unusual features in Šó ka romani (associative and ostensives)

Unusual features in Šóka Romani(associative and ostensives)

Viktor ElšíkCharles University

Project Linguistic research on Šóka Romani, 2000-2002supported by

OPEN SOCIETY INSTITUTE, Budapest

Austria

Czechia

Ukr

aine

Poland

Hungary

SCSC

NCNC

Šóka Romani

RR

R

R

R

R

R

VV

V

V

V

V

SlovakHungarian

Associative

Hungarian

kőműves ‘bricklayer’kőműves-ek ‘bricklayers’kőműves-ék ‘bricklayer & his work team’

Alena ‘Alena’Alená-k ‘Alenas’Alena-ék ‘Alena & her family/friends’

Associative

Hungariankőműves ‘bricklayer’kőműves-ek ‘bricklayers’kőműves-ék ‘bricklayer & his work team’

Šóka Romanikémívėš-i ‘bricklayer’kémívėšš-ė ‘bricklayers’kémívėš-ingere ‘bricklayer & his work team’

Associative

HungarianAlena ‘Alena’Alená-k ‘Alenas’Alena-ék ‘Alena and her family/friends’

Šóka RomaniAlen-a ‘Alena’Alen-i ‘Alenas’Alen-angere ‘Alena and her family/friends’

Associative v. genitive (form)

ASS kémívėš-in-ger-e

GEN.SGNOM.PL kémívėš-is-ker-e

GEN.PLNOM.PL kémívėš-en-ger-e

Associative v. genitive (form)

ASS Alen-an-ger-e

GEN.SGNOM.PL Alen-a-ker-e

GEN.PLNOM.PL Alen-en-ger-e

Associative marking

OBL.SG OBL.PL ASS Kálo M -es- -en- -en- Grófo M -os- -en-/-on- -on- Gumi M -is- -en- -in- Rička M -as- -en- -an- Káli F -a- -en- -an- Čuma F -a- -en- -an- Néni F -i- -en- -in-

Associative marking

OBL.SG OBL.PL ASS Kálo M -e s- -e n- -e n- Grófo M -o s- -e/o n- -o n- Gumi M -i s- -e n- -i n- Rička M -a s- -e n- -a n- Káli F -a – -e n- -a n- Čuma F -a – -e n- -a n- Néni F -i – -e n- -i n-

OBL.SG.M

Associative marking

OBL.SG OBL.PL ASS Kálo M -e s- -e n- -e n- Grófo M -o s- -e/o n- -o n- Gumi M -i s- -e n- -i n- Rička M -a s- -e n- -a n- Káli F -a – -e n- -a n- Čuma F -a – -e n- -a n- Néni F -i – -e n- -i n-

OBL.PL

Associative marking

OBL.SG OBL.PL ASS Kálo M -e s- -e n- -e n- Grófo M -o s- -e/o n- -o n- Gumi M -i s- -e n- -i n- Rička M -a s- -e n- -a n- Káli F -a – -e n- -a n- Čuma F -a – -e n- -a n- Néni F -i – -e n- -i n-

SG class

Associative marking

OBL.SG OBL.PL ASS Kálo M -e s- -e n- -e n- Grófo M -o s- -e/o n- -o n- Gumi M -i s- -e n- -i n- Rička M -a s- -e n- -a n- Káli F -a – -e n- -a n- Čuma F -a – -e n- -a n- Néni F -i – -e n- -i n-

PL class

Associative marking

OBL.SG OBL.PL ASS Kálo M -e s- -e n- -e n- Grófo M -o s- -e/o n- -o n- Gumi M -i s- -e n- -i n- Rička M -a s- -e n- -a n- Káli F -a – -e n- -a n- Čuma F -a – -e n- -a n- Néni F -i – -e n- -i n-

Associative marking

Alen- -a- SG

Alen- -a- -n- ASS

Alen- -e- -n- PL

focus on a single referent

plural reference

Associative inflection

NOM kémívėš-i-n-ger-e

VOC kémívėš-i-n-ger-alen

ACC kémívėš-i-n-ger-en

DAT kémívėš-i-n-ger-en-ge

LOC kémívėš-i-n-ger-en-de

ABL kémívėš-i-n-ger-en-dar

SOC kémívėš-i-n-ger-en-ca

GEN kémívėš-i-n-ger-en-ger-o/i/e

Associative v. genitive

ASS Alenangere ‘Alena and her family’reference includes Alena

GEN Alenakerehead use, e.g. ‘Alena’s family’reference excludes Alena

Picture of the former Šóka péró

Adajbešasahi

áke.‘We used tolive here.’

And adá kher áke.

‘In thishouse.’

Ostensives v. deictics

GESTURE NO GESTURE

deictic yes yes

ostensive yes no

deictics need not be accompanied by gestures

ostensives must be accompanied by gestures

Demonstratives and local deictics

DEM STATIVE DIRECTIVE SEPARATIVE

a-d-á a-d-a-j a-nďa á-thar

o-d-á o-d-o-j o-nďa ó-thar

a-k-á á-k-a-j a-k-ija a-k-a-thar

o-k-á o-k-o-j o-k-ija o-k-o-thar

am-o-k-á am-o-k-o-j am-o-k-ija am-o-k-o-thar

local ostensives

á-k-eó-k-e

Ostensives áke/óke

adaj bešasahi áke‘we used to live here ’

and adá kher áke‘in this house’

Grammaticalisation

adaj bešasahi áke‘we used to live here ’

and adá kher áke‘in this house’

Grammaticalisation

adaj bešasahi áke ák-adaj bešasahi‘we used to live here ’

and adá kher áke and ák-adá kher‘in this house’

Demonstratives

adá adá ... áke ák-adá

aká aká ... áke ák-aká

odá odá ... óke ók-odá

oká oká ... óke ók-oká

amoká amoká ... óke ók-amoká

Mr. Lakatoš caught a fish

Kibedor sa i čuka?‘How big was the pike?’

Assi dugi-je!‘This long!’

The kontráši and the prímáši

Jaj, de šukáre bašavel o Ďusi!‘Wow, Ďusi plays so nicely!’

Avka le site keres-e, Deži!‘This is how you have to do it, Deži!’

Ostensive -(j)e

assi dugi-je‘this long’

avka le site keres-e‘this is how you have to do it’

‘you have to do it like this ’

Non-local deictics

quality a-sso ‘such’ak-a-savo

manner avka ‘so’

quantity a-ťťi ‘so much’

size e-bedor ‘so big’

savo

sar

ki-ťťi

ki-bedor

Ostensive -(j)e

tu na kames ebedora sobi-je?tu ebedora sobi na kames-e?

‘you don’t like this big rooms?’

utterance-finalphonologically-conditioned allomorphyenclitic, not suffix: *kameh-e

Ostensives v. deictics

DEICTIC OSTENSIVE GESTURE

localáke/óke pointing

demonstrative

quality

-(j)epointingmeasure

performative

manner

quantity

size

The unusual features

associativeIs it found in other dialects influenced by Hungarian? In other dialects?

ostensive particlesLikely to be found in other dialects!