs dx ~fs da xbo dasxfax cfso% pfxbop xbfa ka f
ckj}uxop% fhhdxdkafe sgdees ckjo daxk }eft% sucb fs xbo f`dedxt xk pofh xbodp k}}kaoax% xk hoxocx
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 6< kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 8>26
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lpkj xbodp k}}kaoaxs `oxxdan `obf|dkp% lpkj xbodp xkao kl |kdco% lpkj xbodp pofcxdkas% ~boxbop kp
akx xbot bf|o f nkkh bfah! Dh! 8096*8!
Hp! Boo` k}daoh xbfx }kgop hdllops lpkj kxbop lkpjs kl nfj`edan% sucb fs s}kpxs `oxxdan%
`ocfuso xbo }eftop cfa poet ka sk}bdsxdcfxoh sgdees xk cbfano xbo kuxckjo kl xbo nfjo! Dh! 8496>*
0=!
WXZbo }eftop da f }kgop nfjo ds jfgdan fee kl xbo hocdsdkas% jfgdan fee xbo }efts%~bdcb daceuho ~boxbop kp akx xk ~fnop ka f }fpxdcuefp bfah fah bk~ jucb! Fah%da lfcx% xbo fcx kl ~fnopdan dxsoel ds xbo ossoaco kl xbo hocdsdka! Sk da kao soaso daf nfj`eo k|op fat kxbop jocbfadsj% ~boxbop dx ~fs f `ox ka f `fso`fee nfjo kp f`ox ka xbo pkee kl xbo hdco% xbo ~fnop dxsoel ds ckj}eoxoet daho}oahoax kl xbo o|oax`odan ~fnopoh ka! ^bopofs% da }kgop% xbo ~fnop ds akx da xbo sfjo soaso f ~fnop
ka xbo kuxckjo! Dx ds xbo sxpfxondc cbkdco xbfx tku fpo jfgdan! Tku fpo xptdan xkdaleuoaco xbo kuxckjo kl xbo nfjo% odxbop `t xbo fjkuax xbfx tku fpo ~fnopdan%xptdan xk `udeh u} fah ~da jkpo jkaot!
Dh! 84906 ?=92!
Fcckphdan xk Hp! Boo`% jfat }ok}eo jfgo f ed|dan }eftdan }kgop fah ~da ckasdsxoaxet
k|op xdjo ~bopofs dx ds dj}kssd`eo xk jfgo f ed|dan fah xk ~da ckasdsxoaxet }eftdan cfsdak
nfjos sucb fs pkueoxxo ~bopo cbfaco }pohkjdafxos! Hol! Or}opx Po}kpx fx 66! Xbds lfcx fekao
~fs fa daho}oahoax lkuahfxdka lkp bds k}dadka xbfx sgdee }pohkjdafxos k|op cbfaco da }kgop! Dh!
Fs sbk~a da Ldnupo 6 `oek~% }po}fpoh `t Hp! Boo`% xbo xoa jksx }pkldcdoax }eftops ofpa
hpfjfxdcfeet jkpo jkaot xbfa xbo xoa eofsx }pkldcdoax }eftops k|op xbo ckupso kl f tofp! Xbo
jksx sgdeelue }pklossdkafes ofpa xbo sfjo coeosxdfe sfefpdos fs }pklossdkafe `fee }eftops!
Xbo or}opx lkp xbo nk|opajoax% Hp! HoPksf% hojkasxpfxohfah Hp! Boo` ckacohoh
xbfx f ldnupo sdjdefp xk Ldnupo 6 ckueh `o k`xfdaoh `t cbfaco xkssos kl f ckda! Soo ]fpx
DDF$@$3$`$% dalpf7 Nk|x Po}et Eoxxop fx 3! @ux% ~bdeo Hp! Boo` sbk~oh xbfx xbo sfjo }kgop
}eftops ~kueh ckasdsxoaxet ckjo kux ka xk} da xbo }eft kl f ao~ sox kl juexd}eo bfahs kl }kgop%
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 6> kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 8>20
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62
xbds ckasdsxoact ckueh akx `o hojkasxpfxoh da f ao~ sox kl ckda xkssops `t xbo sfjo xkssops! Soo
]fpx DD"@$"3$"c$% dalpf!
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 62 kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 8>23
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Ldn! 69 ^daadan xbpkunb xdjo "F}pde 0=6= xbpkunb Jfpcb 0=66$ lkp xbo xk} fxoa }eftops da xopjs kl xkxfe hkeefp fjkuaxs ~ka kp eksx fx (?+(6= sxfgos
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 64 kl 60= ]fn
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0=
Fcckphdan xk Hp! Boo`% Ldnupo 6 sbk~s xbfx xbo xoa `osx }eftops ~da ckasdsxoaxet fah
xbfx xboso }eftops cujuefxd|o fjkuaxs ~ka fpo aofpet fe~fts dacpofsdan% o|oa xbkunb xbot
jft bf|o f lo~ eksdan hfts kp ~oogs! Dh! @t ckaxpfsx% xbo xoa ~kpsx }eftops fpo ckasdsxoaxet
eksdan xbpkunbkux xbo tofp! Dh! Bo }ksdxs xbfx WxZbo lfcx xbfx xbo ~daadan }eftops xoah xk ~da
ckasdsxoaxet fah xbo eksdan }eftops xoah xk ekso ckasdsxoaxet hojkasxpfxos xbfx xbopo ds f sgdee
hdllopoaxdfe `ox~ooa xboso npku}s! Dh!
Hp! Boo` fcgak~eohnoh xbfx }kgop fesk da|ke|os fa oeojoax kl cbfaco! Hol! Or}opx
Hfu`opxBpn Xp! ?2960*63! Ka fat nd|oa bfah ! ! ! xbo }pk`f`dedxdos fpo copxfdaet ldadxo!Dh!
}opcoax xk 60 }opcoax lf|kpdxo! ! ! !F! Xbfx skuahs pdnbx!V! Sk ! ! ! xbo ek~op sgdee }eftop }opbf}s hojkasxpfxdan bds efcg kl sgdees
nkos fee da lkp (?== ~dxb bds so|oa houco kll sudx fah xbo bdnbop sgdee }eftop cfeesxbfx! Iusx fs f jfxxop kl }opcoaxfno% xbo ek~op sgdeeoh }eftop bfs f`kux f 60}opcoax cbfaco kl fcxufeet ~daadan xbfx bfah% ckppocx;
F! Fx xbo }kdax xbfx xbot `kxb jfho xbo `ox fah cfeeoh xbo `oWxZ% tos!V! Sk f`kux kao kux kl xoa xdjos% nd|o kp xfgo% da xbfx scoafpdk% xbo ek~op
sgdeeoh }eftop ~dee fcxufeet ~da;F! Xbfxs pdnbx% kao kux kl odnbx fcxufeet!V! ! ! ! Fah fx xbfx }kdax xbo ek~op sgdeeoh }eftop cfa xfgo bds jkaot fah
nk bkjo% pdnbx;F! Xbopos akxbdan xk sxk} f }eftop lpkj vudxxdan% D nuoss!V! Fah xbo lfcx xbfx xbo bdnbop sgdeeoh }eftop ds bdnbop sgdeeoh% hkosax nox
bdj bds jkaot `fcg% pdnbx;F! Xbfxs pdnbx
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 0= kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 8>2?
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00
lpkj daxopaox }kgop% pfxbop xbfa lfco*xk*lfco nfjos% Hp! Boo` ckaceuhoh xbfx xbo hfxf sox
bo cbkso ~fs f}}pk}pdfxo9
Xbo nfjo ds f nfjo kl sgdee da orfcxet xbo sfjo ~ft% ~boxbop dxs }eftoh ed|o kp
}eftoh k|op xbo daxopaox ! ! ! ! Sk jt ckaceusdkas ! ! ! cfppt k|op orfcxet xk ~boaxbo orfcx sfjo nfjo ds }eftoh% ~boxbop dx ds }eftoh da }opska% }eftoh ~dxb cfphs% !! ! kp }eftoh oeocxpkadcfeet k|op xbo daxopaox! Xbo kaet hdllopoaco `ox~ooa }eftdaned|o fah }eftdan da }opska ds xbfx xbo ed|o nfjo `pdans da skjo fhhdxdkafe oeojoaxskl sgdee ~bdcb fpo akx f|fdef`eo xk xbo daxopaox }eftop!
Hol! Or}opxHfu`opxBpn Xp! 86963*08! _sdan xbds sdyf`eo hfxf sox% Hp! Boo` ckahucxoh x~k
hdllopoax fafetsos xk o|feufxo xbo poefxd|o ollocx kl sgdee fah eucg ka }eftops succoss pfxo da
}kgop!
Ldpsx% bo ekkgoh fx ~boxbop f }eftops f|opfno ~da pfxo ka fee kxbop bfahs ~fs }pohdcxd|o
kl xbodp succoss da f }fpxdcuefp gdah kl bfahlkp orfj}eo% f Gdan fah f Adao da hdllopoax sudxs
xbo Gdan Adao bfah$! Dh! 00968 0393! Bo hd|dhoh }eftops daxk x~k npku}s9 xbkso ~bkso
succoss pfxo ~fs f`k|o xbo johdfa% fah xbkso ~bkso succoss pfxo ~fs `oek~ xbo johdfa! Dh!
08963*00! ]eftops ~bkso succoss pfxo ~fs f`k|o xbo johdfa ~opo jkpo succosslue ~dxb xbo Gdan
Adao bfah xbfa }eftops ~bkso succoss pfxo ~fs `oek~ xbo johdfa! Dh! 08903 0?93! Fs
sujjfpdyoh da Ldnupos 0 fah 3% jkpo bdnbet sgdeeoh }eftops ~ka jkpokp eksx eossxbfa ek~op*
sgdeeoh }eftops ~boa hofex xbo sfjo bfah!
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 00 kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 8>2>
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03
Ldn!09^dapfxockj}fpdska9VuooaIfcgsudxoh"o!n!VI$
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 03 kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 8>22
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08
Ldn! 39 ^da pfxo ckj}fpdska9 Gdan Adao kllsudx "o!n! G 4$
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 08 kl 60= ]fn
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Hp! Boo` ckaceuhoh xbfx f }eftops sgdee bfh f sxfxdsxdcfeet sdnadldcfax ollocx ka xbo
fjkuax kl jkaot ~ka kp eksx da f }fpxdcuefp bfah da }kgop! Dh! 0?96?*647 04=
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0>
Ldn!89F|opfno~da
pfxolkp}eftopsklhdllopoax}po
hdcxohsgdee%lkp(?+(6=sxfgos}eftopsdaxbofafetsdsnpku}
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 0> kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 8>40
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3=
Hp! Boo` xosxdldoh xbfx xbds auj`op kl bfahs ds vudxo pofskaf`et }eftoh da f poefxd|oet sbkpx
fjkuax kl xdjo `t }eftops xbfx fpo }eftdan }kgop sopdkuset fah xbfx k|op f ekanop }opdkh kl
xdjo% sgdee }pohkjdafxos o|oa jkpo! Dh! 38964*037soo fesk Nk|x Or}opxHfu`opxBpn Xp!
40900 4392 4= }opcoax kl xbo xdjo xbo xk} bfel Wda f (6+(0 nfjo%soo Ldn! 4?
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30
@ocfuso sk lo~ }eftops ~da jkaot% bo ckaxoahoh% sgdee cfaakx }pohkjdafxo k|op eucg da }kgop!
Soo Nk|x Or}opxHfu`opxBpn Xp! 49>*6> D nk da ~dxb f copxfda fjkuax kl jkaot% fah D eof|o
~dxb jkpo jkaot! Fah dl D hka.x hk xbfx% D fj f eksop! D.j f eksop! Sk f ekx kl xbds pfagdan sxull ds
dppoeo|fax `ocfuso sgdee sbkueh `o ~daadan jkaot! Fah fs D pofh xbo po}kpx fah fs D pofh Hp!
Boo`.s xosxdjkat% }pk`f`et 4? }opcoax kl xbo }ok}eo ~bk }eft xbds kaedao }kgop ekso jkaot sk D
hka.x uahopsxfah ~bopo xbo sgdee ds! Bk~ ckueh dx `o sgdeelue }eftdan dl tku.po eksdan jkaot; Fah
D hka.x ckasdhop dx sgdee dl tku ekso eoss jkaot xbfa xbo ualkpxuafxo loeek~ ~bk eksx jkpo
jkaot!$7 dh! 0890? 0?9? @ux xbo kxbop sxpdgdan xbdan xbfx D lkuah ~fs xbo dhof xbfx 4? }opcoax
kl xboso }ok}eo ekso jkaot! Sk lkp 4? }opcoax ** fcckphdan xk xbo po}kpx xbfx D pofh! Xbfx ~da pfxo
ds f aonfxd|o auj`op sk 4? }opcoax kl xboj ekso jkaot! Sk% Tkup Bkakp% dsa.x xboa }kgop f nfjo
kl cbfaco% akx sgdee% iusx ka xbfx fekao;$!
