the census for local studies research
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The Census for Local Studies ResearchProfessor Peter Reid
With a little help from
Cecil Frances Alexander
Family history
• Address• Name• Relationship to head• Age• Occupation• Where born• Lunatic, imbecile or idiot
All things bright and beautiful, All creatures great and small
Victorian Bethnal Green
Young and Wilmott. (1957) Family and Kinship in East London
MigrationHe made their glowing colours, He made their tiny wings.
• Census data on place of birth
• Only records location on the night of the census, not the duration of residence in a particular location
• Quantitative data with little context, other sources (e.g. narrative are more useful but less suitable for generalisations)
Little IrelandBetween 1841 - 1851 the Irish population of Scotland increased by 90%.
1851
Coatbridge - 35.8% Irish
Edinburgh – 6.5% Irish
Dumfries-shire – 5.9%
Glasgow had 29% of all Irish migrants settled in Scotland
Segregation or Integration?
“the census only indicates the place of birth and the place of residence on census night.' It does not record where else a person had lived since their birth, how long they had spent at their current address, or indeed how long they stayed there before moving elsewhere”.HIGGS, E. Making senses of the census (1989)
Migration
• Charles Malcolm• Born Sweden• Naturalized British
Subject 1889• Carl Malcolm Carlstrom,
born Landkrona, 1854, son of Carl Johan Carlstrom and Benedicta Elisabeth Hasselgren
Urbanisation In 1801 there was only London had a population of more than 100,000.
A century later 33 cities had over 100,000 residents.
The hidden migration
Urbanisation
Gender
• Education– Scholar or nothing
• Occupation – Seldom fully recorded– Textile industry– Domestic service
• ‘Widow’– as an occupation
Occupations: The rich man in castle, the poor man at his gate
• 1851 census summary tables grouped occupations (related to manufacturing)
• Classification of occupations within communities enables classification of communities– economic and industrial structures– physical landscape and environment– social zones– transport infrastructure
Tillott’s Classifcation• Thirteen categories, divided into:• Primary
– agriculture and fisheries
• Secondary – mining and manufacture
• Tertiary – law, banking, education, profession – but also servants
Tillott's Consolidated Classes
Consolidated Classes Primary Groups
I Upper class Groups 5a, 7a, 10a, 10b
II Intermediate - non-agricultural Groups 7b, 10c, 13
III Intermediate - agricultural Group 1
IV Skilled workers and similar Groups 2a, 3, 4, 5b, 6, 8, 9a
V Semi-skilled workers Groups 2b, 11
VI Domestic servants, semi-skilled Group 9b
VII Labourers and unskilled workers Groups 9c, 12
Source: Dennis Mills and Kevin Schürer eds., Local Communities in the Victorian Census Enumerators' Books, Oxford: Leopard's Head Press, 1996, p. 144
Tillott's classification scheme has been widely used, and suits most
Social status: He made them, high or lowly, And ordered their estate.
• The class structure
• No women working– except servants
• Private means
Cultural homogeneity (or hegemony)
Cultural homogeneity (or hegemony)
Homogeneity of societies at all levels, particular in farming or fishing communities
The CensusHe gave us eyes to see them, And lips that we might tell
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