the politics of protest [ week 12]

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The Politics of Protest [ week 12]. Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism. How do we categorise different forms of ‘terrorism’?. Clandestine violence Unspecified violence Semi-military violence Autonomous violence. Donatella Della Porto (1995). Preconditions for left-wing terrorism. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The Politics of Protest [week 12]

Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism

How do we categorise different forms of ‘terrorism’?

-Clandestine violence- Unspecified violence- Semi-military violence- Autonomous violence

Donatella Della Porto (1995)

Preconditions for left-wing terrorism

-A sufficient amount of ‘bottled up’ anger- An intense political situation

- A confrontational state- Ineffective left-wing organisations

- No apparent alternative- Existence of credible models- Sufficient personal resolve

United States: Weather Underground

Germany: Red Army Faction

Italy: Red Brigades

Germany: Red Army Faction (Baader-Meinhof Group)

-Formed 1970- Andreas Baader, Ulrike Meinhof, Gudrun

Ensslin, Horst Mahler- inspired by PFLP and Tupamaros

Led to formation of:- Revolutionary Cells (RZ)- Movement 2 June

Italy: 12th December 1969 bombings

-Piazza Fontana (16 dead, 100 injured)- Banca di Lavoro (14 injured)

- Piazza Venezia monument (4 injured)- The case of Giuseppe Pinelli

- Law and order in Italy- The role of the radical Right

- The case of Vittorio Ambrosini

Italy: Red Brigades (Brigate Rosse)

- Origins and sociology- founded 1970

- gradual move toward terrorist activities- passive worker support – two examples

The Role of Secret Services

-Italian Armed Forces Institute for Strategic Studies

- Field Manual 30-31- increase in terror, 1969-78

- peak period: 1978-89

Terror in Western Europe: who were the culprits?

Three key issues to consider:

-The propensity for left-wing terror- Who is to blame for all this?

- A crisis of legitimacy

CONCLUSIONS

1. The problem of responsibility2. The problem of legitimacy

3. The role of the state4. Continuity vs. change5. Looking to the future

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