the enterprise cloud

Mark Masterson | http://jroller.com/MasterMark

The Enterprise Cloud

Agenda

What’s an “enterprise”?

What makes an enterprise uncool is also what defines it

What’s “the Cloud”?

(The Cloud >= (The Net = all things via Internet protocols >= (The Web

= all things via HTTP)))

But the emerging consensus seems to be that “cloud” = “a unit of

elastically usable resources accessible over a computer

network”

“Cloud computing”, then, is a style of architecture that exploits such a

“cloud”

Making use of the Cloud is an architectural and engineering

challenge.

Architecture is about making design choices. Engineering is about knowing your materials.

So what are the architectural choices? What are the materials?

http://rationalsecurity.typepad.com/blog/2009/01/cloud-computing-taxonomy-ontology-please-review.html

http://cloudcomputing.sys-con.com/node/811519

http://www.collab-ogce.org/gce08/images/7/76/LamiaYouseff.pdf

SADIST-PIMP

SPI (SaaS, Paas, IaaS)

http://www.mindmeister.com/maps/show_public/15936058

But wait! Once that’s sorted, you have to consider contextual

dimensions…

http://cloudforum.googlegroups.com/web/Metaverse+Decomposition.pdf

The Radeztsky Cube

http://cloudforum.googlegroups.com/web/Metaverse+Decomposition.pdf

SPI Model

Agenda

http://twitter.com/gblnetwkr

http://twitter.com/gblnetwkrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumerization

Four sources of pressure driving change: a perfect storm

Consumerization- Massive scale services- Tech smart consumers

Collaboration- Moving from vertical

integration to horizontal, networked biz model

Computing Anywhere- Rising demand for mobility to support faster response to customers

Corporate IT challenges- OPEX, CAPEX, DC

power, space, business responsiveness

Le Cloud

Agenda

“Physical” perimeter

Physical data centre

Outside world

Secure “gateway” (DMZ, firewall, etc.)

Authentication + Authorization (Active Directory, LDAP, etc.)

Data centre cloud (VMware)

Virtual servers

Outside world

Cloud Provider (EC2)Data centre cloud (VMware)

Virtual servers

Outside world

“Virtual" perimeter

Virtual servers

Encrypted VLAN link

Virtual switch / router / messaging broker

Outside world

If your needs / budget require or can accommodate it, consider RAIC

Redundant Array of Independent Cloud providers

http://www.jroller.com/MasterMark/entry/raic_pronounce_it_rake_please

“Virtual” perimeter

Encrypted VLAN link

Cloud Provider (Flexiscale)

Virtual servers

Outside world

Physical data centre Cloud Provider (SFDC)

Cloud Provider (Mosso)

Outside world

Cloud Provider (EC2)

Outside world

Marketplace / Broker / Orchestratror

Note that this is not about, and never will be about, eliminating

the internal data centre

Cloud Provider (EC2)

Outside world

Marketplace / Broker / Orchestratror

Agenda

“Things to worry about” sub-agenda

Since we worked out, sometime in the early ‘90s, what the

architecture of a “client / server” system design looked like…

There's been a general consensus about a sort of a canonical

architecture for so-called “N-tier systems”

Presentation

Service Facáde

Application Logic

Data Persistence

What does the Cloud do to that?

In a nutshell: efficient horizontal scalability

And that means parallelism

Parallelism has significant consequences

It leads one to try to avoid stateful interactions

To prefer asynchronous communications (messages)…

One finds oneself on the front lines of the REST War ™ – the battle of

the RESTafarians vs. the established IT Universe

http://www.dehora.net/journal/2008/07/25/patterns-of-web-architecture/http://www.dehora.net/journal/2008/08/15/rest-as-an-engineering-discipline/

http://www.infoq.com/articles/webber-rest-workflow/http://roy.gbiv.com/untangled/2008/rest-apis-must-be-hypertext-driven/http://www.redmonk.com/jgovernor/2009/02/12/the-rest-of-the-cloud/

http://delicious.com/mastermark/rest/

And it forces one to think strange things about optimal patterns of

storing and accessing data

Like sharding one’s data to meet resource demands

http://highscalability.com/unorthodox-approach-database-design-coming-shard/

Questions like “is two-phase commit a feature? Or a bug?”