Sockah% Hp! HoPksf hdsfnpooh ~dxb Hp! Boo`s uso kl cujuefxd|o hfxfd!o!% bds
orfjdafxdka kl posuexs k|op f efpno auj`op kl bfahsxk o|feufxo ~boxbop sgdeeoh }eftops
kux}oplkpj uasgdeeoh }eftops! Hp! HoPksf dasxofh sxfxoh xbfx xbo poeo|fax lpfjo kl polopoaco lkp
hoxopjdadan ~boxbop sgdee kp cbfaco }pohkjdafxos ds f sdaneo bfah! Nk|x Or}opxHfu`opxBpn
Xp! 0>960*62 WXZbopo.s ak povudpojoax xbfx tku bf|o xk }eft lkpo|op! Dx.s akx edgo f nfjo kl nkel
~bopo tku bf|o xk }eft fee 62 bkeos! Dx.s akx edgo f nfjo kl xoaads ~bopo tku bf|o xk }eft xbpoo
soxs! Tku cfa hpk} kux fat xdjo tku ~fax! Sk xbo lfcx xbfx dl tku }eft kao bfah cbfaco ds xbo
jfxopdfe hocdhop% D ~kueh sft xbfx sfts dx pdnbx xbopo!$!
WAZk jfxxop bk~ ekan f }eftop sdxs fx f xf`eo% xbo }pk`f`dedxt kl pocod|dan fatnd|oa bfah ds xbo sfjo ka xbo aorx bfah `olkpo xbo cfphs fpo hofex fs dx ~fs lkpo|opt kxbop bfah da xbo nfjo! Xbds ds pojdadscoax kl f lfjkus }fpfhdnj lpkj`fsdc }pk`f`dedxt xbokpt! Dl poh bfs ckjo u} 0= xdjos da f pk~ da pkueoxxo% dx hkosakx jofa xbfx `efcg ds huo! Xbo }pk`f`dedxt kl noxxdan poh kp `efcg kp npooa$~dxb ofcb s}da kl xbo ~booe ds daho}oahoax kl }pdkp bdsxkpt! Lpkj xbds }kdax kl|do~% Hp! Boo`s fafetsds kl ekan*xopj posuexs ds kl edjdxoh |feuo ! ! ! !
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 30 kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 8>4>
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Nk|x Or}opx Po}kpx fx 6=7soo fesk Nk|x Po}et Eoxxop fx 0*3! Jkpok|op% bo fpnuoh% ~dxbkux
daho}oahoax lfcxufe su}}kpx% xbfx xbo auj`op kl bfahs povudpoh lkp sgdee xk }pohkjdafxo k|op
cbfaco da }kgop xk f pofskaf`eo honpoo kl sxfxdsxdcfe ckaldhoaco orcoohoh xbo auj`op }eftoh `t
fa f|opfno }eftop! Lkp orfj}eo% fs sbk~a da Ldnupo 42
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Ldn!
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3?
Fssujdan fa f|opfno kl 3= bfahs }op bkup% f }eftop ~kueh bf|o xk }eft jkpo xbfa 8
~dxb ak `pofgs xk pofcb xbfx auj`op kl bfahs! Nk|x Or}opx Po}kpx fx 4!
Xbdph% Hp! HoPksf fpnuoh xbfx xbo }posoaco kl }opsdsxoax ~daaops fah eksops% fs deeusxpfxoh
`t Hp! Boo`s cbfpx sbk~a fs Ldnupo 6%su}pf$ hkos akx }pk|o xbfx sgdee }pohkjdafxos k|op
cbfaco da }kgop% `ocfuso }opsdsxoax ~daaops fah eksops soeocxoh flxop xbo lfcx$ posuex akpjfeet
lpkj pfahkj cbfaco |fpdfxdka!Dh! fx 66!
Dl kao ~opo xk cbfpx xbo }oplkpjfaco kl }eftops da|ke|oh da f nfjo ~bksokuxckjo ~fs hoxopjdaoh `t }upoet `t cbfaco% kao jdnbx or}ocx xk soo sdjdefp
posuexs! Skjo }eftops fpo sooaflxop xbo lfcxxk bf|o ckasdsxoaxet ~ka! Xbdshkos akx }pk|o kp hds}pk|o xbfx xbodp ~daadan ~fs f posuex kl sgdee!
Dh! fx 60! Xk hojkasxpfxo xbds }kdax% Hp! HoPksf pfa f sdjuefxdka xbfx }pkhucoh posuexs sdjdefp xk
bf|dan 6%=== }eftops ofcb led} f ckda 6==%=== xdjos! Dh! Fs ~dxb f ckda led}% ofcb }eftop bfh fa
ovufe cbfaco kl odxbop ~daadan kp eksdan fa ovufe fjkuax kl jkaot ka fat nd|oa xpdfe! Dh! Fs
sbk~a `oek~ da Ldnupo >% bds posuexs f}}ofp sxpdgdanet sdjdefp xk xbkso kl Hp! Boo` da Ldnupo 6!
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 3? kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 82==
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Fcckphdan xk Hp! HoPksf% WxZbds or}opdjoax sbk~s xbfx da f nfjo kl }upo cbfaco% da xbo ekan
pua% xbo xk} ~daaops orbd`dx xbo `obf|dkp kl }opsdsxoaxet ~daadan ~bdeo xbo xk} eksops f}}ofp xk `o
ckasdsxoaxet eksdan! Nk|x Or}opx Po}kpx fx 637soo fesk Nk|x Po}et Eoxxop fx 3*87 Ldnupo 6 fah
fcckj}fatdan xorx%su}pf!
Ldafeet% Hp! HoPksf vuosxdkaoh xbo |fedhdxt kl Hp! Boo`s hfxf sox% fs ~oee fs bds
joxbkhkeknt! Sdaco xbo hfxf cfjo lpkj fa kaedao }kgop ~o`sdxo% Hp! HoPksf ~fs ckacopaoh
xbfx dx jdnbx akx po}posoax pofe bfahs }eftoh `t pofe }eftops fah jdnbx daceuho lfeso hfxf }kdaxs
po}posoaxdan dasxfacos da ~bdcb ed|o }eftops~bk jft bf|o `oedo|oh xbfx xbot ~opo }eftdan
fnfdasx fakxbop% sdjdefpet*sdxufxoh }opska~opo }eftdan fnfdasx odxbop f ckj}uxop kp f
ckalohopfxo kl xbo nfjdan ckj}fat! Soo dh! fx 6>7 Nk|x Or}opxHfu`opxBpn 309?*6=7 >3900
>890=7soo fesk Nk|x Po}et Eoxxop fx 6= Dx sbkueh `o akxoh xbfx Hp! Boo` fhjdxxoh xbfx bo
ao|op }oplkpjoh fat xosx xk hoxopjdao ~boxbop }eftops ~opo ckeeuhdan kp bfh jkpo dalkpjfxdka
xbfa xbot sbkueh bf|o bfh sucb fs gak~dan ~bfx xbo ckjjuadxt cfphs ~kueh `o `olkpo xbot
~opo hofex$! Da f nfjo `fsoh ka dj}oplocx dalkpjfxdka% gak~eohno kl o|oa f sdaneo cfph%
~boxbop boeh `t fa k}}kaoax kp daceuhoh da xbo ckjjuadxt cfphsW%Z ~kueh `o jfssd|oet
|feuf`eo!$! Bo fesk vuosxdkaoh Hp! Boo`s hocdsdka xk cfxonkpdyo W}Zeftops ~dxb xkk lo~ bfahs
}eftoh xk cfecuefxo sxfxdsxdcs lkp fee xbo |fpdkus bfah fah }ksdxdka ckj`dafxdkas fs xbo ek~osx
sgdee eo|oe da bds fafetsds kl ~boxbop sgdeeoh }eftops }eftoh }fpxdcuefp bfahs `oxxop xbfa uasgdeeoh
}eftops! Hol! Or}opx Po}kpx fx 3< a!>! Fcckphdan xk Hp! HoPksf9
Xboso }eftops ckueh `o sgdeeoh }eftops ~bk kaet }eftoh f lo~ ! ! ! bfahs fahxboa vudx `ocfuso xbot ~opo eksdan! ! ! ! Xbo fssuj}xdka ! ! ! ckueh cfuso f soel*sop|dan `dfs da Hp! Boo`s fafetsds! F }eftop kaet }efts f lo~ bfahs `ocfuso boeksos! Bo ds xboa fssujoh xk `o uasgdeeoh fah xbopolkpo xbo or}ocxoh ekss kluasgdeeoh }eftops dacpofsos!
Nk|x Or}opx Po}kpx fx 6
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 3> kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 82=0
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Hp! HoPksf ckaceuhoh xbfx Hp! Boo` bfs akx }pk|oa xbfx sgdee }pohkjdafxos k|op cbfaco
da }kgop! Nk|x Or}opx Po}kpx fx 3! Bo hdh akx hdscuss Hp! Boo`s fafetsds kl xbo poefxd|o
}oplkpjfaco kl sgdeeoh |opsus uasgdeeoh }eftops da }eftdan xbo sfjo bfah! Soo Ldn! 0*3%su}pf%
fah fcckj}fatdan xorx!
c! Holoaso Or}opxs Su}}eojoaxfe Po}kpx
Lkeek~dan xbo Funusx 6=% 0=60Hfu`opxbofpdan% Hp! Boo` su`jdxxoh f su}}eojoaxfe
or}opx po}kpx pos}kahdan xk Hp! HoPksfs cpdxdvuos fah }pk|dhdan fhhdxdkafe su}}kpx lkp bds
ckaceusdka xbfx sgdee }pohkjdafxos k|op cbfaco da }kgop! Soo noaopfeet Hol! Or}opx Su}}!
Po}kpx!
Ldpsx% Hp! Boo` fpnuoh xbfx bds holdadxdka kl sgdee% fah bds o|feufxdka kl poefxd|o sgdee
eo|oes% ~fs f}}pk}pdfxo! Bo ckacohoh xbfx kaet 6= }opcoax xk 0= }opcoax kl xbo }eftops da fat
nd|oa nfjo fpo nkkh oakunb xk ~da ckasdsxoaxet ! ! ! ! Fah xbfx.s po}posoaxoh `t xbo xk} < xk 2
}opcoax kl }eftops ka Ldnupo 8%su}pf! Nk|x Or}opx Hfu`opx Bpn Xp! 2
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k|op xbo ckupso kl f tofp! ^boa xbo pfgo ds fhhoh `fcg% 3>/ kl }eftops bf|o f }ksdxd|o }pkldx% fs
sbk~a da Ldnupo 2! Fs `olkpo% ~da pfxo ds cfecuefxoh fs lpfcxdka kl xbo `dn `edah ~ka }op bfah% ka
f|opfno!
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 34 kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 82=8
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3=/ kl }eftops% 22/ fpo fbofh flxop iusx 08= bfahs! Jkpo xbfa 4=/ fpo fbofhflxop iusx 3== bfahs!
Xbds auj`op kl bfahs cfa ofsdet `o }eftoh da f sdaneo sossdka kl }kgop%o|oa `t cfsufe }eftops da f skcdfe nfjo! ! ! ! F sopdkus }kgop }eftop% o|oa fafjfxoup% cfa ofsdet }eft xbkusfahs kl bfahs f jkaxb da ed|o }eft!
Dh! fx 3*8! Soo fesk Nk|x Or}opxHfu`opxBpn Xp! >2900 >4900 Hp! Boo`9 ! ! ! WDZl D ekkg k|op
f efpno auj`op kl }efts% f efpno auj`op kl f sxfxdsxdcfe sfj}eo% ~bfx D eofpa lpkj xbo sfj}eo flxop
oakunb k`sop|fxdkas ds fp`dxpfpdet cekso xk xbo f`skeuxo xpuxb! Fah dx.s iusx f vuosxdka kl bk~
jfat tku bf|o xk ekkg fx xk gak~ ~bfx xbo xpuo uahopetdan hdsxpd`uxdka kp fat uahopetdan
sxfxdsxdc ~kueh `o! Sk ho}oahdan ka bk~ ceksoet tku ~fax xk gak~ xbo xpuxb% tku jft bf|o xk
ekkg fx jkpo fah jkpo ** f efpnop fah efpnop sfj}eo% jkpo fah jkpo k`sop|fxdkas! @ux xbo
uahopetdan xpuxb bfsa.x o|op cbfanoh! Sk ~o.po xptdan xk hoxocx ~boxbop kp akx xbds ds f nfjo kl
sgdee ~dxb f honpoo kl }pocdsdka ! ! ! ! Flxop oakunb dalkpjfxdka% ~o cfa hoxopjdao xbfx xbo
}pk`f`dedxt kl }eftops noxxdan hdllopoax posuexs% xbo sgdeelue }eftops. `oxxop posuexs% xbo eoss sgdeelue
}eftops. eoss succosslue posuexs% xbo }pk`f`dedxt kl xbfx bf}}oadan `t fatxbdan kxbop xbfa f
hdllopoaco da sgdee `ox~ooa xbo }eftops `ockjos ! ! ! sjfeeop fah sjfeeop xbo jkpo k`sop|fxdkas ka
xbo hfxf% xbo jkpo bfahs xbfx ~o }eft! Dx.s sxdee f nfjo kl sgdee o|oa ka kao bfah! @ux xk sft xbfx
~o bf|o sbk~a xbfx ~dxb sxfxdsxdcfe copxfdaxt povudpos jkpo fah jkpo dalkpjfxdka xbo jkpo
}pocdsoet ~o ~fax xk jofsupo dx!$7soo dh! >>90= >29< Hp! Boo`9 Xbo ~ft xbfx D ~kueh xbdag
f`kux dx ds xbfx xbo vuosxdka ds ~boxbop kp akx xbo nfjo ds f nfjo kl sgdee! Bk~ jfat bfahs hk
tku aooh xk ekkg fx da kphop xk hdscopa xbfx ~dxb sxfxdsxdcfe copxfdaxt; F jkpo lfjdedfp orfj}eo
jdnbx `o `fso`fee! Kao }dxcb da `fso`fee ds f sgdeelue o|oax% `kxb sgdeelue `t xbo }dxcbop fah
sgdeelue `t xbo bdxxop! Dl tku ~faxoh xk hojkasxpfxo xbfx sgdee% tku ~kueh ekkg fx f ekx kl }dxcbos%
nfjos% lkp xbo sofska! Fah `fsoh ka f sxfxdsxdcfe fafetsds kl f ekx kl o|oaxs% tku ~kueh `o f`eo xk
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 80 kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 82=>
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Fs xbo }pk}op hupfxdka kl f xosx kl xbo lpfcxdka kl sgdee fah cbfaco da fat nfjo jusx `o f
luacxdka kl xbo nfjo dxsoel% Hp! Boo` cbkso so|opfe `oacbjfpgs xbfx ~opo po}posoaxfxd|o kl
hdllopoax gdahs kl nfjo }eft% pfandan lpkj f skcdfe nfjo xk xbo ~kpeh cbfj}dkasbd} ckaxosx!
