unit 7

Unit 7The Urinary System

Essential Questions• What are the functions of the kidney?• How is urine formed and what are the

components of urine?• How does what we ingest have an

effect on our urine?• What role does ADH play in urine

formation?

Day 1• Required Readings:

• 16.1, 16.2

• Learning Objectives:• Identify the organs of the urinary system and

describe their general functions• Describe the structure and blood supply of the

kidney• Describe the structure and functions of a nephron• Compare filtration, tubular reabsorption, and

tubular secretion• Explain how urine is formed

Starter• Bozeman Video: Osmoregulation• What is the difference between an osmoconformer and

an osmoregulator?• How are salt water and fresh water fish’s urine

different?• What is/are:

• Nephrons• Loop of Henle• Glomerulus• Collecting duct

• Time: 20 minutes

Activity 1• What are the 3 functions of the kidney?• Write a poem that outlines the

functions of the kidney• Time: 20 minutes

Activity 2• On poster paper, draw a picture of a nephron

and include the following structures:• Glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, descending

limb, ascending limb, collecting duct, loop of Henle

• On the ascending limb, descending limb, and collecting duct, include the following:• Where water is absorbed/secreted • Where salt is absorbed/secreted

• Time: 40 minutes

Closing • Why is water removed in the descending limb

only to be reabsorbed in the ascending limb?• Which hormone is responsible in urine

production?• How does urine production alter with the

consumption of the following:• Caffeine• Alcohol• Excess water• Not enough water?

Day 2• Required Readings:

• Kidney Dissection

• Learning Objectives:• To identify the structures and functions

of the structures of the kidney• To determine the fate of a soda

molecule

Starter• Label the following parts on the kidney

and nephron:• Time: 10 minutes

Answers• Kidney

• 1) Renal cortex• 2) Renal medulla• 3) Renal pelvis (minor/major calyx)• 4) Nephron• 5) Ureter

• Nephron• A) Glomerulus • B) Descending limb• C) Loop of Henle• D) Ascending Limb• E) Collecting Duct

Activity 1• Kidney dissection• Read through the instructions and

dissect with your group• Clean up when you are finished• Time: 30 minutes

Activity 2• Using the powerpoint slides as a guide,

write a story explaining what happens to a coke when you drink it

• Use a diagram to help aid your explanation

• Time: 20 minutes

Homework• Complete your story – Due February 11

Day 3• Required Readings:

• 16.3

• Learning Objectives:• Explain how water and electrolyte

balance and pH balance are maintained in body fluids

• Explain how nitrogenous wastes are kept within normal limits in body fluids

Starter• The following four hormones act on the

kidneys:• Aldosterone• Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)• Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)• Parathyroid hormone

• What is the function of these hormones?• Where do the hormones come from?• Time: 15 minutes

Activity 1• Read through “The 2000-Meter Row: A Case

in Homeostasis” with your group• For the questions, there are 2 systems we

haven’t talked about yet (nervous, endocrine), but try your best to incorporate those systems into your answers• The hormones you can talk about are the 4

that act on the kidneys as well as epinephrine (adrenaline)

• Time: 30 minutes

Activity 2• You will be assigned numbers 1-4• Move to your new group and discuss

what was happening physiologically to Jim during his 2000m race

• Time: 15 minutes

Activity 3• Create a poster for the athletes at TASOK

explaining the importance water intake• Everyone will create one

• Ideas to get you started:• How does dehydration negatively effect their

performance?• What are some long-term effects of dehydration• What are good drinks to have during and after

exercise? (Think: electrolyte balance)• What advantage would monitoring their pee

have? How should it look?

• Time: 30 minutes

Closing & Homework• What hormones act on the kidneys and

what are their functions?• How does water intake effect an

athlete’s performance?• Homework:

• Coke story• Water poster• Read 16.4, 16.5

Day 4• Required Readings:

• 16.4, 16.5

• Learning Objectives:• Describe the structure and function of

the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

• Describe the control of micturition• Indicate the normal components of

urine

Starter• What are the components in urine?• What components would be a concern

if they were found in the urine?• What could a potential diagnosis be if

these components are found in the urine?

• Time: 10 minutes

Activity 1• Create a model of the structures involved

in micturition• The model should be a working model that

shows what happens when urine enters the bladder• i.e. How much urine can the bladder hold?• What happens when urine accumulates in

the bladder?

• Time: 20 minutes

Activity 2• Complete Lab 1: Urinalysis• You will need a hot plate, test tubes, test

tube rack, and test tube tongs• Put everything you used that needs to be

washed in the sink after• Please put the dissecting pans, dissecting

kits and stopwatches back in your lab bench when completed

• Time: 45 minutes

Closing• What could the presence of glucose

indicate?• What could the presence of protein

indicate?

Homework• Complete Lab 1: Urinalysis

• Due February 17

Day 5• Required Readings:

• Modeling Kidney Function

• Learning Objectives:• Investigate the function of a human kidney

by constructing a model• Understand the mechanism of urine

formation in the kidney• Observe osmosis as it relates to kidney

filtration• Relate kidney function to homeostasis

Starter• What is the function of kidneys with

regards to waste materials and blood composition?

• How do the kidneys help maintain homeostasis of body fluids?

• Time: 10 minutes

Activity 1• Describe the flow of urine and what happens in

each of the following structures:• Nephron• Ureter• Ascending tubule• Bowman’s capsule• Bladder• Collecting duct• Glomerulus• Descending tubule• Urethra

• Time: 20 minutes

Activity 2• Read through “Modeling Kidney

Function” with your group• Explain to me what you are going to do

before you begin• Clean-up when complete • Time: 30 minutes

Activity 3• “Going Further”• Work with your group in the computer

lab to complete the first paragraph in this section

• Time: 25 minutes

Homework• Urinalysis Lab• Modeling Kidney Function• “Going Further”

Day 6• Required Readings:

• Urinalysis Lab

• Learning Objectives:• Analyze urine samples for colour, pH,

glucose, protein, and specific gravity• Use data collected from the tests to

determine potential causes of abnormal results

Starter• Answer the pre-lab questions on S-2 of

your lab packet• Time: 15 minutes

Activity 1• Read through “Activity 2” that starts on

page S-6• Each student will test their own urine

and answer the lab questions (1-3) for their own sample

• Create a data table to hand in with your answers

• Time: 10 minutes

Activity 2• Obtain a sample of your urine to test

• You do not need to fill the cup completely – you only need ~25mL

• Complete the tests for your sample• Clean up when complete

• Throw anything that has touched your urine into the bin (pipettes, cups, paper towel, glucose strips, etc.)

• Time: 45 minutes

Closing• What could the following indicate if

found in urine?• High pH• Glucose• Protein

• Time: 5 minutes

Homework• Complete your urinalysis lab questions

if you did not complete them in class

Day 7• Required Readings:

• 16.6

• Learning Objectives:• Describe the common disorders of the

urinary system

Activity 1• Choose any 3 of the following disorders to research:

• Kidney stone, chronic kidney disease, urinary tract infection (UTI), hematuria, kidney disease, urinary incontinence

• Present your findings to me in any way you choose, for example:• Powerpoint, Table/chart, Venn diagram, Poem, Song, Comic

Strip, Diagram, Flow chart, etc.

• What to include:• Cause(s)• Signs & Symptoms• Treatments• Statistics

Day 8• Summative assessment