tavaana/new tactics webinar 3: restorative tactics (english)
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A Project of
649 Dayton Avenue St. Paul, MN 55104 USAT:+1.612.436.4800 Email: newtactics@cvt.org
Websites: http://www.cvt.org http://www.newtactics.org
Exploring RESTORATIVE Tacticsafter abuses have taken place
provided byNancy L. Pearson, M.S.W., L.I.S.W.
New Tactics in Human Rights Project ManagerThe Center for Victims of Torture
A Tavaana Webinar
Today’s Webinar Outline:Brief overview and orientation to:
o Using our on-line tools!
o Foundation for Strategic Thinking & Tactical Innovation
o Key Terms
o SIX reasons for the need for “new” tactics
Exploring RESTORATIVE Tactics
Using our technology tools
Did you attend either of the previous webinars - Prevention or Intervention tactics?
YES
NO
NO, but I did attend the New Tactics course offered by Tavaana
NO, but I did attend a different course offered by Tavaana
C
B
A
D
Foundations forStrategic Thinking and
Tactical Innovation
THREE sources of knowledge that are necessary for good
strategic and tactical thinking.
Sun Tzu (over 2,000 years ago)
Know Know
Know
From Sun Tzu—the Art of War
KnowYourself
Know YourOpponent
Know theTerrain
From Sun Tzu—the Art of War
What is STRATEGY?
The aim or purpose toward which an effort is directed.
An outline of key steps and approaches in accomplishing the goal.
A
B
Strategy requires the joining together of many decisions
Strategy defines what is important to do.
Strategy requires…
Decisions that include key steps and approaches in accomplishing the goal.
Selection of key objectives Appropriate targets Understanding of needed constituencies Resources Decisions on which tactics to use and when
Tactics
Tactics are the means through which a change is made. Tactics are the levers or mechanisms to carry out a strategy.
– A tactic is a specific action or systematic combination of actions taken to affect a given situation.
– Tactics are one of the key building blocks of strategy.
– Tactics are about “the how,” while strategies are about “the what.”
Target
The person, institution, group or segment of society where your tactical action is directed.
Hitting your “target”
Target
The person, institution, group or segment of society where your tactical action is directed.
PERSON• Policeman• Judge• Lawyer• Doctor
INSTITUTION
Target
The person, institution, group or segment of society where your tactical action is directed.
INSTITUTION• Police Academy• Ministry of Justice• Bar Association• Hospital
GROUP
PERSON• Policeman• Judge• Lawyer• Doctor
Target
The person, institution, group or segment of society where your tactical action is directed.
GROUP• Police Trainees• Judges• Lawyers Association• Medical Association
INSTITUTION• Police Academy• Ministry of Justice• Bar Association• Hospital
PERSON• Policeman• Judge• Lawyer• Doctor
Questions or
Comments
Why the need for
When your only tool is a hammer,
New Tactics in Human Rights – www.newtactics.org
every problem looks like
a nail.
New Tactics in Human Rights – www.newtactics.org
6 Reasons for
1. What we know how to do influences what we think is possible to do. Tactics help determine strategy.
2. Different tactics are effective against different targets.
3. Different tactics appeal to different constituencies.
4. Tactical flexibility is the source of surprise.
5. Tactics teach participants and observers how to engage in the world.
6. Tactics are the training systems for engaging participants and allies in the organization’s work.
Group’s capacities Tolerance for risk Analysis of the opponent Context in which the tactics will
be used
Important considerations are needed in making tactical choices:
What is your vision?
Questions or
Comments
RESTORATIVE Tactics
Primary source for today’s examples: • New Tactics in Human Rights: A Resource
for Practitioners (The workbook is available in English, Farsi, Arabic & other languages)
• Additional sources from New Tactics website: http://www.newtactics.org – use quick link “Tactics” and “Workbook”
• See also Tavaana’s website for additional Case Study Examples: http://tavaana.org/casestudies.jsp
Exploring THREE kinds of RESTORATIVE tactics:
Remembering Abuses
Strengthening Individuals and Communities
Seeking Redress
RESTORATIVE tactics:
Remembering Abuses Tactics – bring to light the nature and extent of abuses, or the identities of the perpetrators or victims.
These tactics:
Create a permanent and public record of abuse.
Provide a solid record for litigation against abusers.
Provide opportunities for “truth telling” and closure for victims and families.
Remembering Abuses TacticsCambodia: Answer for Victims’ FamiliesDocumenting records of abuse to promote healing and justice.(English page 87, Farsi, page _83_)
MAIN TARGET:
Families of victims and perpetrators
Source: Photo on the Documentation Center – Cambodia website http://www.dccam.org/#/our_mission/focus
GOAL: Provide families with information about the fate of loved ones; AND provide legal evidence against perpetrators.
MEANS: Database electronic tracing file system documenting the genocide
Remembering Abuses TacticsCambodia: Answer for Victims’ FamiliesDocumenting records of abuse to promote healing and justice.
TIMELINE: • 1975-79 Khmer Rouge regime • 1995: Began under the Yale
University Genocide Program• 1997: Became an independent NGO
Source: Photo on the Documentation Center – Cambodia website http://www.dccam.org/#/our_mission/focus
RESULTS:
• 4 databases that catalogue thousands of pages of documents, photos and interviews (with back-up outside of Cambodia)
• GPS technology used to identify 10,466 Mass graves
• 168 prisons and 77 genocide memorials in 170 districts
• Estimated 80 percent of families that come to the center leave with answers about their loved ones
• Data being used for the Tribunal process
How can you record the history of abuses in your community?