Fa odnbx bkup }kgop sossdka% xt}dcfe kl skjo skcdfe nfjos% ~kueh da|ke|o f`kux08= bfahs% sdaco da fa bkup kl ed|o }eft% }eftops ~dee }eft f`kux 3= bfahs! Fxt}dcfe }kgop hft fx f }kgop xkupafjoax ~kueh efsx xoa bkups% orceuhdan `pofgs%fah da|ke|o f`kux 3== bfahs! O|oaxs fx xbo ^kpeh Sopdos kl ]kgop efsx xbpoo% xoa*bkup hfts% lkp f xkxfe kl f`kux 4== bfahs kl }eft! Xbo ~daaop kl xbo ^kpeh Sopdoskl ]kgops jfda o|oax ds ~dhoet pocknadyoh fs xbo ~kpeh cbfj}dka! Xbfx o|oax dsckahucxoh k|op xoa hfts% sk xbo }kgop ^kpeh Cbfj}dka ds cpk~aoh flxop f`kux3%=== bfahs!
Dh! fx 4! Xbo lkpjuef poedoh u}ka `t Hp! Boo` ds fs lkeek~s9
]^B$ : ]S ) ]^S%B$ ' ]C ) ]^C%B$: ]S ) ]^S%B$ ' 6*]S$ ) ]^C%B$: ]S ) 6 ' 6*]S$ ) =!?: =!? ' =!?]S
^bopo9]^B$ : ]pk`f`dedxt kl ^daadan lkp xbo Bdnb Sgdee ]eftop]S : ]kpxdka kl xbo Nfjo Ckaxpd`uxoh @t Sgdee]C : ]kpxdka kl xbo Nfjo Ckaxpd`uxoh @t Cbfaco]^S%B$ : ]pk`f`dedxt kl ^daadan dl Sgdee ds Hocdsd|o% lkp xbo Bdnb Sgdee
]eftop]^C%B$ : ]pk`f`dedxt kl ^daadan dl Cbfaco ds Hocdsd|o% lkp xbo Bdnb
Sgdee ]eftop
Dh! fx 2!
_sdan xbds lkpjuef% bo ckj}fpoh xbo }oplkpjfaco kl xbo xk} 6=/ kl }eftops xk xbo `kxxkj
3=/ kl }eftops da f (?+(6= sxfgo nfjo% fah xbo }oplkpjfaco kl xbo xk} ?=/ kl }eftops xk xbo
`kxxkj ?=/ kl }eftops `fsoh u}ka (6+(0 sxfgos% fx xboso `oacbjfpgs! Dh! fx 6=! Da fs lo~ fs
08= bfahs% sgdee fcckuaxoh lkp jkpo xbfa ?=/ kl xbo kuxckjo da xbo nfjos!
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 88 kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 82=4
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Ldn! 49 Ckaxpd`uxdka kl sgdee xk }kgop
Hp! Boo` k}daoh% WXZbo f`k|o fafetsds osxf`edsbos xbfx sgdee da }kgop }pohkjdafxos k|op cbfaco
k|op~boejdanet% `fsoh ka f sxfahfph kl 3%=== bfahs kl }eft! Dl xbo Ckupx ~opo xk pueo usdan f
`oacbjfpg da|ke|dan lo~op bfahs kl }eft% uahop fee `oacbjfpgs }pk}ksoh f`k|o% }kgop ds f
nfjo da ~bdcb sgdee }pohkjdafxos k|op cbfaco! Dh! Xbo nk|opajoax ckaxosxs xbo ckaceusdkas
Hp! Boo` hpf~s lpkj xbds cbfpx% `ux akx xbo cfecuefxdkas xbojsoe|os! Soo Nk|x Po}et Eoxxop fx 2*
6=!
8! Kxbop O|dhoaco
F auj`op kl kxbop sxuhdos ~opo }pk}opet poedoh ka `t xbo holoahfax ~dxbkux k`iocxdka%
}pk|dhdan fhhdxdkafe oj}dpdcfe su}}kpx lkp xbo lfcx xbfx sgdee hoxopjdaos xbo kuxckjo da }kgop!
Soo Loh! P! O|dh! >=3 "Dl or}opxs da xbo }fpxdcuefp ldoeh ~kueh pofskaf`et poet ka xbkso gdahs kl
lfcxs kp hfxf da lkpjdan fa k}dadka ka xbo su`iocx% xbot aooh akx `o fhjdssd`eo lkp xbo k}dadka xk
`o fhjdxxoh!$!
Kao sxuht lkuah% da fa fafetsds kl 6=3 jdeedka bfahs kl Xorfs Bkehoj }kgop% xbfx
so|oaxt*ld|o }opcoax kl }kgop bfahs ckaceuho ~boa kao }eftop `oxs fah dahucos bds k}}kaoaxs xk
"(?+(6= nfjo$
"(6+(0 nfjo$
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 8? kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 826=
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84
kxbop nfjo da ~bdcb f }eftop nd|os fatxbdan kl |feuo da xbo bk}o kl nfda% xbo kuxckjo kl ~bdcb
ds hoxopjdaoh efpnoet `t cbfaco% `ux hkos akx daceuho `dank!$7 Dhfbk Ckho 62*32=6 holdadan
nfj`edan fs daceuhdan }kgop fah orceuhdan W`Zkaf ldho ckaxosxs kl sgdee% s}ooh% sxpoanxb kp
oahupfaco da ~bdcb f~fphs fpo jfho kaet xk oaxpfaxs kp xbo k~aops kl oaxpfaxs$7 Dk~f Ckho
44@!66 F }kgop% `efcgifcg% cpf}s% goak% kp pkueoxxo ckaxosx% eofnuo% kp xkupafjoax sbfee akx `o
ckasdhopoh f `kaf ldho ckaxosx kl sgdee oroj}x lpkj nfj`edan edcoaso povudpojoaxs7 WcZpd``fno%
`pdhno% cboss% cbocgops% hkjdakos% }dakcbeo fah sdjdefp ckaxosxs% eofnuos kp xkupafjoaxs fpo
oroj}xoh!$7 Kgef! Sxfx! xdx! 06 486 Orco}x fs }pk|dhoh da xbo Kgefbkjf Cbfpdxt Nfjos Fcx%
o|opt }opska ~bk k}oas% kp cfusos xk `o k}oaoh% kp ~bk ckahucxs% ~boxbop lkp bdpo kp akx% kp
cfppdos ka ! ! ! }kgop ! ! ! lkp jkaot% cbocgs% cpohdxs% kp fat po}posoaxfxd|os kl |feuo% kp ~bk odxbop
fs k~aop kp oj}ektoo% ~boxbop lkp bdpo kp akx% hofes lkp xbkso oanfnoh da fat sucb nfjo% sbfee
`o nudext kl k}oadan% ckahucxdan kp cfpptdan ka nfj`edan nfjo!$7 Xoaa! Ckho Faa! 34*6>*
?=6% Soaxoacdan Ckjjdssdka Ckjjoaxs Xbo holdadxdka kl nfj`edan daceuhos ! ! ! }kgop!$7 cl!
Cfe! ]oafe Ckho 33>io$ daceuhdan }kgop da xbo holdadxdka kl f ckaxpkeeoh nfjo ~bdcb ds
uaef~lue xk k}opfxo ~dxbkux f edcoaso orco}x ~boa }eftoh da }pd|fxo bkjos kp posdhoacos% da
~bdcb ak }opska jfgos jkaot lkp k}opfxdan xbo nfjo% orco}x fs f }eftop$! Kxbops dj}edcdxet
daceuho }kgop da xbodp holdadxdka kl nfj`edan! Soo Lef! Sxfx! 284!=2 * 284!=2?0$f$
}pkbd`dxdan fat nfjo fx cfphs% goak% pkueoxxo% lfpk kp kxbop nfjo kl cbfaco% fx fat }efco% `t
fat ho|dco ~bfxo|op% lkp jkaot kp kxbop xbdan kl |feuo `ux sxfxdan xbfx nfj`edan ka }kgop ds akx
f cpdjo ~boa }eftoh lkp }oaat faxo$7 dh! 284!=2?=!368
jfgdan dx uaef~lue lkp fat }opska `t }eftdan fx cfphs ! ! ! kp `t `oxxdan kp }uxxdan u} jkaot ka
cfphs ! ! ! WxkZ ~da kp k`xfda fat suj kl jkaot kp fat nkkhs$!
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 84 kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 8268
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Sxfxo ckupxs ~bdcb bf|o pueoh ka xbo dssuo fpo hd|dhoh fs xk ~boxbop }kgop ckasxdxuxos f
nfjo kl sgdee% f nfjo kl cbfaco% kp f jdrxupo kl xbo x~k! Soo Cf`kx , Bfaauj%su}pf% fx 8?$ ua}u`edsboh$ flldpjdan hocdsdka xbfx }kgop ds f nfjo kl
cbfaco$7Dahkkp Pocpofxdka Oaxop}pdsos% Dac! |! Hkunefs% 03? A!^!0h 342% 8=6 Ao`! 64>?$
bkehdan xbfx }kgop fah `pdhno fpo }pohkjdafxoet nfjos kl cbfaco$7Ikgop Ceu`% E!E!C! |!
Bfphda% 6$ sfjo$7 fah]]F Jkx! lkp
Eof|o xk Ldeo fa Fjdcus @p! Or! O Xk~a kl Jkuax ]eofsfax |! Cbdjoaxk% Ak! 42=8?H@ Jx!
]eofsfax S!C!$ Juad! Cx! Lo`! 64% 0==4$% Hkc! Oaxpt >8% Iuet 3% 0=60 sxfxdan xbfx }kgop ds f
nfjo kl sgdee `ux ao|opxboeoss ldahdan holoahfaxs nudext kl f sxfxo nfj`edan klloaso sdaco xbfx
cpdxopdf ~fs akx ceofpet poeo|fax xk sxfxo ef~ holdadxdka kl nfj`edan$% f}}ofe ldeoh%Ak! 0==4*C]*
6=*==6??6 S!C! Cx! F}}! Kcx! 6% 0==4$! Cl! Sxfxo |! Ckfxs% >8 ]!0h 66=0 Kp! 6432$ ]kgop%
~boa }eftoh lkp jkaot% ds f nfj`edan nfjo% `ux% sdaco dx da|ke|os f su`sxfaxdfe fjkuax kl sgdee
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno ?= kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 826?
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fah iuhnjoax% dx cfaakx pofskaf`et `o ckaxoahoh xbfx dx ds f ekxxopt!$! @ux soo Hol!s Eoxxop
Po}et xk Nk|x Fun! 6>% 0=60 Eoxxop 6% Hkc! Oaxpt 6=2% Fun! 0=% 0=60 cdxdan lkpodna cfsos
ldahdan xbfx }kgop ds f nfjo kl sgdee$!
