the human body: an orientation - alderman science...
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PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation
by Patty Bostwick-Taylor,
Florence-Darlington Technical College
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
PART A 1
The Human Body:
An Orientation
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Human Body—An Orientation
Anatomy
Study of the structure and shape of the body
and its parts
Physiology
Study of how the body and its parts work or
function
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Anatomy—Levels of Study
Gross anatomy
Large structures
Easily observable
Figure 14.1
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Anatomy—Levels of Study
Microscopic Anatomy
Very small
structures
Can only be
viewed with
a microscope
Figure 14.4c–d
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Levels of Structural Organization
Figure 1.1
Smooth muscle cell Molecules
Atoms
Smooth
muscle
tissue
Epithelial
tissue
Smooth
muscle
tissue
Connective
tissue
Blood
vessel
(organ) Cardio-
vascular
system
Cellular level
Cells are made up of
molecules
Tissue level
Tissues consist of
similar types of cells
Organ level
Organs are made up
of different types
of tissues
Organ system level
Organ systems consist of different
organs that work together closely
Organismal level
Human organisms
are made up of many
organ systems
Chemical level
Atoms combine to
form molecules
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Levels of Structural Organization
Figure 1.1, step 1
Molecules
Atoms
Chemical level
Atoms combine to
form molecules
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Levels of Structural Organization
Figure 1.1, step 2
Smooth muscle cell Molecules
Atoms Cellular level
Cells are made up of
molecules
Chemical level
Atoms combine to
form molecules
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Levels of Structural Organization
Figure 1.1, step 3
Smooth muscle cell Molecules
Atoms
Smooth
muscle
tissue
Cellular level
Cells are made up of
molecules
Tissue level
Tissues consist of
similar types of cells
Chemical level
Atoms combine to
form molecules
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Levels of Structural Organization
Figure 1.1, step 4
Smooth muscle cell Molecules
Atoms
Smooth
muscle
tissue
Epithelial
tissue
Smooth
muscle
tissue
Connective
tissue
Blood
vessel
(organ)
Cellular level
Cells are made up of
molecules
Tissue level
Tissues consist of
similar types of cells
Organ level
Organs are made up
of different types
of tissues
Chemical level
Atoms combine to
form molecules
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Levels of Structural Organization
Figure 1.1, step 5
Smooth muscle cell Molecules
Atoms
Smooth
muscle
tissue
Epithelial
tissue
Smooth
muscle
tissue
Connective
tissue
Blood
vessel
(organ) Cardio-
vascular
system
Cellular level
Cells are made up of
molecules
Tissue level
Tissues consist of
similar types of cells
Organ level
Organs are made up
of different types
of tissues
Organ system level
Organ systems consist of different
organs that work together closely
Chemical level
Atoms combine to
form molecules
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Levels of Structural Organization
Figure 1.1, step 6
Smooth muscle cell Molecules
Atoms
Smooth
muscle
tissue
Epithelial
tissue
Smooth
muscle
tissue
Connective
tissue
Blood
vessel
(organ) Cardio-
vascular
system
Cellular level
Cells are made up of
molecules
Tissue level
Tissues consist of
similar types of cells
Organ level
Organs are made up
of different types
of tissues
Organ system level
Organ systems consist of different
organs that work together closely
Organismal level
Human organisms
are made up of many
organ systems
Chemical level
Atoms combine to
form molecules
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 1.2a
Organ System Overview
Integumentary
Forms the external body
covering
Protects deeper tissue from
injury
Helps regulate body
temperature
Location of cutaneous
nerve receptors
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 1.2b
Organ System Overview
Skeletal
Protects and supports
body organs
Provides muscle
attachment for movement
Site of blood cell
formation
Stores minerals
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 1.2c
Organ System Overview
Muscular
Produces movement
Maintains posture
Produces heat
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Organ System Overview
Nervous
Fast-acting control
system
Responds to internal and
external change
Activates muscles and
glands
Figure 1.2d
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Organ System Overview
Endocrine
Secretes regulatory
hormones
Growth
Reproduction
Metabolism
Figure 1.2e
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 1.2f
Organ System Overview
Cardiovascular
Transports materials in body
via blood pumped by heart
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Nutrients
Wastes
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Organ System Overview
Lymphatic
Returns fluids to blood
vessels
Cleanses the blood
Involved in immunity
Figure 1.2g
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Organ System Overview
Respiratory
Keeps blood supplied with
oxygen
Removes carbon dioxide
Figure 1.2h
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Organ System Overview
Digestive
Breaks down food
Allows for nutrient
absorption into blood
Eliminates indigestible
material
Figure 1.2i
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Organ System Overview
Urinary
Eliminates nitrogenous
wastes
Maintains acid-base
balance
Regulates water and
electrolytes
Figure 1.2j
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Organ System Overview
Reproductive
Produces
offspring
Figure 1.2k–l
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