us ch 13 2013

Quiz # 1 Book of Secrets

Put clues in order:

1. Native American plank2. Paris, France3. Surrender your hand4. Resolute desk5. The debt that all men paid6. Mount Rushmore7. Buckingham Palace8. Statue of Liberty9. Symbol of eagle and scroll10. Five key letter word (death)11. The president’s Book12. Cloudless rain13. Laboulaye Lady14. Oval Office, White House 15. Noble bird

1. What does Cibola means?2. What native language was the plank written?3. Who was the General that fought in the Little

Bighorn4. Name the three place where the Statue of

Liberty created by Laboulaye can be found.5. What is the resolute desk made out of?6. Name the year that the Statue of Liberty was

built.7. Name the two president who did not use the

resolute desk.8. Name the Queen of England that gave the

resolute desk as a gift to US.9. Name the place where George Washington

lived.10. Where was the President’s Book located?11. Who said, “ the last full measure of

devotion?” And what speech did he mentioned it?

12. Who was the first president to receive the resolute desk from the Queen of England

13. Who was the president who destroyed the plank.

14. What type of bird is known as the noble bird.

Moving WestChapter 13

How to settle the West

Homestead Act

• To settle the land, government gave 160 acres of land to citizens– Rules:

• American citizen or immigrant filing for citizenship

• Build house • Live in house 6 months out of

year• Farm land 5 yrs in a row

before ownership set

372,000 new farms - 600,000land claims – 80 million acres

Native American vs. New Settlers

• Great Plains: area of land between Mississippi River and Rocky Mountains.– Natives deemed

settlers as invaders– Sacred land invaded– Indians were nomads

• Move from place to place…why?

– Food, survival, buffalo

Buffalo

• Meat (some dried for winter)

• Hides – teppes and clothing

• Sinew (muscle, tendon, ligament) made into thread, bowstring

• Bones- tools, horns for eating utensils

• Dried dung- fuel• Rough side of tongue-

hairbrush • Hunted only what they need• disturb land and creatures as

little as possible– any wasteful or harmful use of

environment upset vision of balanced world

Sand Creek Massacre- 1864 (Colorado)

• Gold was found• Natives forced to

live in a barren land raided nearby trails for food

– Gen. Curtis telegram colonel John Chivington “no peace, kill and scalp, all big and little” (wants revenge for the death of his family)

– attacked sleeping village- 450 died (mostly women and children- mutilated bodies)

• after government promise protection

Battle of the Hundred Slain (Fetterman Massacre) 1866

• Government promise land in Colorado to the Indians forever

– government needed to build a road through Indian lands (Bozeman Trail)

– soldiers continue to build forts on the trail

Chief Red Cloud

• appealed to government- failed

• Cheyenne, Arapaho and Sioux began guerrilla warfare (small bands of surprise raids to harass troops)

• Sioux ambush and surrounded soldiers killing all 82 of them

• Indians agreed to live in reservation (public land set aside for Natives)

• (promise protection and supplies- mostly arrives late, insufficient and poor quality)

Battle of the Little Big Horn 1876

• news of gold forced them out again

• (Red Cloud and Spotted Tail appealed to government- failed)

• Gen. George Armstrong Custer led 265 men against 1,500 warriors

• Several mistakes:– Custer was warned by Indian

scouts– Underestimate number of warriors– His men and horses exhausted– Split up regiment– Crazy Horse, Sitting Bull, Rain in

the Face led the Sioux- – Custer was killed and 2,500 of his

men within 20 min. that angered many American demanded revenge

– 1876- Crazy Horse captured- Sioux surrendered (died in jail)

– Sitting Bull became an attraction (William F. Cody “Buffalo Bill” Wild West Show)

Vanishing Buffalo

• Buffalo was part of Indian culture

• thousands were slaughtered to provide food for railroad crew

• buffalo hunting became sport

• hunters shot buffalo by thousands (Buffalo Bill killed 4,300/8mnth

• merchants discovered thriving market for buffalo hides

– decrease from 13 million few hundreds by 1900

– Plain Indians could not support themselves

– Depended on government for food

– Most money went to the pockets of the corrupt politician

Please do not hunt

me!

Dawes Act 1887• to break up traditional

tribe• Bring Indians into

American life “Americanization”

• Set up school for Indian children to teach them “American way”

• Game them plot of land, but many white settlers cheated them out of it

• Assimilation:– attempt in which one

society becomes a part of another, more dominant society by adopting its culture

Wounded Knee (S. Dakota)

1890• some Indians resisted the

Americanization • Sioux practiced traditional dance

“Ghost Dance”• sacred ritual – to call buffalo back• misinterpreted as a call to war

– summoned troops to put a stop to it

– arrested several hundred of group of Indians, in confusion someone fired a shot accidentally- troops turned their machine gun in the defenseless Indians

– 300 men, women, children killed

– symbol of the sad fate of the Indian people and its vanishing culture

Chapter 13 Section 1Workbook- Questions and

Answers

1. How did the discovery of gold affect the settlement of the West? (page 410 top paragraph.)

Indian Reservations TodayIndian Reservations TodayIndian Reservations TodayIndian Reservations Today