Jfat sxfxos ~bdcb hk akx or}edcdxet daceuho }kgop da xbodp holdadxdka kl nfj`edan bf|o
ao|opxboeoss lkuah xbfx }kgop ds nfj`edan! Soo% o!n!% Nfppoxx% 4== bkehdan xbfx
}kgop ds ck|opoh `t f sxfxo nfj`edan sxfxuxo$7 Sxfxo |! Hucd% >0> ]!0h 36 a!? 0h Cdp! 644=$ Xbo nfjos kl cbfaco xbfx Ckaaocxdcux }opjdxs fx xbo Efs
\onfs adnbxs daceuho `efcgifcg% }kgop% hdco% jkaot*~booes% pkueoxxo% `fccfpfx% cbucg*f*eucg%
}fa nfjo% k|op fah uahop% bkpso pfco nfjos% fcot*hucot% `ofx xbo hofeop% fah `kuacdan `fee!$7
]opcdldoeh |! _adxoh Sxfxos% 086 L!0h 00?% 00< 4xb Cdp! 64?>$ WFZ}}oeefax k}opfxoh f nfj`edan
cfsdak fx Pfanoet% Ckekpfhk% gak~a fs xbo Fco*Bdnb Ceu`! Xbds ckaxfdaoh f `fp% f ekuano% f
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno ?6 kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 826
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|dhok |opsdka! Da |dhok }kgop xbopo ds ak pfdsdan% ak `eulldan% ak jkaot jfafnojoax sgdees! Xbo
}eftops kaet sgdee ds xk pocknadyo }kssd`eo ckj`dafxdkas fah `fsdc sxfxdsxdcfe }pk`f`dedxdos! ! ! !
O|oa f }eftop ~dxb jdadjfe or}opdoaco cfa hdscfph xbo eofsx hosdpf`eo cfphs fah poxfda xbkso
cfphs ~bdcb }pk|dho xbo npofxosx edgoedbkkh lkp f ~daadan ckj`dafxdka% `ux xbo cfphs hpf~a fpo
}pkhucoh fx pfahkj fah kaet cbfaco hoxopjdaos ~boxbop f }eftop ~das kp eksos! Lupxbopjkpo%
o|oa xbds edjdxoh sgdee oeojoax ds ckuaxopoh da xbo ekan pua `t ~bfx ds cfeeoh f poxoaxdka pfxdk!
K|op xdjo xbo |dhok }kgop jfcbdao ds }pknpfjjoh xk poxfda f sox }opcoaxfno kl fee cpohdxs
}eftoh% sk xbfx k|op xbo ekan bfue o|oa xbo fsxuxo }eftop cfaakx holofx xbo poxoaxdka pfxdk!$!
_aedgo ed|o }kgop kp daxopaox }kgop% |dhok }kgop ds bkuso*`fagoh7 }eftops }eft fnfdasx xbo
jfcbdao xbo bkuso$ pfxbop xbfa kxbop }eftops!
C! O|dhoaco fx Xpdfe
Xbo ossoaxdfe lfcxs kl xbo cfso fpo efpnoet uahds}uxoh! Xbo holoahfax% da }fpxaopsbd} ~dxb
x~k kxbops% k}opfxoh f }kgop ceu` da xbo `fcg pkkj kl f ~fpobkuso kux kl ~bdcb bo ckahucxoh f
eondxdjfxo `usdaoss soeedan oeocxpdc `dctceos! Xp! kl Xpdfe 0>>960 026964 Xosxdjkat kl Ifcog
Jocgoe`opn$% Iuet 6=% 0=60! Nfjos ~opo noaopfeet boeh ka Jkahfts fah Xbupshfts%soo% o!n!
Xp! kl Xpdfe 8>94*6= Xosxdjkat kl Ikso}b Nokpno Jkaxoeokao$% Iuet 4% 0=60% fexbkunb xbopo ~fs
skjo o|dhoaco xk sunnosx xbfx xbds scbohueo ~fs akx fhbopoh xk ~dxb luee ponuefpdxt! Xp! kl Xpdfe
3=?92*03 Xosxdjkat kl Ikafxbfa Sohf$% Iuet 6=% 0=60 dahdcfxdan xbfx skjoxdjos xbopo ~opo akx
oakunb }eftops xk nox f }kgop nfjo sxfpxoh$! Nfjos ~opo fh|opxdsoh |df ~kph*kl*jkuxb fah xorx
jossfnos soax xk }kxoaxdfe }fpxdcd}faxs `t xbo }fpxaopsbd}! O!n! dh! *60 Xosxdjkat kl Ikso}b
Nokpno Jkaxoeokao$! Xbo ceu` ckaxfdaoh x~k xf`eos% fx ~bdcb Ak Edjdx Xorfs Bkehoj ~fs
}eftoh! Dh! ?>903 ?296 Xosxdjkat kl Ikso}b Nokpno Jkaxoeokao$! F 6*0 nfjo ~fs }eftoh
fx kao kl xbo xf`eos7 f ?*? nfjo ~fs }eftoh fx xbo kxbop! Dh! Da f ?*? nfjo% kao hosdnafxoh
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno ?3 kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 8262
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?2
Xbo pueo kl eoadxt ds os}ocdfeet f}}pk}pdfxo da ckasxpudan ! ! ! }pohdcfxo klloasos uahop xbo
Pfcgoxoop Daleuoacoh fah Ckppu}x Kpnfadyfxdkas Fcx% 62 _!S!C! 64 642=$$! Dx ds f hkcxpdao kl efsx poskpx! _adxoh Sxfxos |!
Bosckp}% Bof|t Ovud}! Sfeos Ckp}!% 2=6 L!0h >=% >> 0h Cdp!642
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?4
"d$ds f |dkefxdka kl xbo ef~ kl f Sxfxo kp }kedxdcfe su`hd|dsdka da~bdcb dx ds ckahucxoh7
"dd$ da|ke|os ld|o kp jkpo }opskas ~bk ckahucx% ldafaco% jfafno%su}op|dso% hdpocx% kp k~a fee kp }fpx kl sucb `usdaoss7 fah
"ddd$ bfs `ooa kp pojfdas da su`sxfaxdfeet ckaxdaukus k}opfxdka lkp f
}opdkh da orcoss kl xbdpxt hfts kp bfs f npkss po|oauo kl (0%=== da fatsdaneo hft!"0$nfj`edan daceuhos `ux ds akx edjdxoh xk }kke*soeedan% `kkgjfgdan%
jfdaxfdadan sekx jfcbdaos% pkueoxxo ~booes kp hdco xf`eos% fah ckahucxdanekxxopdos% }kedct% `kedxf kp auj`ops nfjos% kp soeedan cbfacos xbopoda!
"3$ Sxfxo jofas fat Sxfxo kl xbo _adxoh Sxfxos% xbo Hdsxpdcx kl Ckeuj`df%xbo Ckjjka~ofexb kl ]uopxk Pdck% fah fat xoppdxkpt kp }kssossdka kl xbo _adxohSxfxos!
! ! !"o$ Xbds socxdka sbfee akx f}}et xk fat `dank nfjo% ekxxopt% kp sdjdefp
nfjo kl cbfaco ckahucxoh `t fa kpnfadyfxdka oroj}x lpkj xfr uahop }fpfnpf}b
3$ kl su`socxdka c$ kl socxdka ?=6 kl xbo Daxopafe Po|oauo Ckho kl 642=% ]u`! E! Ak! 46*8?0% 28 Sxfx! 400 ckhdldoh
da scfxxopoh socxdkas kl xbo _!S!C!$! ^bdeo xbo DN@F hocefpWosZ xbfx copxfda nfj`edan fcxd|dxdos
|dkefxo lohopfe fs ~oee fs sxfxo ef~% Dfaaoeed |! _adxoh Sxfxos% 80= _!S! >>=% >22 64>?$% dx hkos
akx jopoet lohopfedyo sxfxo nfj`edan cpdjos! Da kphop xk pua flkue kl xbo DN@F% xbo holoahfax
jusx k}opfxo fa deeonfe nfj`edan `usdaoss fs holdaoh `t lohopfe ef~! Soo Sfaf`pdf |! _adxoh
Sxfxos% 83> _!S! ?8% >= 64>2$ bkehdan xbfx% fexbkunb f nfj`edan `usdaoss jft |dkefxo
juexd}eo }pk|dsdkas kl sxfxo ef~% xbo feek~f`eo uadx kl }pksocuxdka uahop xbo sxfxuxo lkp xbo
}up}ksos kl hku`eo iok}fpht ds }fpxdcd}fxdka da f }fpxdcuefp nfj`edan `usdaoss$! Xk sbk~ xbfx
xbo holoahfax hdh sk% xbo nk|opajoax jusx }pk|o akx kaet xbfx xbo nfj`edan fcxd|dxdos ckahucxoh
`t xbo `usdaoss |dkefxoh sxfxo ef~% 62 _!S!C! 64??`$6$d$% `ux fesk x~k fhhdxdkafe% uadvuoet
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno ?4 kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 8208
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_!S! fx >= Ckanposs hdh akx
fssdjdefxo sxfxo nfj`edan ef~s}op so daxk xbo lohopfe }oafe ckho% akp hdh dx holdao hdscpoxo fcxs kl
nfj`edan fs daho}oahoax lohopfe klloaso!$! Xboso oeojoaxsxbfx xbo `usdaoss jusx 6$ daceuho
ld|o kp jkpo oj}ektoos% 64??`$6$dd$% fah 0$ `o da k}opfxdka lkp xbdpxt hfts kp ofpa jkpo
xbfa (0%=== da kao hft% 64??`$6$ddd$edjdx xbo pofcb kl xbo sxfxuxo xk oaxop}pdsos kl f
}fpxdcuefp sdyo! Xbus% o|oa dl }kgop ~opo xk ckasxdxuxo nfj`edan uahop xbo DN@F% jksx gdxcboa
xf`eo }kgop nfjos ~kueh akx sfxdslt odxbop kp `kxb kl xboso povudpojoaxs!
Xbo DN@F hkos akx holdao xbo lohopfe ckj}kaoax kl nfj`edan }pocdsoet! Xbkunb nfjos
kl cbfaco pua `t xfr oroj}x kpnfadyfxdkas fpo orceuhoh lpkj }pksocuxdka uahop 64??o$%
64??`$0$ jfgos ak joaxdka kl cbfaco% sgdee% kp fat kxbop cbfpfcxopdsxdc holdadan nfj`edan!
^bdeo dx oaujopfxos f edsx kl fcxd|dxdos xbfx ckasxdxuxo nfj`edan% xbds edsx ds akx orceusd|o! Soo
Kpnfadyoh Cpdjo Ckaxpke9 Bofpdans @olkpo Su`ckjj! Ak! ? kl xbo B! Ckjj! ka xbo Iuhdcdfpt %
46sx
Ckan! 30? a!=$ bopodaflxop Bkuso Iuhdcdfpt Bpns$ Ckjjdxxoo ka Lohopfe
Eondsefxdka% Xbo Fsskcdfxdka kl xbo @fp kl xbo Cdxt kl Ao~ Tkpg% Xbo ]pk}ksoh Kpnfadyoh
Cpdjo Ckaxpke Fcx kl 64=$$ Xbo xopj nfj`edan ds sfdh xk daceuho copxfda
s}ocdldoh fcxd|dxdos ! ! ! ~dxbkux dahdcfxdan ~boxbop xbo edsx ds su}}ksoh xk o fee*daceusd|o!$! Akp
hkos xbo sxfxuxo or}edcdxet sxfxo bk~ xbds edsx kl nfj`edan fcxd|dxdos da su`socxdka `$0$ poefxos xk
xbo cpdjo kl puaadan fa deeonfe `usdaoss fs holdaoh `t su`socxdka `$6$! Poskpx xk xocbadvuos
kxbop xbfa }efda jofadan ds aocossfpt xk hoxopjdao xbo jofadan kl xbo xopj fah dxs poefxdka xk xbo
posx kl xbo sxfxuxo!
0! Hdcxdkafpt Holdadxdkas
Hdcxdkafpt holdadxdkas kl nfj`edan |fpt ~dhoet! Skjo `pkfhet daceuho }eftWdanZ fWatZ
nfjo lkp jkaot kp }pk}opxt! Nfj`eo% Joppdfj*^o`sxop Kaedao Hdcxdkafpt%
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno
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% 604 Fefsgf 64>3$! @ux soo% o!n!% Fpdy! Po|! Sxfx! Faa!
63*33=68$ Nfj`edan kp nfj`eo jofas kao fcx kl pdsgdan kp nd|dan skjoxbdan kl |feuo
lkp xbo k}}kpxuadxt xk k`xfda f `oaoldx lpkj f nfjo kp ckaxosx kl cbfaco kp sgdee kp f luxupo
ckaxdanoax o|oax `ux hkos akx daceuho `kaf ldho `usdaoss xpfasfcxdkas ~bdcb fpo |fedh uahop xbo
ef~ kl ckaxpfcxs daceuhdan ckaxpfcxs lkp xbo }upcbfso kp sfeo fx f luxupo hfxo kl socupdxdos kp
ckjjkhdxdos% ckaxpfcxs kl dahojadxt kp nufpfaxoo fah edlo% bofexb kp fccdhoax dasupfaco!$7 >0=
Dee! Ckj}! Sxfx! 02*6 F }opska ckjjdxs nfj`edan ~boa bo ! ! ! W}Zefts f nfjo kl cbfaco kp
sgdee lkp jkaot kp kxbop xbdan kl |feuo ! ! ! !$7 Cbfpaos% >>3 ]!0h fx ??6 ^bdeo }kgop fah
}opbf}s skjo kl xbo ~fnopdan nfjos jdnbx da|ke|o skjo sgdee% xboso nfjos copxfdaet fpo
ckaxdanoax da }fpx u}ka cbfaco% fah ~boa% fs bopo% xbo nfjos da|ke|o pdsgdan f xbdan kl |feuo
lkp nfda% xbot ckasxdxuxo f lkpj kl nfj`edan da dxs ckjjkaet uahopsxkkh soaso!$7 @fpaoxx% 822
]!0h fx 0?>*?4 ^fsb! 64>6$ bkehdan xbfx f nfjo ~bdcb da|ke|os fa oeojoax kl cbfaco% o|oa dl
sgdee ds fesk da|ke|oh% ds sulldcdoax xk vufedlt dx fs nfj`edan uahop sxfxo ef~$!
