twa- reading strategy (expository text comprehension)
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TWA- READING STRATEGY (EXPOSITORY TEXT COMPREHENSION)
Stephanie Irizarry
Teaching Learning Strategies SPED
EDU 315-01
What is TWA?
Mnemonic used for reading Has 3 parts
Before, during, and after reading 9 strategies altogether Can be used for the whole class,
groups, and for individual students
What are Mnemonics?
“A word, sentence, picture
device, or a technique for improving or
strengthening memory” (Wolgemuth p. 1)
When are mnemonics used?
“Teachers use the strategy
whenever they want students to
remember important information.”Can be used in all subjects, foreign
language vocabulary, spelling, phonics, and spelling.
Kleinheksel, K., & Summy, S. (2003). Enhancing Student Learning and Social Behavior Through Mnemonic Strategies. Teaching Exceptional
Children, 36(2), 30-35. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database.
Three Types of Mnemonic Strategies
Letter strategy (ppt focus)
Keyword strategy Pegword strategy
BECAUSEBig Elephants Can Always Understand Small Elephants
The first component of TWA
T-Think Before ReadingThink about:
○ The Authors Purpose○ What you know○ What you want to learn
Second Component of TWA
W- While ReadingThink about:
○ Reading Speed○ Linking Knowledge○ Rereading Parts
The Final Component of TWA
A- After ReadingThink about:
○ The Main Idea○ Summarizing
Information○ What you Learned
Who benefits from TWA?
All Students Benefit from TWA!!
Your Turn!
Lets practice what TWA stands for! T __________ _________
________ W __________ _________
________ A __________ _________
________
References Kleinheksel, K., & Summy, S. (2003). Enhancing Student Learning and Social
Behavior Through Mnemonic Strategies. Teaching Exceptional Children, 36(2), 30-35. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database.
Mason, L. (2004). Explicit Self-Regulated Strategy Development Versus Reciprocal Questioning: Effects on Expository Reading Comprehension Among Struggling Readers. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96(2), 283-296. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.96.2.283.
Mason, L., Meadan, H., Hedin, L., & Corso, L. (2006). Self-Regulated Strategy Development Instruction for Expository Text Comprehension. Teaching Exceptional Children, 38(4), 47-52. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database.
Wolgemuth, J., Cobb, R., & Alwell, M. (2008). The Effects of Mnemonic Interventions on Academic Outcomes for Youth with Disabilities: A Systematic Review. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice (Blackwell Publishing Limited), 23(1), 1-10. doi:10.1111/j.1540- 5826.2007.00258.x.
(2006). TWA + PLANS Strategies for Expository Reading and Writing: Effects for Nine Fourth-Grade Students. Exceptional Children, 73(1), 69-87. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database.
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