the crusades isn pg 76, the crusades preview preview: describe western europe during the middle...
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ISN pg 76, The CrusadesThe CrusadesPreviewPreview: Describe Western
Europe during the Middle Ages:
–Trade?
–Food?
–Leadership?
–Language?
–Religion?
Too dangerous to tradeToo dangerous to trade
Peasants & serfs farmed Peasants & serfs farmed on the manoron the manor
Weak kings & strong Weak kings & strong feudal lordsfeudal lords
Different languagesDifferent languages
Different at 1st but they became Christian
Why Fight the Crusades?Why did Christians fight the
Crusades?–The Pope wanted to unite
Roman Catholic & Eastern Orthodox Christians & regain holy lands from Muslims
–Knights wanted to gain forgiveness for sins, gain riches, & support the Church
–Merchants wanted to trade
Religious reasons for fighting
Political reasons for fighting
Economic reasons for fighting
Fighting the CrusadesBetween 50,000-60,000 knights
from all over Europe became Crusaders to defeat the Muslims:–First CrusadeFirst Crusade—was only
successful Crusade; Christians took back Jerusalem in 1099
–But after the Crusaders left, Muslims took back Jerusalem & kept it during the SecondSecond & Third CrusadesThird Crusades
FranceItaly Germany England
Scotland
Spain
Fighting the CrusadesFourth CrusadeFourth Crusade—crusaders never
even made it to Jerusalem:–Christians from Europe stopped
in the Byzantine Empire & looted & burned Constantinople
–These actions forever divided Roman Catholic & Eastern Orthodox Christianity
Effects of the CrusadesBefore the Crusades:Before the Crusades:
–Everyone lived on a manorEveryone lived on a manor–Everything that was needed Everything that was needed
was made on the manorwas made on the manor–Nothing was purchased from Nothing was purchased from
the outside except resources the outside except resources like salt & iron through like salt & iron through fairsfairs
So, now that the Crusaders have So, now that the Crusaders have seen new places, how is this seen new places, how is this going to change Europe?going to change Europe?
Effects of the CrusadesCultural DiffusionCultural Diffusion—new products
& ideas spread from the Middle East & Asia to Europe:–Luxury GoodsLuxury Goods—ivory, pearls,
silk, cotton, sugar, & spices–NavigationNavigation—shipbuilding ideas,
accurate maps, astrolabe, gunpowder & the compass
–MathMath—Arabic numbers, algebra–ScienceScience—chemistry, astronomy,
& the telescope
Effects of the CrusadesTrade increasedTrade increased:
–Europeans badly wanted these new products
–Led to a money-econommoney-economy (using metal coins) & bankingbanking (giving loans & offering credit)
–Merchants & bankers formed a new middle classmiddle class
–CitiesCities began to form, especially in Italy (Florence & Venice)
Effects of the CrusadesFeudal power changedFeudal power changed:
–Pope lost powerPope lost power—failures of the Crusades led to loss of respect
–Noble lords lost powerNoble lords lost power—some lords & knights sold pieces of their land to raise money to fight the Crusades & some serfs gained their freedom
–Kings gained powerKings gained power—raised taxes & created armies to fight
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