8! Eondsefxd|o Bdsxkpt
f! ]up}kso kl xbo Sxfxuxo
Ckacopas f`kux kpnfadyoh cpdjo f}}ofp xk bf|o `ooa xbo jfikp hpd|dan lkpco `obdah xbo
Kpnfadyoh Cpdjo Ckaxpke Fcx kl 64>= noaopfeet% fs ~oee fs xbo DN@F s}ocdldcfeet! Xbo nkfe kl
62 _!S!C! 64?? ~fs xk nd|o xbo Lohopfe Nk|opajoax f ao~ su`sxfaxd|o ~of}ka% f ~of}ka
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno
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>?
?! Ckjjdssdka ka xbo Po|do~ kl xbo Afxdkafe ]kedct Xk~fphs Nfj`edan
Da xbo socxdka djjohdfxoet lkeek~dan xbo DN@F% xbo Kpnfadyoh Cpdjo Ckaxpke Fcx kl
64>= cpofxoh f Ckjjdssdka ka xbo Po|do~ kl xbo Afxdkafe ]kedct Xk~fphs Nfj`edan fah
cbfpnoh dx xk ckahucx f ckj}poboasd|o eonfe fah lfcxufe sxuht kl nfj`edan da xbo _adxoh Sxfxos
fah ordsxdan Lohopfe% Sxfxo% fah ekcfe }kedct fah }pfcxdcos ~dxb pos}ocx xk eonfe }pkbd`dxdka fah
xfrfxdka kl nfj`edan fcxd|dxdos fah xk lkpjuefxo fah }pk}kso sucb cbfanos da xbkso }kedcdos fah
}pfcxdcos fs xbo Ckjjdssdka jft hooj f}}pk}pdfxo! ]u`! E! Ak! 46*8?0% 2=?% 28 Sxfx! 400%
434! Fexbkunb akx }fpx kl xbo eondsefxd|o bdsxkpt kl xbo sxfxuxo dxsoel% xbo Ckjjdssdkas ldafe
po}kpx% ckj}eoxoh da 64>? kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 828=
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>>
sefjjop tosxophft lkp puaadan }kgop nfjos fah `kkgjfgdan k}opfxdkas lkp xbo Nfj`dak
lfjdet!$7 Bk~fph ]fagpfxy% 6 hoscpd`dan xbo xosxdjkat kl fa dalkpjfax ~bk hofex }kgop fx so|opfe Jfldf*pua
nfj`edan ceu`s$7 Hf|dh ^o``op%Po}uxoh jk`sxop hofex > 6+0*tofp }pdska soaxoaco% @ksxka
Bopfeh% So}x! 64% 644?% fx 0= Po}uxoh Jfldf skehdop Pfe}b Efjfxxdaf `onfa f > 6+0*tofp }pdska
soaxoaco tosxophft lkp puaadan f bdnb sxfgos }kgop nfjo ! ! ! !$7 Pdcbfph I! Ckaakeet%Fanudeks
Ska Lkuah Nudext kl Nfjdan Daakcoax Ldahdan ka Pfcgoxoopdan% @ksxka Nek`o% Fun! 68% 642 L!0h 4?< 6sx Cdp! 6422$ hdscussdan fa feeonoh bdnb*sxfgos }kgop nfjo pua `t xbo Jfldf
~bdcb eoh xk cka|dcxdkas uahop% daxop fedf% 62 _!S!C! 64??$7 _adxoh Sxfxos |! Hkak% Ak! =>*CP*
>0?% 0==4 ^E 08=?22< O!H!A!T! Fun! 3% 0==4$ ^odasxoda% I!$ }pk|dhdan f sxfxojoax kl
pofskas lkp soaxoaco dj}ksoh ka f Ckekj`k cpdjo lfjdet fsskcdfxo lkp f |dkefxdka 64?? `t
k}opfxdan fa deeonfe nfj`edan `usdaoss kl }kgop nfjos da |dkefxdka kl Ao~ Tkpg ]oafe Ef~s
00?!=? fah 0=% fjkan kxbop klloasos% fah akxdan xbfx holoahfaxs deeonfe nfj`edan k}opfxdkas ! !
! susxfdaoh xbo jk` oaxop}pdso$7 _adxoh Sxfxos |! _|dak% Ak! =>CP>0?% 0==4 ^E 03
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>4
xbot sbkueh `o ckasxpuoh da }fpd jfxopdf! _adxoh Sxfxos |! @ocgop% 80$!
Xbo sxpucxupo kl 6?66% fs ~oee fs dxs holdadxdka kl fa deeonfe nfj`edan `usdaoss% ds sdjdefp
xk xbfx kl xbo DN@F! Dx }pk|dhos xbfx9
"f$ Dx sbfee `o uaef~lue lkp x~k kp jkpo }opskas xk ckas}dpo xk k`sxpucx xbooalkpcojoax kl xbo cpdjdafe ef~s kl f Sxfxo kp }kedxdcfe su`hd|dsdka xbopokl% ~dxbxbo daxoax xk lfcdedxfxo fa deeonfe nfj`edan `usdaoss dl**
"6$ kao kp jkpo kl sucb }opskas hkos fat fcx xk ollocx xbo k`iocx kl sucb fckas}dpfct7
"0$ kao kp jkpo kl sucb }opskas ds fa klldcdfe kp oj}ektoo% oeocxoh%
f}}kdaxoh% kp kxbop~dso% kl sucb Sxfxo kp }kedxdcfe su`hd|dsdka7 fah
"3$ kao kp jkpo kl sucb }opskas ckahucxs% ldafacos% jfafnos% su}op|dsos%hdpocxs% kp k~as fee kp }fpx kl fa deeonfe nfj`edan `usdaoss!
"`$ Fs usoh da xbds socxdka**
"6$ deeonfe nfj`edan `usdaoss jofas f nfj`edan `usdaoss ~bdcb**
"d$ds f |dkefxdka kl xbo ef~ kl f Sxfxo kp }kedxdcfe su`hd|dsdka da~bdcb dx ds ckahucxoh7
"dd$ da|ke|os ld|o kp jkpo }opskas ~bk ckahucx% ldafaco% jfafno%su}op|dso% hdpocx% kp k~a fee kp }fpx kl sucb `usdaoss7 fah
"ddd$ bfs `ooa kp pojfdas da su`sxfaxdfeet ckaxdaukus k}opfxdka lkp f}opdkh da orcoss kl xbdpxt hfts kp bfs f npkss po|oauo kl (0%=== dafat sdaneo hft!
"0$nfj`edan daceuhos `ux ds akx edjdxoh xk }kke*soeedan% `kkgjfgdan%jfdaxfdadan sekx jfcbdaos% pkueoxxo ~booes% kp hdco xf`eos% fah ckahucxdanekxxopdos% }kedct% `kedxf kp auj`ops nfjos% kp soeedan cbfacos xbopoda!
"3$ Sxfxo jofas fat Sxfxo kl xbo _adxoh Sxfxos% xbo Hdsxpdcx kl Ckeuj`df%xbo Ckjjka~ofexb kl ]uopxk Pdck% fah fat xoppdxkpt kp }kssossdka kl xbo_adxoh Sxfxos!
"c$ Xbds socxdka sbfee akx f}}et xk fat `dank nfjo% ekxxopt% kp sdjdefp nfjo klcbfaco ckahucxoh `t fa kpnfadyfxdka oroj}x lpkj xfr uahop }fpfnpf}b 3$ klsu`socxdka c$ kl socxdka ?=6 kl xbo Daxopafe Po|oauo Ckho kl 6424 kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 8288
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2=
dl ak }fpx kl xbo npkss pocod}xs hopd|oh lpkj sucb fcxd|dxt daupos xk xbo `oaoldx klfat }pd|fxo sbfpobkehop% joj`op% kp oj}ektoo kl sucb kpnfadyfxdka% orco}x fsckj}oasfxdka lkp fcxufe or}oasos dacuppoh `t bdj da xbo ckahucx kl sucb fcxd|dxt!
62 _!S!C! 6?66 oj}bfsds fhhoh$!
Da dxs po}kpx% xbo Bkuso kl Po}posoaxfxd|os hoscpd`oh xbds socxdka fs jfgdan dx
uaef~lue xk oanfno da f ckas}dpfct xk k`sxpucx xbo oalkpcojoax kl sxfxo ef~ xk lfcdedxfxo
fa deeonfe nfj`edan `usdaoss% holdaoh fs 6$ |dkefxdan sxfxo ef~7 0$ da|ke|dan ld|o kp
jkpo }opskas ~bk ckahucx% ldafaco% jfafno% su}op|dso% hdpocx% kp k~a fee kp }fpx kl sucb
f `usdaoss% fah 3$ k}opfxdan da orcoss kl 3= hfts kp bf|dan f npkss po|oauo kl (0%=== da
fat sdaneo hft! B!P! Po}! Ak! 46*6?84% fx 8=6=! Dx hdh akx sxfxo xbfx f |dkefxdka kl f
lohopfe holdadxdka kl nfj`edan ~fs fa oeojoax kl xbo klloaso!
Xbo Soafxo Ckjjdxxoo ka xbo Iuhdcdfpt% `t ckaxpfsx% daxdjfxoh xbfx nfj`edan ~fs
edjdxoh xk xbo oaujopfxoh nfjos! S! Po}! Ak! 46*% fx 6?? Socxdka 6?66`$6$*3$
holdao fa deeonfe nfj`edan `usdaoss xk daceuho }kkesoeedan% `kkgjfgdan% jfdaxfdadan sekx
jfcbdaos% pkueoxxo ~booes% kp hdco xf`eos fah ckahucxdan ekxxopdos% }kedct% `kedxf% kp
auj`ops fcxd|dxt ~bdcb d$ ds da |dkefxdka kl xbo ef~ kl f Sxfxo kp }kedxdcfe su`hd|dsdka
xbopokl% dd$ da|ke|os ld|o kp jkpo }opskas ~bk }fpxdcd}fxo da `oxxdan fcxd|dxt7 ddd$ bfs
`ooa kp pojfdas da k}opfxdka lkp f }opdkh da orcoss kl 3= hfts kp bfs f npkss po|oauo kl
(0%=== da fat sdaneo hft! Soo }pk}ksoh socxdka 64??`$ `oek~! Sxfxo fah nfj`edan
fpo holdaoh ckj}poboasd|oet!$!
Ak cfso ~fs lkuah fpnudan xbfx xbo holdadxdka kl nfj`edan }pk|dhoh `t
6?66`$0$ edjdxoh xbo gdahs kl sxfxo nfj`edan cpdjos }pksocuxf`eo uahop xbo sxfxuxo!
Ckupxs bf|o u}boeh cka|dcxdkas uahop 6?66 lkp puaadan fa deeonfe }kgop nfjo lkeek~dan
uapoefxoh cbfeeoanos! Soo noaopfeet _adxoh Sxfxos |! Yojog%
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7/31/2019 U.S. vs. DiCristina Opinion (08/21/2012)
81/120
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7/31/2019 U.S. vs. DiCristina Opinion (08/21/2012)
82/120
20
k}opfxdka kl cbfaco! 6? _!S!C! 66>6 Xbo xopj nfj`edan ho|dco jofas**6$ fat sk*cfeeoh
sekx jfcbdao kp fat kxbop jfcbdao kp jocbfadcfe ho|dco fa ossoaxdfe }fpx kl ~bdcb ds f hpuj kp
pooe ~dxb dasdnadf xbopoka% fah F$ ~bdcb ~boa k}opfxoh jft hoed|op% fs xbo posuex kl xbo
f}}edcfxdka kl fa oeojoax kl cbfaco% fat jkaot kp }pk}opxt% kp @$ `t xbo k}opfxdka kl ~bdcb f
}opska jft `ockjo oaxdxeoh xk pocod|o% fs xbo posuex kl xbo f}}edcfxdka kl fa oeojoax kl cbfaco%
fat jkaot kp }pk}opxt7 kp 0$ fat kxbop jfcbdao kp jocbfadcfe ho|dco daceuhdan% `ux akx
edjdxoh xk% pkueoxxo ~booes fah sdjdefp ho|dcos$ hosdnaoh fah jfaulfcxupoh }pdjfpdet lkp uso da
ckaaocxdka ~dxb nfj`edan% fah F$ ~bdcb ~boa k}opfxoh jft hoed|op% fs xbo posuex kl xbo
f}}edcfxdka kl fa oeojoax kl cbfaco% fat jkaot kp }pk}opxt% kp @$ `t xbo k}opfxdka kl ~bdcb f
}opska jft `ockjo oaxdxeoh xk pocod|o% fs xbo posuex kl xbo f}}edcfxdka kl fa oeojoax kl cbfaco %
fat jkaot kp }pk}opxt7 kp 3$ fat su`fssoj`et kp ossoaxdfe }fpx daxoahoh xk `o usoh da
ckaaocxdka ~dxb fat sucb jfcbdao kp jocbfadcfe ho|dco% `ux ~bdcb ds akx fxxfcboh xk fat sucb
jfcbdao kp jocbfadcfe ho|dco fs f ckasxdxuoax }fpx! oj}bfsds fhhoh$$! Dx s}ocdldcfeet orceuhos
}fpxdcuefp xt}os kl jfcbdaos% daceuhdan jfcbdaos ~bdcb hk akx ho}oah ka fa oeojoax kl cbfaco!
