the gospels byzantine online fall 2013 sandra collins, ph.d
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The GospelsThe GospelsByzantine Online
Fall 2013Sandra Collins, Ph.D.
Week 1 Week 1 IntroductionIntroduction
• Sandra (Sandee) Collins• scollins@bcs.edu• 412-321-8383, ext. 23• "For what could God
have more generously and abundantly provided in the divine writings than that the same words might be understood in various ways," (De doctrina Christiana, 3.27,28).
TextsTexts
BIBLE: BIBLE: introduction and termsintroduction and terms• Old Testament
(Christian)• Tanakh (Jewish)• Hebrew Bible
(academic)o Torah (lit. “teaching”)= can
be only first five books or a reference to the totality of the Old Testament
o Jews read the Bible descriptively
o Christians order the text to fit a predictive reading
Geography and datesGeography and dates• BCE = Before
Common Era • CE = Common Era• Judea (4th century
BCE-1st century CE)• Palestine (Latinized
Philistia; 135 CE to 20th century CE)
• Israel (1948-)
HISTORYHISTORY• Alexander the
Great and Roman Occupation (333 BCE-63 BCE)o Imposition of Hellenistic
(Greek) cultural normso Septuagint (LXX): Greek
translation of Hebrew Scriptures,Alexandria, ~250 BCE
o Establishment of Herodian kings (roughly 37-4 BCE
Herod Agrippa, or Agrippa the Great, ruler of Judea (10 BC – 44 AD)
Jesus the ChristJesus the Christ• Jesus (roughly 4
BCE – 33 CE)• Life corresponds with
Roman occupation of Judeao Pax Romana, or Roman peaceo Killed by Roman authorities
for sedition, or attempt to set up rival kingdom to that of the emperor of Rome, which is treason.
o Image (Augustus Caesar [63 BCE-14 CE]; Chiaramonti Museum, Braccio Nuovo).
Paul and earliest Paul and earliest ChristianityChristianity
• Period of 54-70 CE• Paul
o Apostle to the Gentileso Earliest NT writings we have
• Gospels o Roughly 65-90 CEo Mark is earliest; John the
latest
• 70 CEo Pivotal historical momento Temple is destroyed by Romeo Great diaspora, or expulsion,
of Jews from Judea
o Image: Existing southern steps of the Temple Mount, Jerusalem.
Johannine ChristianityJohannine Christianity• Roughly 90 CE and
following• Gospel of John;
Johannine Letters; Revelationo Strong pneumatologyo Trinitarian doctrine has its
roots here
““The Gospels are The Gospels are narratives.”narratives.”
• Image:o The ending of the
Gospel of Luke from Codex Alexandrinus, a 5th century copy of the Septuagint (Greek OT) and New Testament found in Alexandria, currently in the British Library.
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