the united states in the 1840’s

THE UNITED STATES IN THE 1840’S

Ms. McCarthy8th Grade Social Studies

1. Pull Factor

2. Push Factor

-Attracts people to move to a place

-Forces people to move away from a place

A/B Writing:Write, defending the statement you believe to be true. There

is no “C” or “both” option!

A BThe Mormons

moved to Utah because of push factors.

The Mormons moved to Utah because of pull factors.

Manifest Destiny

IDEA THAT THE UNITED STATES SHOULD EXPAND ITS TERRITORY FROM THE ATLANTIC TO PACIFIC OCEAN

The Northeast Industrial Revolution

More factories more jobs more people

1860: New York City > 800,000 peoplePhiladelphia > 500,000 people

Factories Working Conditions:

In 1840, the average workday was 11.5 hours

HOT because of machines working, no air conditioning

Dangerous because of the new machinery and the willingness of factory operators to allow people (even children) to stick their hands in to fix

No laws regulating working conditions

Factories Unions:

Trade unions – organization of workers of the same trade (job) or skill

Strikes – refusing to work to put pressure on employer to make changes

In most places it was illegal to strike Massachusetts made it legal to strike in

1842 Many factory owners refused to hire

people belonging to unions

Immigration

Irish About 1.5 million Irish immigrants came

to the U.S. between 1846 and 1860 Reason: potato famine – food shortage Men: worked in factories or did manual

labor – many built the canals and railroads of the North and Midwest

Women: worked in factories or as servants

Settled mainly in Northeast

Immigration German

About 1 million immigrated to U.S. between 1848 and 1860

Reasons: economic opportunity and because of the Revolution of 1848 (March Revolution)

They had more money than the Irish, so they took better jobs and made more profit in the U.S.

Settled in the Mid-Atlantic and Great Lakes regions

Nativists Most immigrants before 1840 were

English or African Some Americans did not want the new

immigrants in the U.S. Blamed disease and crime in the cities

on immigrants Did not believe in Catholic religion

(Irish= Catholic) Formed political party called the “Know

Nothings”

Ticket Out Define the three types of white Southern

farmers.

Has your conception (picture) of the American South changed at all? How? Or, why not?

Conditions of Slavery Read the statements about slavery, and

highlight one from each section that makes you think.

Conditions of Slavery Slaves lived in small cabins with dirt

floors Most slaves had families, but those

families were not recognized by law 1808- Slave trade outlawed

After, all new slaves born as slaves in U.S.

Kept some of culture – music, clothing, dance

Many became Christian b/c message about heaven

Slave Codes Laws that aimed to limit rebellion

They made it illegal for: Anyone to teach a slave to read or

write Slaves to meet in large groups Slaves to leave a master’s property

without written permission

Human Rights

rights that are considered universal to humanity, regardless of citizenship, residency status, ethnicity, gender, or other considerations.

Civil Rights• rights guaranteed to U.S. citizens and residents

by legislation and by the Constitution

Abolition abolitionists - people who worked to

abolish, or _____, slavery

American Colonization Society Virginia 1816 Bought slaves to free them Intention to send them to colonize another

land 1822 began sending groups to settle in

Liberia 1847 Liberia became an independent country Between 1822 and 1860 roughly 12,000 to

20,000 people went to Liberia Did NOT limit slavery

William Lloyd Garrison From Massachusetts, went to Baltimore The Liberator was his anti-slavery newspaper One of the first whites to totally denounce

slavery Garrison started these anti-slavery groups: 1832 - New England Anti-Slavery Society 1833- American Anti-Slavery Society In 1838, Garrison's anti-slavery societies had

more than 1,000 chapters (local branches)

Grimke Sisters

Sarah and Angelina Born in South Carolina on a plantation Witnessed slavery firsthand Moved to Philadelphia in 1832 Convinced mother to leave them slaves

as their inheritance sisters freed the slaves

Angelina and her husband Theodore Weld

Wrote American Slavery As It Is in 1839

Collection of first-hand stories of slavery

Very Influential

Frederick Douglass Runaway slave from Maryland Settled in Massachusetts Finally settled in New York As a runaway, he could have been captured and

returned to his master at any time Self-taught: reading, writing Began the Massachusetts Anti-slavery Society Had an anti-slavery news paper called the Northstar Bought his freedom in 1847 Travelled to London and the West Indies to speak

out against slavery

Southern Opposition to Abolition

- It threatened their way of life- slave labor made the South wealthy- whites in the South very cultured as a result

- Argument that slave owners treated slaves better than factory owners treated wage workers

- Racism - many whites thought they were superior to Africans

Northern Opposition to Abolition

- Argument that African Americans would never become part of the rest of society

- Worry that free African Americans would take jobs

-1830s - mob tried to hang William Lloyd Garrison

-Abolitionist in Illinois, Lovejoy, was killed by a mob-his newspaper press was set on fire, then he was shot as he tried to escape

Look Familiar?What is this quote?

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.

Women’s MovementGroups of people with the aim to increase

women’s rights in the United States.

Lucretia Mott Quaker

Lectured on temperance (prohibiting alcohol), peace, workers' rights, and abolition

Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society

Elizabeth Cady Stanton Met Lucretia Mott in London

Wanted women's suffrage - the ability to vote

Seneca Falls Convention 1848 in Seneca Falls, NY First Women's Rights Convention 200 women and 40 men attended Called for:

end to laws that discriminated against women allow women in all-male trades suffrage

Suffrage: Mott thought it was too radical; Stanton and Frederick Douglass pushed for it to be included in the Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions

The Declaration included women's suffrage

Susan B. Anthony Daughter of Quaker abolitionist For: women's rights and temperance For: college for women, coeducation, and

equal pay 1851 met Stanton, they worked together

from then on

Accomplishments Wyoming - 1st state to allow women to vote in

1890 19th Amendment to the Constitution (women’s

right to vote) 1920 New York, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Mississippi,

Wisconsin, and California -recognized a woman's right to own property

Some states allowed guardianship of children to women

Indiana -1st state to allow a woman to apply for a divorce

only if the husband was an alcoholic