Other questions or
comments?
How might you use this history to promote healing and justice?
RESTORATIVE tactics:
Strengthening Individuals and Communities – tactics that employ mental health interventions, rehabilitation and other techniques to heal individuals and communities.
These tactics:
Address the damage of repression
Draw support from within the community
Strengthening Individuals and Communities Tactics
West Africa & Beyond: From Refugee to Mental Health ParaprofessionalBuilding local capacity for trauma-focused mental health services through an intensive training model(English page 97, Farsi, page 92 )
MAIN TARGET: Victims of torture and war trauma
GOAL: To create a cadre of qualified mental health paraprofessionals to serve their community
MEANS: An intensive hands-on training model combining Western psychotherapy with local understanding of trauma & recovery. Tactical Notebook available: http://www.newtactics.org/sites/newtactics.org/files/Barry-Pearson_Rebuilding_update2007.pdf
Source: Center for Victims of Torture, 5 minute video story available at: http://www.vimeo.com/27598037
West Africa & Beyond: From Refugee to Mental Health Paraprofessional
TIMELINE: • 1999 CVT begins training paraprofessionals
in refugee camps in Guinea (Refugees
from Sierra Leone & Liberia)
• 2003 & 2004: PSA begin work in their
own repatriated communities
• 2005: Program begins in DRC
• 2009: Program begins in Jordan
• 2010: Program begins in Dadaab refugee camp in Kenya
RESULTS: • 2006 Independent torture treatment program in Sierra Leone
• 2008 Independent torture treatment program in Liberia
• 2011 Over 400 psychosocial counselors trained by CVT
• 2011 Over 20,000 people who have received rehabilitation services
Source: Center for Victims of Torture, 5 minute video story available at: http://www.vimeo.com/27598037
Strengthening Individuals and Communities Tactics
Strengthening Individuals and Communities Tactics
Other tactic examples: • Telling Stories On-line
(English page 100, Farsi, page 96)
iEarn in Sierra Leone - Created a venue on the internet for child soldiers to share stories and develop new skills.
• Fighting Sexual Exploitation in Cambodia: Somaly Mam http://www.tavaana.org/casestudies.jsp?lang=en
Created a safe haven for women to escape situations of abuse, gain support, rehabilitation, opportunities for training, and alternative livelihoods.
Source: http://www.iearnsierraleone.org/pages/projects/rehabilitate.html#childsoldiers
Would the development of a cadre of professionals or paraprofessionals (legal, medical, mental health) play a powerful role in your work?
How might you develop this capacity?
Other questions or comments?
How can you enable people to tell their own stories?
RESTORATIVE tactics:
Seeking Redress – tactics that seek justice through litigation, sanctions, reparations or other means.
These tactics address forms of justice after human rights abuses have occurred:
Punishment of the perpetrator
Compensation for victims
Address impunity
Seeking Redress TacticsChile / Spain / UK:
A First in International Justice:Applying international law to dictators traveling outside their home countries
(English page 105, Farsi, page 101)
MAIN TARGET:
Dictator Augusto Pinochet
GOAL: To demonstrate that a head of state has no immunity from prosecution on charges of torture
MEANS: Litigation – using the principle of universal jurisdiction and national courts can be used to force states to fulfill their obligations under international law.
Source: Center for Justice and Accountability (CJA), Chilean dictator – Pinochet arrested and sparked the founding of CJA in 1998. http://cja.org/section.php?id=88
Chile / Spain / UK: A First in International Justice
TIMELINE: • 1973 to 1990 - Pinochet is head of the military
dictatorship in Chile • Mid-70s to 1990 - activists document violations
committed• 1988 - Chile signs UN Convention Against Torture• 1998 - 10 October, Indicted for human rights violations by
Spanish magistrate • 1998 - 16 October, arrested in London• 1999 - March, House of Lords decreed there was no immunity for torture• 2000 – March, released by the British government without conviction on the
grounds of ill-health• 2000 - 2006 Pinochet charged and held under house arrest in Chile until his death
RESULTS: • Set a number of critical precedents:
– No immunity for heads of state in cases of torture, genocide and other crimes against humanity
– Universal Jurisdiction – laid the foundation for the International Criminal Court– Sparked the creation of organizations like the Center for Justice and
Accountability that use national and international laws to bring perpetrators to justice– Created conditions for limited travel and movement for perpetrators
Seeking Redress Tactics
Source: Center for Justice and Accountability (CJA), Chilean dictator – Pinochet arrested and sparked the founding of CJA in 1998. http://cja.org/section.php?id=88
What is your vision?
1973 – 1990 Activists documenting violations
1988 – Chile signs UN Convention Against Torture
1998 – Pinochet indicted for human rights violations by Spanish magistrate
1998 – Pinochet arrested in London while traveling
1999 – UK House of Lords decreed there was no immunity for torture
2000 – Pinochet returns home to charges and house arrest until his death
How might these ideas be adapted to address issues in your country or community?
Other questions or comments?
The Center for Victims of Torture – New Tactics in Human Rights Project649 Dayton Avenue St. Paul, MN 55104 USAT:+1.612.436.4800 Email: newtactics@cvt.org
Websites: http://www.cvt.org http://www.newtactics.org
Attribution List “The Center for Victims of Torture - New Tactics in Human Rights Project” as the source for any information used in this document as well as any original attribution provided in this document.
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Upcoming Webinar Date:
Wednesday, 14 September – Promotion Tactics (Building Human Rights Cultures and Institutions)
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