6? _!S!C! 66>20$ Akao kl xbo }pk|dsdkas kl xbds cbf}xop sbfee `o ckasxpuoh xk f}}et ! ! ! xk
fat jfcbdao kp jocbfadcfe ho|dco% sucb fs f ckda*k}opfxoh `k~edan feeot% sbulleo`kfph% jfp`eo
jfcbdao f sk*cfeeoh }da`fee jfcbdao$% kp jocbfadcfe nua% ~bdcb ds akx hosdnaoh fah
jfaulfcxupoh }pdjfpdet lkp uso da ckaaocxdka ~dxb nfj`edan% fah F$ ~bdcb ~boa k}opfxoh hkos
akx hoed|op% fs f posuex kl xbo f}}edcfxdka kl fa oeojoax kl cbfaco% fat jkaot kp }pk}opxt% kp @$
`t xbo k}opfxdka kl ~bdcb f }opska jft akx `ockjo oaxdxeoh xk pocod|o% fs xbo posuex kl xbo
f}}edcfxdka kl fa oeojoax kl cbfaco% fat jkaot kp }pk}opxt% kp ! ! ! xk fat sk*cfeeoh cef~% cpfao%
kp hdnnop jfcbdao fah sdjdefp ho|dcos ~bdcb fpo akx k}opfxoh `t ckda% fpo fcxufxoh `t f cpfag%
fah fpo hosdnaoh fah jfaulfcxupoh }pdjfpdet lkp uso fx cfpad|fes kp ckuaxt kp Sxfxo lfdps!
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 20 kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 828>
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7/31/2019 U.S. vs. DiCristina Opinion (08/21/2012)
83/120
23
oj}bfsds fhhoh$$! Xbds holdadxdka kl nfj`edan ho|dcos jdnbx daceuho |dhok kp Ikgop ]kgop
jfcbdaos%soo _adxoh Sxfxos |! Kao Buahpoh Xbdpxt*So|oa "63>$ Hpf~ ]kgop*Xt}o Jfcbdaos fah
Sdr "
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7/31/2019 U.S. vs. DiCristina Opinion (08/21/2012)
84/120
28
`t cbfaco xk kao kp jkpo cbfaco xfgops kp xdcgox }upcbfsops! Ekxxopt hkos akx daceuho xbo
}efcdan kp fcco}xdan kl `oxs kp ~fnops ka s}kpxdan o|oaxs kp ckaxosxs! oj}bfsds fhhoh$$!
Xbo ]fpf}bopafedf Fcx bfs `ooa daxop}poxoh fs ck|opdan |dhok }kgop jfcbdaos! Soo
_adxoh Sxfxos |! ^fee% 40 L!3h 6888% 68?2 , a!66
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7/31/2019 U.S. vs. DiCristina Opinion (08/21/2012)
85/120
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7/31/2019 U.S. vs. DiCristina Opinion (08/21/2012)
86/120
2% 6=0 Sxfx! 08 6422$ ckhdldoh fx 0? _!S!C! 0>=6 ox sov!$% ~fs hosdnaoh xk }pk|dho f
sxfxuxkpt `fsds lkp xbo k}opfxdka kl nfjdan `t Dahdfa xpd`os ~bdeo fesk }opjdxxdan xbo ponuefxdka
kl nfjdan `t fa Dahdfa xpd`o fhovufxo xk sbdoeh dx lpkj kpnfadyoh cpdjo fah kxbop ckppu}xdan
daleuoacos! 0? _!S!C! 0>=06$0$! Xk~fphs xbfx oah% dx cefssdldos nfjos daxk xbpoo cfxonkpdos
su`iocx xk |fptdan eo|oes kl ponuefxdka!
Cefss D nfjos fpo skcdfe nfjos skeoet lkp }pdyos kl jdadjfe |feuo kp xpfhdxdkafe lkpjs kl
Dahdfa nfjdan oanfnoh da `t dahd|dhufes fs f }fpx kl% kp da ckaaocxdka ~dxb% xpd`fe copojkados kp
coeo`pfxdkas! 0? _!S!C! 0>=36=f$6$!
Bkuso*`fagoh cfph nfjos fpo Cefss DDD nfjos! 0? _!S!C! 0>=3>$@$d$ holdadan Cefss
DD nfjos fs orceuhdan fat `fagdan cfph nfjos% daceuhdan `fccfpfx% cbojda ho lop% kp `efcgifcg
06$$7 dh! 0>=32$ Xbo xopj cefss DDD nfjdan jofas fee lkpjs kl nfjdan xbfx fpo akx cefss D
nfjdan kp cefss DD nfjdan!$! Xboso nfjos fpo su`iocx xk xbo sxpdcxosx ponuefxdka! Sucb nfjos
fpo }pkbd`dxoh uaeoss 6$ fuxbkpdyoh `t f xpd`fe kphdafaco kp poskeuxdka7 0$ ekcfxoh da f sxfxo xbfx
}opjdxs xbo }fpxdcuefp nfjdan lkp fat }up}kso `t fat }opska% kpnfadyfxdka kp oaxdxt7 fah 3$
ckahucxoh da fcckphfaco ~dxb f ckj}fcx aonkxdfxoh `ox~ooa xbo Dahdfa xpd`o fah xbo sxfxo! 0?
_!S!C! 0>6=h$6$!
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 2< kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 82?6
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87/120
2>
Cefss DD nfjos daceuho kxbop cfph nfjos% sucb fs }kgop% xbfx fpo odxbop fuxbkpdyoh kp akx
s}ocdldcfeet }pkbd`dxoh `t sxfxo ef~% fs ~oee fs nfjos sucb fs `dank% ekxxk% }uee*xf`s% xd} ifps% fah
}uacb `kfphs! Soo 0? _!S!C! 0>=3>$F$dd$Xbo xopj cefss DD nfjdan jofas** ! ! ! cfph
nfjos xbfx ! ! ! fpo or}edcdxet fuxbkpdyoh `t xbo ef~s kl xbo Sxfxo% kp ! ! ! fpo akx or}edcdxet
}pkbd`dxoh `t xbo ef~s kl xbo Sxfxo fah fpo }eftoh fx fat ekcfxdka da xbo SxfxoW%Z `ux kaet dl sucb
cfph nfjos fpo }eftoh da ckalkpjdxt ~dxb xbkso ef~s fah ponuefxdkas dl fat$ kl xbo Sxfxo
ponfphdan bkups kp }opdkhs kl k}opfxdka kl sucb cfph nfjos kp edjdxfxdkas ka ~fnops kp }kx sdyos
da sucb cfph nfjos!$! Cefss DD nfjdan ds kaet }opjdxxoh 6$ dl cfppdoh ka da f sxfxo xbfx feek~s
sucb nfjdan lkp fat }up}kso `t fat }opska% kpnfadyfxdka% kp oaxdxt7 0$ dl akx }pkbd`dxoh `t
lohopfe ef~7 fah 3$ dl f xpd`fe kphdafaco kp poskeuxdka bfs `ooa fhk}xoh }opjdxxdan sucb
nfjdan! 0? _!S!C! 0>6=`$6$F$*@$!
Lohopfe ef~ cpdjdafedyos nfj`edan da Dahdfa ckuaxpt xbfx |dkefxos sxfxo ef~ fah ds akx da
ckj}edfaco ~dxb xbo Dahdfa Nfj`edan Ponuefxkpt Fcx! 62 _!S!C! 66
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88/120
22
"6$ cefss D nfjdan kp cefss DD nfjdan ponuefxoh `t xbo Dahdfa Nfjdan PonuefxkptFcx% kp"0$ cefss DDD nfjdan ckahucxoh uahop f Xpd`fe*Sxfxo ckj}fcx f}}pk|oh `t xboSocpoxfpt kl xbo Daxopdkp uahop socxdka 66h$2$ kl xbo Dahdfa Nfjdan PonuefxkptFcx xbfx ds da ollocx!
62 _!S!C! 66}pksocuxf`eo fs nfj`edan uahop xbds sxfxuxo! Dl lkp`dhhoa `t sxfxo ef~% fs dx ds da Ao~
Tkpg% kp dl ckahucxoh da |dkefxdka kl sxfxo ef~% fah da xbo f`soaco kl f xpd`fe*sxfxo
ckj}fcx% dx ~kueh ckasxdxuxo nfj`edan fah ~kueh `o }uadsbf`eo uahop xbds sxfxuxo! Soo
Hfexka |!% >2= A!T!S!0h fx
400 L!0h fx 6=38 oj}bfsds fhhoh$! Xbo ckupx or}efdaoh xbfx xbo sck}o kl socxdka 64?? orcoohs
xbfx kl socxdka 66
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7/31/2019 U.S. vs. DiCristina Opinion (08/21/2012)
89/120
24
`! Afxdkafe Nfj`edan Dj}fcx Sxuht Ckjjdssdka Fcx
Da 644
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7/31/2019 U.S. vs. DiCristina Opinion (08/21/2012)
90/120
4=
dx! Dahusxpt s}kgosjoa cefdj xbfx xbo hfts kl @unst Sonfe fah Ikso}b @kafak fpo `obdah dx! Xbo
dahusxpt% xbot cefdj% ds ckj}ksoh kl ef~ f`dhdan ckj}fados ~bdcb po}kpx xk sxkcgbkehops dasxofh
kl kpnfadyoh cpdjdafe oaxop}pdsos! Xbo dahusxpt% jkpo xbfa fat kxbop% bk~o|op% bfs `ooa
ckaaocxoh xk ua}pocohoaxoh eo|oes kl }kedxdcfe ckppu}xdka da pocoax tofps! Xbo ckaleuoaco kl
jkaot% }kedxdcs% fah }k~op bfs ~pofgoh bf|kc da jfat Sxfxos fah ekcfe iupdshdcxdkas!$!
Ckanposs ckaceuhoh xbfx f Lohopfe ckjjdssdka sbkueh `o osxf`edsboh xk ckahucx f
ckj}poboasd|o sxuht kl xbo skcdfe fah ockakjdc dj}fcxs kl nfj`edan da xbo _adxoh Sxfxos!
ANDSC 0?$!
Pfxbop xbfa dackp}kpfxdan xbo holdadxdka kl nfj`edan fepofht }pk|dhoh `t xbo DN@F% xbo
ANDSC efdh kux dxs k~a% sxfxdan9
Xbo xopj nfj`edan jofas fat eonfedyoh lkpj kl ~fnopdan kp `oxxdan ckahucxohda f cfsdak% ka f pd|op`kfx% ka fa Dahdfa posop|fxdka% kp fx fat kxbop ekcfxdka uahopxbo iupdshdcxdka kl xbo _adxoh Sxfxos! Sucb xopj daceuhos fat cfsdak nfjo%}fpdjuxuoe `oxxdan% s}kpxs*poefxoh `oxxdan% ekxxopt% }uee*xf` nfjo% sekx jfcbdao% fatxt}o kl |dhok nfjdan% ckj}uxopdyoh ~fnopdan kp `oxxdan fcxd|dxdos daceuhdan fatsucb fcxd|dxt ckahucxoh k|op xbo Daxopaox$% fah }bdefaxbpk}dc kp cbfpdxf`eo nfjdanfcxd|dxdos!
Dh! 26$! Hos}dxo dxs dackp}kpfxdka daxk xbo akxos kl 64??% xbds su`sovuoax% or}fahoh
holdadxdka kl nfj`edan hkos akx oaefpno f jofadan da xbo ofpedop DN@F! ^deedfjs |! _adxoh
Sxfxos% 30> _!S! >66% >62 648
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91/120
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7/31/2019 U.S. vs. DiCristina Opinion (08/21/2012)
92/120
40
`ox kp ~fnop% da poeo|fax }fpx% fs xbo sxfgdan kp pdsgdan `t fat }opska kl skjoxbdan kl |feuo
u}ka xbo kuxckjo kl f ckaxosx kl kxbops% f s}kpxdan o|oax% kp f nfjo su`iocx xk cbfaco% u}ka fa
fnpoojoax kp uahopsxfahdan xbfx xbo }opska kp fakxbop }opska ~dee pocod|o skjoxbdan kl |feuo da
xbo o|oax kl f copxfda kuxckjo! 36 _!S!C! ?380% =3*6>?>% 0==8 ^E 3>?4
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7/31/2019 U.S. vs. DiCristina Opinion (08/21/2012)
93/120
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7/31/2019 U.S. vs. DiCristina Opinion (08/21/2012)
94/120
48
npf}}edan ~dxb xbo xorx kl xbo sxfxuxo dxsoel% xbo Ckupx kl F}}ofes lkp xbo Xbdph Cdpcudx poedoh ka
}pdkp hocdsdkas ~bdcb hdh akx ckasdhop xbfx dssuo kl daxop}poxfxdka! Dx lfdeoh xk poske|o xbo
fj`dnudxdos da xbo xorx fah bdsxkpt kl xbo DN@F!