Quiz Ch 13 S11. Policy to Americanize the Natives2. Sacred rituals of the Natives to call on their ancestors to bring back their

way of life3. Event where 400 sleeping members of a tribe where massacre by John

Chivington for revenge4. Two things Buffalo were used by the Natives5. Free land of 160 acres given to anyone who were willing to farm it for 5

years6. Battle where. Gen. Custer made several mistakes and cost him his life7. Event where troops mistaken it as a call for war killing 300 8. Attempt in which one society becomes part of another dominant society9. Event where natives killed 82 troops in Bozeman Trail10. Public land set aside for nativesBONUS:1. Two reason for vanishing buffalo2. What is the region between Mississippi River and Rocky Mountain3. Chief that led the killing of 82 troops

Exodusters-thousands of African American migrating Exodusters-thousands of African American migrating from South to Great Plainsfrom South to Great Plains

Hardships• Lived in soddy– Homes made of sod:

grass, root and dirt. ($3.00)

• Livable homestead cost ($1000)

• Difficulty farming for five years to claim land

• Bugs: – grasshoppers, locusts

• ate wheat, rye barley fields

– mosquitos• Carried disease

• Drought– Reduced land

productivity

Land Use: As Buffalo disappear, cattle will Land Use: As Buffalo disappear, cattle will flourishflourish

Land Use: As Buffalo disappear, cattle will Land Use: As Buffalo disappear, cattle will flourishflourish

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OPEN RANGE- the areas of public domain north of Texas where more than 5,000,000 cattle were driven to fatten and be shipped off to slaughter. In response to the need for meat, ranchers began rounding up the herds of longhorns (breed of sturdy, long horn cattle). They drove the herds hundreds of miles called long drives (overland transport). Ranchers employed cowhands to tend the cattle and drive the herds to the market. Their job was to keep the cattle moving and round of strays.

The Cattle Trails

• Chisholm Trail- major cattle route from San Antonio, Texas to Oklahoma to Kansas

Life of a CowboyLife of a Cowboy• Cowboys or “buckaroo”

(vaqueros)- skilled riders who herded cattle on ranches

• Wear chaps (chaparreras ) or leather overall

• Eats “jerky” (charqui) or dried strips of meat

• Bronco caballo or rough or wild horse now known as bronco

• Mestenos (strays) same Mustangs that American tame

• Ranch (rancho)• Corral and rodeo were also

borrowed from Spanish

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ranchers put up fences in their fields ranchers put up fences in their fields with barbed wirewith barbed wire. As more farmers . As more farmers strung barbed wire, strung barbed wire, the open range the open range began to disappear.began to disappear. Bad weather Bad weather ended the cattle kingdom herdsended the cattle kingdom herds. The . The bitter cold of the next winter killed bitter cold of the next winter killed millions of cattle. By the spring of millions of cattle. By the spring of 1887, nine out of ten cattle have frozen 1887, nine out of ten cattle have frozen to death. to death.

Legendary Female Western Legendary Female Western CharactersCharacters

Legendary Female Western Legendary Female Western CharactersCharacters

Calamity JaneCalamity JaneExpert shooterExpert shooter

Calamity JaneCalamity JaneExpert shooterExpert shooter

Annie OakleyAnnie OakleyAnnie OakleyAnnie Oakley

Prospecting- act of searching for goldProspecting- act of searching for goldProspecting- act of searching for goldProspecting- act of searching for gold

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Many Americans were Many Americans were lured to the West by the lured to the West by the chance to strike it rich by chance to strike it rich by mining gold and silver. mining gold and silver. The Western Mining The Western Mining boom had begun with the boom had begun with the California California Gold RushGold Rush of of 1849. 1849.

Gold or silver StrikeGold or silver Strike

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In 1859, two young prospectors struck gold in the Sierra Nevada lands. Henry Comstock discovered a vein of gold called a lode. The Comstock Lode attracted thousands of prospectors.

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Thousands of people came Thousands of people came West to supply the miners West to supply the miners with materials such as tools, with materials such as tools, food, and clothing. People food, and clothing. People opened restaurants, boarding opened restaurants, boarding houses, laundries, etc. houses, laundries, etc.

• Miners arrive, tent cities Miners arrive, tent cities formed, formed,

• later became towns and cities. later became towns and cities. • Mining boomMining boom

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When the gold was gone the city’s turned When the gold was gone the city’s turned into into ghost townsghost towns. A. A ghost town was an was an abandoned town. abandoned town.

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33

What does this political cartoon tell you about the Populist Party?

34

At the end of 1896, the Populist Party broke up and William McKinley became the new President.

President William McKinley

35

To the Indians, the railroad was a terrifying monster, an “iron horse” letting out black smoke and moving at stunning speeds.

The Railroads

36

As cities grew the Federal Government encouraged railroad building in the West. During the Civil War, Congress loaned money to the railroad companies. The railroad companies built railroads to connect the East and the West.

37

In 1863, two companies began the race to build the first transcontinental railroad. They were called the Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroad. The Transcontinental Railroad was a railroad that stretched across the from the east coast to west coast.

38

Both companies building the railroad had trouble getting workers. Labor was scarce, backbreaking, and dangerous. The pay was also very low. Many of the railroad companies used immigrant workers to build the railroad. The railroad used thousands of workers from China, Ireland, Mexico, and Africa. Many workers were killed by snow storms and avalanches.

39

The Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroad met at Promontory Point on May 10, 1869. They hammered a golden spike into the rail that joined the 2 tracks. People in the country celebrated the goals achieved by the two railroads. Before long other major railroad lines will link to the West and East. Soon wherever rail lines went, towns and cities spring up all along the tracks.

The Transcontinental Railroad. The golden spike