the humanistic perspective concepts and theories
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The Humanistic Perspective
Concepts and Theories
The Third Force To oversimplify the
matter somewhat, it is as if Freud supplied to us the sick half of psychology, and we must now fill it out with the healthy half.
Maslow 1968
Physiological
Safety
Belongingness
Esteem
Self-
Actualization
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow’s Types of Needs Basic Needs or
deficiency needs Metaneeds, our desire
to grow and use our capacities to the fullest
Physiological Needs Needs for food, water, air,
etc. These are the most
“prepotent” needs One function of civilization
is to satisfy these needs so we can focus on the higher ones
Behavioral research usually studies at this level
Safety Needs Needs for safety,
order, security, etc. Focused on after
physiological needs met
Belongingness & Love Needs
The need for affiliation, for friends, supportive family, group identification, intimate relationships
This level and higher ones often not satisfied even in affluent countries
Need to receive and to give love
Esteem Needs Need to be held in high
regard by self and others (not just “self-esteem”)
comes from mastery, achievement, adequacy, feelings of competence, confidence, independence
Ideally this need met by the deserved respect of others
Self-Actualization Needs A person must actualize,
that is make real, what exists inside them as a potential
Most other theorists wouldn’t see this as a need Freud would predict people
would stop at lower needs This may increase tension
yet “capacities clamor to be used”
Exceptions to the Hierarchy Esteem taking precedence over love
Person who ignores and ruins relationships in order to achieve
More extreme reversals Artists who have
produced their greatest works in times of dire physical need
More extreme reversals Martyrs
People who sacrifice their safety and lives for higher good
Peak and Plateau Experiences A peak experience is a
brief feeling of fully living that brings joy and excitement
Peak and Plateau Experiences Plateau are less
intense but still satisfying as they bring a heightened appreciation of life and tend to be more enduring
Both involve a transcendence of ordinary perceptions
Peak and Plateau Experiences “If I could teach a person only one thing, it
would be to live each day as if its were the last day of their life”
Maslow
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