Xbo k|op~boejdan jfikpdxt kl cfsos bf|o fssujoh% ~dxbkux fafetsds% xbfx xbo
nk|opajoax aooh kaet }pk|o xbfx xbo `usdaoss da|ke|oh nfj`edan fs holdaoh `t sxfxo ef~% akx xbfx
xbo nfjo k}opfxoh ckasxdxuxoh nfj`edan fs holdaoh `t xbo DN@F! Soo% o!n!% Nkxxd% 8?4 L!3h fx
38= Xbds sxfxuxo }pk|dhos xbfx W~Zbko|op ckahucxs% ldafacos% jfafnos% su}op|dsos% hdpocxs% kp
k~as fee kp }fpx kl fa deeonfe nfj`edan `usdaoss sbfee `o ldaoh uahop xbds xdxeo kp dj}pdskaoh akx
jkpo xbfa ld|o tofps% kp `kxb! 62 _!S!C! 64??f$ oj}bfsds fhhoh$! Fa deeonfe nfj`edan
`usdaoss% da xupa% ds holdaoh fs kao ~bdcb d$ ds f |dkefxdka kl xbo ef~ kl f Sxfxo ! ! ! da ~bdcb dx
ds ckahucxoh7 dd$ da|ke|os ld|o kp jkpo }opskas ~bk ckahucx% ldafaco% jfafno% su}op|dso% hdpocx%
kp k~a fee kp }fpx kl sucb `usdaoss7 fah ddd$ bfs `ooa kp pojfdas da su`sxfaxdfeet ckaxdaukus
k}opfxdka lkp f }opdkh da orcoss kl xbdpxt hfts kp bfs f npkss po|oauo kl (0%=== da fat sdaneo
hft! 62 _!S!C! 64??`$6$!$7 _adxoh Sxfxos |! Xpuoshfeo% 6?0 L!3h 883% 88< ?xb Cdp! 6442$
_ahop socxdka 64??% fa deeonfe nfj`edan `usdaoss ds holdaoh fs f nfj`edan `usdaoss xbfx9 6$
|dkefxos sxfxo kp ekcfe ef~% 0$ da|ke|os ? kp jkpo }ok}eo% fah 3$ ds da ckaxdaukus k}opfxdka lkp
jkpo xbfa 3= hfts kp bfs npkss po|oauo kl (0%=== da f sdaneo hft!$7 _adxoh Sxfxos |! Ct}pdfa% 03
L!3h 6624% 6644 a!68 >xb Cdp! 6448$ Xk osxf`edsb f |dkefxdka kl 64??% xbo nk|opajoax jusx
sbk~ xbfx xbo holoahfax ckahucxoh% ldafacoh% jfafnoh% su}op|dsoh% hdpocxoh% kp k~aoh f
nfj`edan `usdaoss xbfx9 6$ |dkefxoh sxfxo ef~7 WfahZ 0$ da|ke|oh ld|o kp jkpo }opskas7 fah3$
~fs odxbop da su`sxfaxdfe ckaxdaukus k}opfxdka lkp jkpo xbfa 3= hfts kp bfh npkss po|oauo kl
(0%=== kp jkpo da f sdaneo hft! oj}bfsds fhhoh$$7 _adxoh Sxfxos |! Sfcck% 846 L!0h 44?% 442
4xb Cdp! 64>8$ oa `fac$ Xbo sxfxuxo povudpos xbfx xbpoo oeojoaxs `o osxf`edsboh xk ckasxdxuxo fa
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 48 kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 82?4
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95/120
4?
klloaso9 xbopo jusx `o f nfj`edan k}opfxdka ~bdcb 6$ ds f |dkefxdka kl xbo ef~ kl f Sxfxo kp
}kedxdcfe su`hd|dsdka da ~bdcb dx ds ckahucxoh7 0$ da|ke|os ld|o kp jkpo }opskas ~bk ckahucx%
ldafaco% jfafno% su}op|dso% hdpocx kp k~a fee kp }fpx kl sucb `usdaoss7 fah 3$ bfs `ooa kp
pojfdas da su`sxfaxdfeet ckaxdaukus k}opfxdka lkp f }opdkh da orcoss kl xbdpxt hfts kp bfs f npkss
po|oauo kl (0%=== da fat sdaneo hft!$!
Xbo sxfxuxo bfs `ooa usoh xk }pksocuxo nfjos xbfx fpo akx oaujopfxoh da Socxdka
64??`$0$%soo% o!n!% _adxoh Sxfxos |! _soad% ?6< L!3h xb Cdp! 0==2$ `dank$7 _adxoh Sxfxos
|! Podxfak% 23$ Fs holdaoh da xbo sxfxuxo% nfj`edan daceuhos `ux ds
akx edjdxoh xk }kke*soeedan% `kkg*jfgdan% jfdaxfdadan sekx jfcbdaos% pkueoxxo ~booes kp hdco
xf`eos% fah ckahucxdan ekxxopdos% }kedct% `kedxf kp auj`ops nfjos% kp soeedan cbfacos xbopoda! Da
xbds cfso f}}oeefaxs ckacoho xbfx xbodp fcxd|dxdos ckasxdxuxoh nfj`edan fs sk holdaoh% fahxbfx
xbot ~opo ckahucxoh da |dkefxdka kl xbo ef~ kl Dahdfaf! oj}bfsds fhhoh$$7 _adxoh Sxfxos |!
Gfcyk~sgd% 668 L! Su}}! 0h 683% 6?0 ^!H!A!T! 0===$ Socxdka 64?? holdaos fa deeonfe
nfj`edan `usdaoss fs f nfj`edan `usdaoss ~bdcb ! ! ! ds f |dkefxdka kl xbo ef~ kl Sxfxo kl }kedxdcfe
su`hd|dsdka da ~bdcb dx ds ckahucxoh ! ! ! ! 62 _!S!C! 64??`$6$! Lupxbop% nfj`edan ds
holdaoh xbopouahop xk daceuho `kkgjfgdan! 62 _!S!C! 64??`$0$!$!
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 4? kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 82
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4% 866 64?>$ oj}bfsds fhhoh$7 fcckph Hdcgopska |! Ao~ @faaop Dasx!% Dac!%
8
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7/31/2019 U.S. vs. DiCristina Opinion (08/21/2012)
97/120
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7/31/2019 U.S. vs. DiCristina Opinion (08/21/2012)
98/120
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7/31/2019 U.S. vs. DiCristina Opinion (08/21/2012)
99/120
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7/31/2019 U.S. vs. DiCristina Opinion (08/21/2012)
100/120
6==
Ckjjdxxoo ka Lohopfe Eondsefxdka% Xbo Fsskcdfxdka kl xbo @fp kl xbo Cdxt kl Ao~ Tkpg% Xbo
]pk}ksoh Kpnfadyoh Cpdjo Ckaxpke Fcx kl 64=$$ Xbo xopj nfj`edan ds sfdh xk
daceuho copxfda s}ocdldoh fcxd|dxdos ! ! ! ~dxbkux dahdcfxdan ~boxbop xbo edsx ds su}}ksoh xk `o fee*
daceusd|o!$! Xbo fhhdxdka kl f so}fpfxo holdadxdka kl nfj`edan da f hdsxdacx socxdka kl xbo DN@F
da xbo ldafe |opsdka kl xbo sxfxuxo sunnosxs f hosdna fhk}xdan f hdsxdacx lohopfe holdadxdka kl
nfj`edan! Ak or}efafxdka lkp xbds cbfano ckueh `o lkuah da xbo eondsefxd|o pockph!
3! Kxbop Lohopfe Sxfxuxos
^bopo kxbop lohopfe sxfxuxos fpo hosdnaoh xk dackp}kpfxo fee sxfxo ef~ nfjdan klloasos%
xbds daxoax ds s}ocdldoh or}edcdxet! Soo% o!n!% 62 _!S!C! 66
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6=6
_ahop bds xbokpt% ckupxs% ~boao|op ckalpkaxoh ~dxb f nfjo xbfx ds akx da xbo deeusxpfxd|o edsx sox
lkpxb da 64??`$0$% ~kueh `o povudpoh xk ckahucx fa fafetsds da ~bdcb copxfda lofxupos kl xbo
uaedsxoh nfjo fpo ckj}fpoh ~dxb lofxupos kl xbo |fpdkus oroj}efps% o|oa ~bopo xbo uaedsxoh
nfjo ds dahds}uxf`et f }pkscpd`oh lkpj kl nfj`edan uahop xbo polopoacoh sxfxo ef~! Xbds ~kueh
fhh f ao~ lfcxufe oeojoax lkp xbo nk|opajoax xk }pk|o xk k`xfda f cka|dcxdka! Dx ~kueh fesk
posuex da ~dhoet hd|opnoax daxop}poxfxdkas kl xbo ef~ fs hdllopoax ckupxs ~kueh uahopsxfahf`et
fppd|o fx hdsxdacx ckaceusdkas fs xk ~bfx ~opo xbo jksx sdnadldcfax lofxupos kl xbo fcxd|dxdos
edsxoh da 64??`$0$!$7soo noaopfeet Nk|x Joj! kl E! da K}}! xk Hol!s Pueo 04 Jkx! 6=*60%
Hkc! Oaxpt 4% 0=60! Xbds jft o sk! Ao|opxboeoss% nd|oa xbo fj`dnudxdos da xbo
sxfxuxo% sucb cfso*`t*cfso fafetsds da fj`dnukus cfsos ds ~bfx xbo sxfxuxo% daxop}poxoh da ednbx kl
xbo pueo kl eoadxt% hojfahs!
\DD! ]kgop ds Akx Nfj`edan _ahop DN@F
Sdaco nfjos pua `t xbo holoahfaxs `usdaoss jusx ckasxdxuxo nfj`edan fs holdaoh `t
xbo DN@F% dx jusx `o hoxopjdaoh ~boxbop }kgop lfees uahop xbfx holdadxdka kl nfj`edan!
Fs akxoh f`k|o% xbo DN@F holdaos nfj`edan fs daceuhWdanZ `ux ! ! ! akx edjdxoh xk }kke*
soeedan% `kkgjfgdan% jfdaxfdadan sekx jfcbdaos% pkueoxxo ~booes kp hdco xf`eos% fah ckahucxdan
ekxxopdos% }kedct% `kedxf kp auj`ops nfjos% kp soeedan cbfacos xbopoda! 62 _!S!C! 64??`$0$!
Xbo edsx ds aka*orceusd|o! Fexbkunb }kgop fah kxbop cfph nfjos povudpdan sgdee ~opo ~dhoet
}eftoh ~boa xbo DN@F ~fs }fssoh% sucb nfjos fpo akx daceuhoh da xbfx }pk|dsdkas edsx kl
nfj`edan fcxd|dxdos! Soo Jc@kteo% 023 _!S! fx 0< akxdan xbfx WfZdp}efaos ~opo ~oee gak~a da
6464 ~boa xbds sxfxuxo ~fs }fssoh% `ux dx ds fhjdxxoh xbfx xbot ~opo akx joaxdkaoh da xbo po}kpxs
kp da xbo ho`fxos da Ckanposs da bkehdan xbfx fa fdp}efao ds akx f |obdceo$!
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 6=6 kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 82
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7/31/2019 U.S. vs. DiCristina Opinion (08/21/2012)
102/120
6=0
Tox% xbo lfcx xbfx xbo sxfxuxo hkos akx or}edcdxet joaxdka }kgop% da dxsoel% ds akx ckaceusd|o
o|dhoaco xbfx xbfx nfjo sbkueh akx `o ckasdhopoh nfj`edan uahop xbo DN@F! Cl!% o!n!% Afxdkafe
Kpnfadyfxdka lkp ^kjoa%Dac! |! Scbodheop% ?6= _!S! 084% 0 L!0h 0>3% 0>> >xb Cdp! 6423$$% f`pknfxoh ka kxbop npkuahs fs pocknadyoh `t%
Dpdyfppt |! _adxoh Sxfxos% ??3 _!S! >=2 0==2$!
Xbo holoahfax }kdaxs kux xbfx Ckanposs hkos akx% kao jdnbx sft% bdho oeo}bfaxs da
jkusobkeos! @desgd |! Gf}}ks% 63= S!Cx! 3062% 30?= 0=6=$ daxopafe cdxfxdkas fah vukxfxdkas
kjdxxoh$! Xbo vuosxdka pojfdas ~boxbop }kgop ds fa oeo}bfax kp f jkuso uahop xbo sxfxuxo!
