the formation of western europe, 800–1500 quit chapter overview time line visual summary section...
Post on 27-Mar-2015
215 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
The Formation of Western Europe, 800–1500
QUIT
Chapter OverviewChapter Overview
Time LineTime Line
Visual SummaryVisual Summary
SECTION Church Reform and the Crusades 1
SECTION Trade, Towns, and Financial Revolution 2
SECTION England and France Develop 3
SECTION A Century of Turmoil 4
14CHAPTER
MAP
GRAPH
HOME
Chapter Overview
The Church is revitalized but its Crusades fail to capture Jerusalem. Rising prosperity and trade create thriving towns. France and England develop more representative government. Bubonic plague and the Hundred Years’ War bring an end to the Middle Ages.
14CHAPTER The Formation of
Western Europe, 800–1500
910 Benedictine Abbey founded at Cluny, France.
987 Capetian dynasty begins in France.
1066 Norman invasion of England.
14CHAPTER
Time Line
800 1500
HOME
The Formation of Western Europe, 800–1500
1453 Hundred Years’ War ends with French victory.
1347 Bubonic plague strikes Europe.
1096 First Crusade begins.
1215 King John approves Magna Carta.
A spiritual revival leads to Church reform, new religious orders, and the building of Gothic cathedrals. The Crusades, though unsuccessful, strengthen European monarchies and increase trade with the Middle East.
OverviewOverview AssessmentAssessment
Key Idea
Church Reformand the Crusades
1HOME
MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The Catholic Church underwent reform and launched Crusades (religious wars) against Muslims and others.
The Crusades resulted in trade and exploration between Christians and Muslims but left a legacy of distrust.
Overview
Church Reformand the Crusades
1
AssessmentAssessment
• simony
• St. Francis of Assisi
• Gothic
• Urban II
• Crusade
• Saladin
• Richard the Lion-Hearted
• Reconquista
• Inquisition
TERMS & NAMES
HOME
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List six key events that summarize the Age of Faith.
Church Reformand the Crusades
1
Section 1 Assessment
continued . . .
HOME
900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
910Benedictine monastery founded at
Cluny.
1090sPope calls for the
First Crusade.
1099Jerusalem
is captured by Christians.
1187Jerusalem
falls to Saladin.
1204Christian knights
loot Constantinople.
1492Reconquista ends in
Spain.
2. Which of the Church’s problems—marriage of priests, simony, lay investiture—do you think was most harmful to the Church? Why? THINK ABOUT
Section
Church Reformand the Crusades
1
1 Assessment
• the effects of each problem • the reforms that corrected each problem
ANSWERANSWER
• Priests’ marriages undermined the authority of the Church.
• Simony rewarded wealth, not merit.
• Lay investiture made bishops the pawns of kings.
Possible Responses:
HOME
End of Section 1
New farming methods and a growing food supply lead to expansion of trade and finance and the growth of towns. Interest in learning is revived as universities are established and ancient works are rediscovered.
OverviewOverview AssessmentAssessment
Key Idea
Trade, Towns, and Financial Revolution
2HOME
MAP
Trade, Towns, and Financial Revolution
2
European cities challenged the feudal system as agriculture, trade, finance, and universities developed.
The various changes in the Middle Ages laid the foundations for modern Europe.
Overview
AssessmentAssessment
• three-field system
• guild
• burgher
• vernacular
• Dante Alighieri
• Geoffrey Chaucer
• Thomas Aquinas
• scholastics
MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
TERMS & NAMES
HOME
MAP
Trade, Towns, and Financial Revolution
2
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Describe how medieval society changed between 1000 and 1300.
Section 2 Assessment
continued . . .
HOME
Changes in Medieval Society
Agriculture improves Population increases
Towns growTrade expands
Universities arise
MAP
Trade, Towns, and Financial Revolution
2
2. What was the effect of towns on the feudal system?THINK ABOUT
Section 2 Assessment
• where the new townsfolk came from • the saying “Town air makes you free” • the changes experienced by townspeople
ANSWERANSWER
continued . . .
