the northern renaissance
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The Northern RenaissanceChapter 15
Section 2
Key Terms
Johannes Gutenberg Desiderius Erasmus Sir Thomas More William Shakespeare Christine de Pisan Albrecht Durer Jan van Eyck
The Renaissance Spread North Trading networks
spread across northern Europe
Hanseatic League dominated trade
1200’s to 1400’s protected against pirates
Built lighthouses Trained ship
captains
The Renaissance Spreads North Spread by Italian artists Fled to northern Europe
to avoid clashes between monarchs
Brought humanist ideas and new painting techniques
Northern scholars traveled to Italy
Universities established in France, Germany, Netherlands
A Book Revolution
Johannes Gutenberg made the printing press
Used Chinese system- letters on a plate then locked into a press
Moveable type, text could be quickly printed on both sides of the paper
A Book Revolution
Produced books faster and cheaper
First publication was a 1,282 page Bible
Within 35 years his presses were as far away as Constantinople
Printed books provide more access to new ideas
People learned to read
Philosophers and Writers
Desiderius Erasmus-leading Christian humanists› Priest in the
Netherlands› Wrote about the need
for a pure and simple Christian life
› Stripped of rituals and politics of the church on earth
› Advised to educate children
Philosophers and Writers
Fanned the flames of discontent in the Church
His works were censored in Paris and condemned by the Church
Sir Thomas More
Humanism introduced to England by Italians
More became friends with Erasmus
More wrote Utopia Read across Europe Criticizes the English
government and society and a vision of a perfect society
It was a non-existent society based on reason
William Shakespeare
Greatest English playwright
Drew inspiration from ancient works
Wide understanding of natural science and humanist topics
Used language and choice of themes
Made plays appeal to uneducated people
William Shakespeare
Helped spread the ideas of Renaissance to mass audiences
Shift from religious morality
Focused on lives of realistic characters
Public theatres built by 1500’s
Theatres could hold 2,000 people
Christine de Pisan
Works focused on the roles of women
Grew up in the French court
Was widowed turned to writing
Poetry, biography of Charles IV, works to guide women to proper morality
Artists
Adopted Italian techniques
More realistic view of humanity
Albrecht Durer visited Italy› His works were oil
paintings› Characterized
northern Europe
Artists
› Reproduced the texture of wood
› Reflection of objects in a room in a mirror
› Scenes outside a window
› Other tiny details
Artists
Northern Netherlands (Flanders) developed their own style
Flemish School 1400’s
Perfected by Jan van Eyck’s work› Focused on
landscapes and domestic life
› Fused the everyday with religious
Artists
› Use of symbolism› Single lit candle or
light streaming in a window represented God’s presence
Hans Holbein used objects as symbols to characterize the subjects of his portraits
Artists
1500’s Pieter Brueghel (Flemish Artist)› Used Italian
techniques› Subject matter
followed northern artists
› Showed scenes from everyday peasant life
› Different from the mythical creatures of the Italian Artists
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