]kgop ds% lkp xbo }up}ksos kl xbds cfso% fa oeo}bfaxkp }opbf}s fa odnbx buahpoh }kuah
nkpdeefxbfx Ckanposs ~kueh bf|o `ooa uaedgoet xk dnakpo! Xbo lfcx xbfx cfph nfjos edgo }kgop%
}dakcbeo% nda pujjt% fah `pdhno ~opo sk ~dhoet }eftoh `t ef~*f`dhdan dahd|dhufes da aka*
cpdjdafe soxxdans jft or}efda dxs kjdssdka lpkj xbo DN@F! Fs Sbopekcg Bkejos ~kueh hoscpd`o
Cfso 6966*cp*==868*I@^ Hkcujoax 6=4 Ldeoh =2+06+60 ]fno 6=0 kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 82
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7/31/2019 U.S. vs. DiCristina Opinion (08/21/2012)
103/120
6=3
xbo ceuo% dx ds xbo hkn xbfx hdhax `fpg! Soo noaopfeet Sdp Fpxbup Ckafa Hkteo% Sde|op @efyo% da
Xbo Jojkdps kl Sbopekcg Bkejos 6*32 Pfahkj Bkuso 0=60$ 6248$!
Fs f jfxxop kl sxfxuxkpt ckasxpucxdka% }kgop jusx lfee uahop xbo noaopfe holdadxdka kl
nfj`edan fah `o sulldcdoaxet sdjdefp xk xbkso nfjos edsxoh da xbo sxfxuxo xk lfee ~dxbda dxs
}pkbd`dxdka! Soo Hfupft% 06? L!3h fx 00% 6448 ^E 6448? $% f`pknfxoh ka kxbop npkuahs `t _adxoh Sxfxos |! ^feefco% 282 L!0h
68
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7/31/2019 U.S. vs. DiCristina Opinion (08/21/2012)
104/120
6=8
klloasos$7 `ux cl! _adxoh Sxfxos |! \fahoxxd%
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7/31/2019 U.S. vs. DiCristina Opinion (08/21/2012)
105/120
6=?
uadldos xbo nfjos edsxoh da 64??`$0$ daxk f ckbosd|o npku}! Soo _adxoh Sxfxos |! Xupgoxxo% 8?0
_!S! ?>=
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7/31/2019 U.S. vs. DiCristina Opinion (08/21/2012)
106/120
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7/31/2019 U.S. vs. DiCristina Opinion (08/21/2012)
107/120
6=>
c! Eondsefxd|o Bdsxkpt
Xbo eondsefxd|o bdsxkpt ds dackaceusd|o! Ak~bopo hdh Ckanposs sopdkuset ho`fxo bk~ xk
holdao nfj`edan% kp hdscuss ~bfx gdahs kl nfjos `otkah xbkso oaujopfxoh sbkueh lfee ~dxbda xbo
DN@Fs }up|do~! Akp ds dx ceofp xbfx Ckanposs faxdcd}fxoh xbfx xbo sxfxuxo ~kueh pofcb }kgop
`usdaossos! Fexbkunb x~k soafxkps or}possoh ckacopa xbfx xbo DN@F ~kueh oackj}fss }kgop
nfjos%soo ]fpx \F$8$c$% W}Zfssdan polopoacos fah dskefxoh }bpfsos fpo akx ckaxpkeedan ~boa
fafetydan f eondsefxd|o bdsxkpt!Ho}x kl Sxfxo |! ^fsbdanxka ]ksx Ck!% 8?< _!S! ?4?% = ~fs fa fhhdxdkafe xkke xk ckj`fx kpnfadyoh cpdjo `t
}opjdxxdan lohopfe }pksocuxdka kl deeonfe daxpfsxfxo nfj`edan pdans xbfx luahoh fah lfcdedxfxoh xbo
fcxd|dxdos kl sucb npku}s! Soo ]fpx \F$8$f$! Xk xbo orxoax xbfx }fpxdcuefp nfjos ~opo
hdscussoh% xboso f}}ofpoh xk `o xbo nfjos xbfx ~opo }opcod|oh xk `o jksx su`iocx xk kpnfadyoh
cpdjo daleuoaco fx xbo xdjo xbo DN@F ~fs ho`fxoh! Dh! Xbo poeo|fax ho`fxos lkcusoh ka auj`ops
fah `kkgjfgdan!
Tox f sxfxuxo ds akx xk `o ckaldaoh xk xbo }fpxdcuefp f}}edcfxdkaWsZ ! ! ! ckaxoj}efxoh `t
xbo eondsefxkps!Hdfjkah |! Cbfgpf`fpxt% 88> _!S! 3=3% 36? 642=$ daxopafe cdxfxdkas fah
vukxfxdkas kjdxxoh$! Dx ds hdlldcuex xk djfndao xbfx xbo sxfxuxo ~fs hosdnaoh xk }poceuho
}pksocuxdka kl nfjos sucb fs }kgopdl% da xbo luxupo% xbot `ocfjo su`iocx xk Jfldf ckaxpke! Soo
_adxoh Sxfxos |! Nkkcb% 04> _!S! 608% 602 643 kl 60= ]fnoDH #9 82>0
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7/31/2019 U.S. vs. DiCristina Opinion (08/21/2012)
108/120
6=2
usoh xk holofx xbo k`|dkus }up}kso kl eondsefxdka$! Fah sucb nfjos bf|o su`sovuoaxet `ockjo
f skupco kl po|oauo lkp kpnfadyoh cpdjo! Soo ]fpx \F$6 holdadan f nfj`edan ho|dco fs kao ~bdcb da|ke|os xbo f}}edcfxdka kl
fa oeojoax kl cbfaco$7 6? _!S!C! 66>20$ orceuhdan lpkj xbo sxfxuxo ho|dcos xbfx hk akx
da|ke|o fa oeojoax kl cbfaco$7 62 _!S!C! 6=26 WNZfj`edan osxf`edsbjoax jofas fat
ckjjka nfjdan kp nfj`edan osxf`edsbjoax k}opfxoh lkp xbo }up}kso kl nfjdan kp nfj`edan%
daceuhdan fcco}xdan% pockphdan% kp pondsxopdan `oxs% kp cfpptdan ka f }kedct nfjo kp fat kxbop
ekxxopt%kp }eftdan fat nfjo kl cbfaco% lkp jkaot kp kxbop xbdan kl |feuo! oj}bfsds fhhoh$$!
O|oa jkhopa ef~s edjdx xbodp sck}o xk sucb nfjos! 36 _!S!C! ?33
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7/31/2019 U.S. vs. DiCristina Opinion (08/21/2012)
109/120
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7/31/2019 U.S. vs. DiCristina Opinion (08/21/2012)
110/120
66=
3! Nfj`edan ds Edjdxoh xk Nfjos ]pohkjdafxoh @t Cbfaco
Xbo nk|opajoax ckaxoahs xbfx cbfaco ds akx xbo poeo|fax cpdxopdka edjdxdan xbo DN@Fs
holdadxdka kl nfj`edan `ocfuso kxbop lkpjs kl nfj`edan da|ke|o sgdee! Lkp orfj}eo% `oxxdan ka
xbo kuxckjo kl }pklossdkafe s}kpxs o|oaxs~bdcb ~kueh lfee uahop odxbop `kkgjfgdan kp
}kke*soeedanda|ke|os fa oeojoax kl sgdee da }dcgdan xbo ~daadan xofj kp }pohdcxdan xbo
kuxckjo kl xbo nfjo!Hfexka% 23? A!O!0h fx 6643 a! 47 Klldco kl xbo Fxxt Noa! kl xbo Sxfxo kl
Ao~ Tkpg% Lkpjfe K}! Ak! 28*L6% A!T! K}! Fxxt! Noa 66 6428$ sxfxdan xbfx s}kpxs `oxxdan
povudpos su`sxfaxdfe akx sednbx$ sgdee% daceuhdan xbo oropcdso kl WfZ `oxxkps iuhnjoax da
xptdan xk ! ! ! ldnupo WkuxZ xbo }kdax s}pofhs$! S}kpxs `oxxkps bf|o o|opt k}}kpxuadxt xk oj}ekt
su}opdkp gak~eohno kl xbo nfjos% xofjs fah }eftops da|ke|oh da kphop xk or}ekdx khhs xbfx hk akx
poleocx xbo xpuo edgoedbkkhs kl xbo }kssd`eo kuxckjos! Nk|x Joj! kl E! da K}}! xk Hol!s Pueo
04 Jkx! 3=% Hkc! Oaxpt 4% 0=60! Sdjdefpet% kxbop cfph nfjos ckjjkaet ckasdhopoh
nfj`edan% sucb fs `efcgifcg% hojfah xfeoaxs sdjdefp xk xbkso oj}ektoh da }kgop% povudpdan
sgdeeoh }eftops xk xfgo fh|faxfno kl gak~a khhs! Dh! fx 04*3=7soo noaopfeet% o!n!% @oa Joypdcb%
@pdandan Hk~a xbo Bkuso9 Xbo Dasdho Sxkpt kl Sdr JDX Sxuhoaxs ^bk Xkkg \onfs lkp Jdeedkas
0==3$ hoscpd`dan f npku} kl sxuhoaxs fah or*sxuhoaxs lpkj xbo Jfssfcbusoxxs Dasxdxuxo kl
Xocbakeknt ~bk usoh cfph*ckuaxdan xocbadvuos fah kxbop sk}bdsxdcfxoh sxpfxondos xk `ofx cfsdaks
fx `efcgifcg$7@efcgifcg% Xbds Fjopdcfa Edlo A]P pfhdk `pkfhcfsx Iuao 2% 0=60$%
bxx}9++~~~!xbdsfjopdcfaedlo!kpn+pfhdk*fpcbd|os+o}dskho+8
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111/120
666
sgdee ka xbo kuxckjo kl }kgop nfjos ds lfp npofxop xbfa xbfx ka xbo kuxckjos kl xbo nfjos
oaujopfxoh da xbo DN@Fs deeusxpfxdkas kl nfj`edan! ^bdeo f nfj`eop ~dxb fa oactcek}ohdc
gak~eohno kl s}kpxs jft }oplkpj `oxxop xbfa kxbops ~boa ~fnopdan ka xbo kuxckjo kl s}kpxdan
o|oaxs% uaedgo da }kgop% bds sgdee hkos akx daleuoaco nfjo }eft! F s}kpxs `oxxkp ds oxxop f`eo xk
}dcg f ~daadan xofj% `ux cfaakx jfgo xboj ~da! Da }kgop% `t ckaxpfsx% dacpofsoh }pkldcdoact
`kksxs f }eftops cbfaco kl ~daadan fah fllocxs xbo kuxckjo kl dahd|dhufe bfahs fs ~oee fs f
sopdos kl bfahs! Or}opx }kgop }eftops hpf~ ka fa fppft kl xfeoaxs% daceuhdan lfcdedxt ~dxb
auj`ops% gak~eohno kl bujfa }stcbkeknt% fah }k~ops kl k`sop|fxdka fah hoco}xdka! ]eftops
cfa uso xboso sgdees xk ~da o|oa dl cbfaco bfs akx hofex xboj xbo `oxxop bfah! Fah fs xbo
holoahfaxs o|dhoaco hojkasxpfxos% xboso f`dedxdos }opjdx xbo `osx }kgop }eftops xk }po|fde k|op
xbo eoss*sgdeeoh }eftops k|op f sopdos kl bfahs! Soo Fe Fe|fpoy% Xbo @dnnosx Nfjo da Xk~a 8?
6423$ Da }kgop% fs da nkel% ! ! ! W}kgop }eftopsZ fpo `oxxdan ka xbodp k~a sgdees! Xbo cfphs nk
pkuah% `ux da xbo oah xbo `osx }eftops ~da! ^boa xbo }kgop }eftops `ox ka s}kpxs% bk~o|op% xbot
fpo }uxxdan hk~a ndnfaxdc sujs ka o|oaxs ~bkeet `otkah xbodp ckaxpke! ! ! ! ]eftops ~bk jfgo
xpojoahkus fjkuaxs kl jkaot xbpkunb xbodp xfeoaxs fx xbo }kgop xf`eo nk kux fah hosxpkt dx
`oxxdan ka xbdans xbot bf|o ak ckaxpke k|op% WF!I!Z JtopsW% f ponuefp fah succosslue xkupafjoax
}kgop }eftop%Z sfdh!$
Ckanposs ckueh bf|o s}ocdldoh xbfx nfj`edan ~fs edjdxoh xk nfjos kl cbfaco% kp daceuhoh
}kgop da xbo cfp|o kux }pk|dsdka kl xbo DN@F! Soo Xupgoxxo% 8?0 _!S! fx ?26 hocedadan xk bkeh
xbfx PDCK ~fs edjdxoh xk eondxdjfxo oaxop}pdsos uahopoiushojnoaopds% fs }pk}ksoh `t xbo
holoahfax% ~bopo Ckanposs ckueh ofsdet bf|o s}ocdldoh xbfx oeojoax `t daceuhdan fhhdxdkafe
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