HOME
Towns undermined the feudal system by offering former serfs and new town dwellers economic and social opportunities. These burghers worked together to secure their freedom from lords.
Possible Response:
MAP
Section
Trade, Towns, and Financial Revolution
2
2 Assessment
ANSWERANSWER
• Guilds set standards for quality, weights, measures, and prices for their goods, such as a loaf of bread.
• An individual had to master a craft before becoming a guild member.
Possible Responses:
HOME
End of Section 2
3. How did guilds improve the quality of goods and business practices? THINK ABOUT
• who enforced standards of quality • who could become guild members
MAP
England, united under the Normans, and France, united by the Capetian dynasty, take the first steps toward representative government. King John is forced to sign the Magna Carta, and Philip IV includes commoners in the council.
OverviewOverview AssessmentAssessment
Key Idea
England and France Develop
3HOME
As the kingdoms of England and France began to develop into nations, certain democratic traditions evolved.
Modern concepts of jury trials, common law, and legal rights developed during this period.
Overview
AssessmentAssessment
• William the Conqueror
• Henry II
• Eleanor of Aquitaine
• Magna Carta
• parliament
• Philip II
• Louis IX
England and France Develop
3
MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
TERMS & NAMES
HOME
England and France Develop
3
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Name each major step toward a democratic government and describe why it was important.
Section 3 Assessment
continued . . .
HOME
Centralized government
Policies of English and French kings applied to all
Courts
Led to a unified body of law in England and an appeals court in France
Magna Carta
Guaranteed basic rights
Parliament/Estates General
Included commoners/middle class in making laws
England and France Develop
3
Section 3 Assessment
ANSWERANSWER
William led an invasion of England in 1066 and granted fiefs to 200 Norman lords. Although Hugh Capet was a weak ruler, Capetians gradually consolidated their power.
Possible Response:
2. Contrast the way in which England and France began developing as nations. THINK ABOUT
• the character of William, duke of Normandy, versus the character of Hugh Capet
• the rise of the Normans to power in England • the rise of the Capetians to power in France
HOME
End of Section 3
Church teachings are challenged, and the papacy loses prestige. The bubonic plague kills nearly one third of Europe’s population, and the Hundred Years’ War brings an end to the Middle Ages.
OverviewOverview AssessmentAssessment
Key Idea
A Century of Turmoil
4HOME
GRAPH
During the 1300s, Europe was torn apart by religious strife, the bubonic plague, and the Hundred Years’ War.
Events of the 1300s led to a change in attitudes toward religion and the state, a change reflected in modern attitudes.
Overview
AssessmentAssessment
• Avignon
• Great Schism
• John Wycliffe
• Jan Hus
• bubonic plague
• Hundred Years’ War
• Joan of Arc
A Century of Turmoil
4
MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
TERMS & NAMES
HOME
GRAPH
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Identify the main cause and the long-term effect of the three events listed below.
A Century of Turmoil
4
continued . . .
Section 4 Assessment
HOME
GRAPH
Main Cause Long-Term Effect
Split in Church
Bubonic Plague
Hundred Years’ War
Choice of Urban VI as pope Pope’s authority undermined
Fleas carried disease Social destruction and pessimism
England’s King Edward III claims French throne
Promotes democratic institutions
Section 4 Assessment
ANSWERANSWER
2. What problems did survivors face after the bubonic plague swept through their town? THINK ABOUT
• the number of dead
A Century of Turmoil
4
• the social, political, and economic chaos
Survivors had to bury the dead, provide for other survivors, replace town leaders and skilled workers, and try to rebuild their world.
Possible Responses:
HOME
GRAPH
continued . . .
Section 4 Assessment
ANSWERANSWER
3. Do you think John Wycliffe and Jan Hus posed a real threat to the Church? Why or why not? THINK ABOUT
• the two men’s ideas
A Century of Turmoil
4
• the condition of the Church at the time
Yes. Their ideas undermined the authority of the pope and the Church.
No. Their criticism of worldly, wealthy clergy and their call for a return to the authority of the Bible reflected sound Christian beliefs.
Possible Responses:
HOME
GRAPH
End of Section 4
top related