begin to seem important

New terms, like CAP, Paxos and BASE creep into conversations about “eventual consistency”

http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.20.1495http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxos_algorithmhttp://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=1394128

http://www.allthingsdistributed.com/2008/12/eventually_consistent.html

This was happening anyway, driven by the clash of Web architecture with the established IT universe

Cloud computing’s possibilities are accelerating the process

In particular, we will need to address decomposition of our

systems in two dimensions: app logic, and data

There is an emerging consensus about what the consequences of

all this are for app logic (and overall system design)

“The canonical cloud architecture that has evolved revolves around

dynamically scalable CPUs consuming asynchronous,

persistently queued events.”

http://highscalability.com/canonical-cloud-architecture

http://developer.amazonwebservices.com/connect/entry.jspa?externalID=1632&categoryID=102

•Use scalable ingredients•Eg. Hadoop on EC2

•Keep ingredients loosely coupled•All communication via persistent messaging

•Assume constant failure•Design things to persist state, restart from last known good, and continue their own tasks even if all around them fail•Consider things like re-tries with exponential back-off•Build IN redundancy

•Learn about things like the POSA Blackboard pattern, tuplespaces, and Map / Reduce

http://www.amazon.com/How-Write-Parallel-Programs-Course/dp/026203171X/http://www.lindaspaces.com/book/

Read this book!

The impact on data design is much harder to articulate

Essentially, we optimize for the worst case, in typical current

system designs

“What’s the most strict, stringent requirement we have to fulfill?”

OK, make the entire system meet it. Store all data in that bucket.

This is very inefficient

Moving forward, we will have to think about how to slice and dice

our data for more efficiency

What data is subject to which rules? What impact does that have on what needs to be stored where,

in what fashion?

The goal will become: store the right data, in the optimal place.

You will likely run into the following problems:

1) Static, manual processes to provision and manage VMs will probably not scale to demand.

You will find yourself wanting to archive (versioned) VMs, ensure VMs have specific attributes, and otherwise maintain governance.

But you will also need a way to maintain the “self-service” factor,

or risk torpedoing a significant part of the value proposition of the

Cloud.

Again, there are tools available and emerging that can address some of

these needs…

CohesiveFT ElsaticServer, rPath, Vmware, Enomalism, Elastra,

3Tera, many others

These tools have widely divergent solutions to these problems – choosing one involves many

tradeoffs

2) Static, manual configuration and management of your network and

security infrastructure will probably not scale with demand.

There are tools on the market, available now and emerging, to

meet this demand.

CohesiveFT VPN-Cubed, Cloudswitch, the next version of Cassatt, whatever vCloud and/or

Cisco’s “the InterCloud” turn out to be, etc.

But wait! You forgot security!

“Virtual" perimeter

Virtual servers

Encrypted VLAN link

Virtual switch / router / messaging broker

Outside world

http://www.flickr.com/photos/peterpearson/347124844/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/paszczak000/2564969200/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Gödel

http://www.flickr.com/photos/rachels_secret/220269351/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/euthman/2989437967/in/set-72057594114099781/

Get the slides:http://www.slideshare.net/mastermark/

Join the conversation:http://groups.google.com/group/cloud-computing/

http://groups.google.com/group/cloudforumhttp://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/cloudcomputing-tech/

… and please come talk to us, as well …http://twitter.com/mastermark

http://www.jroller.com/MasterMark/

Thanks!

the enterprise cloud

perimeter

data centre

cloud provider

app logic

emerging consensus

cloud

data

http

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