unit i: matter

MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES

Unit 1

Building Blocks of Matter

Mass – A measure of the amount of matterMatter – Anything that has mass and takes up

spaceAtom - Smallest Unit of an element that

maintains the chemical identity of that element

Element – Pure substance that can be broken down into simpler, stable substances

Compound – A substance that can be broken down into simple substances (elements).

Properties and Changes in Matter

Intensive Properties – Do not Depend on amount of matter present

Extensive Properties – Depend on the amount of matter that is present

States of Matter

Solid – State of matter that has a definitive state and volume

Liquid – Definite Volume but indefinite shapeGas – Neither definite volume nor shapePlasma – High temperature physical state of

matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons, particles that make up atoms

Classification of Matter -Mixtures

Mixture – A blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties

Homogeneous Mixture – Uniform in CompositionSolution – A homogeneous mixture in which one

substance is dissolved in anotherHeterogeneous Mixture – Non-Uniform in

compositionColloid – Particles are mixed together but not

dissolved. It will not separate upon standing. The particles are constantly colliding, which allows light to scatter, appearing cloudy.

Suspension – Particles mixed together that settle out when standing.

Pure Substances

A pure substance has a fixed composition and differs from a mixture in that

1. Every sample of a pure substance have the same characteristics throughout.

2. Every sample of a pure substance has the same composition throughout

Physical Properties and Changes in Matter

Physical Property – a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance

Physical Change – A change in substance that does not involve a change in the identity of a substance

Change of State – Changing of a phase of matter

Chemical Properties and Chemical Change

Chemical Property – Relates to a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances

Chemical Reaction – A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances

Reactants – The substances that react in a chemical change

Products – The substances that are formed by the chemical change

Physical VS Chemical Changes

Physical

substance changes state but does not change its chemical composition.

crumpling a sheet of paper

melting an ice cubecasting silver in a

moldbreaking a bottle

Chemical

substance changes into something new.

burning wooddissolving salt in

watermixing acid and basedigesting food

Physical ChangesShape and size changes Mixing and dissolving

Chemical Changes

Reactants and Products

Reactants are the substances combined to form Products.