talmud 101 class 2 - homesteadtlmyeshiva.homestead.com/talmud_101_b_1_.pdf · in the brit hadasha....

3 3 3 3

PENING

low the Shofar

4 4 4 4

PENING

Why do we blow the Shofar?

Exodus 19:16

“On the morning of the third day there was thunder and lightning, with a thick cloud over the mountain, and there was the sounding of a very loud SHOFAR blast. Everyone in the camp trembled.”

Because this is the way G-D begins sacred assemblies

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HEMA ISRAEL Hear oh Israel

Shema Israel Adoni Elohaynu

(Hear oh Israel the L-RD our G-D)

Adoni Echad

(The L-RD is one)

6 6 6 6 6

hy do we recite/sing the SHEMA?

Because Messiah said it was the greatest Commandment

Mark 12:28-29

28 And one of the scribes came, and having heard them reasoning together, and perceiving that He had answered them well, asked Him, “Which is the

greatest commandment of all?”

29 And Jesus answered him, “The first of all the commandments is, Hear, O Israel; The Lord

our God is one Lord:”

e-nay Ma Tov

Behold how good - Psalm 133:1 Am

He-Nay Maw tove Behold how good

Oo-maw nye—eem And how pleasant it is

Shevet aw-heem For brothers to dwell

Gum Yaw Hawd In unity

men CL 3 A

A-men ….A-men….A-men, A-men, A-men

Baw-rouk Ha-Shem, Baw-rouk Ha-Shem,

Blessed be the Name, blessed be the Name

Baw-rouk Ha-Shem Me-she-ach

Blessed be the Name of Messiah

-Seh Shalom CL3 Play Em

O-seh Shalom Beem rue-mawv Am D7 G Em

Who yah-seh Shalom aw-lay-nu Am D7 G

V'al kol Yees-raw-ale Em Am Em Bf7 Em

B'-eem rue Eem rue Ah- main --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Em Am D7 G

Ya-a-seh sha-lom Ya-a-seh sha-lom G Bf7 Em

Shalom aw-lay-new V’al kol Yees-raw-ale Sing twice 2X

mazing Grace

CL 2 A

Has-doe Nah-tawn Ad Pa-had Lee-bee

V’-has-doe Eht Faw-day Heh-eh-veer

Mel-lech Hay V’kye-yahm

Ah-dohn Oh-lahm

V’-has-doe Eht Dar-kee Yah-eer

Toe-dah L’Ale

ring our gifts to the altar

We Bring Our Sacrifice With Praise

Unto the House of the LORD (2 X)

And we offer unto Him

Our sacrifices with thanksgiving

And we offer unto Him

Our sacrifices with joy

• What is the Talmud? • The Talmud is a collection

of ancient Jewish writings some of which pre-date Yeshua.

• It’s made up of two major components, the Mishna and the Gamara.

• The Mishna can be the whole section that goes by that name or just one ruling.

• The Mishna is called the Oral “Law” but it was not designed to be law and never intended to be binding or dogmatic

• The Orthodox Jews today believe it is Law and that is holds the same authority as the Torah.

• It was called the “Oral” Law because it was passed down from generation to generation orally.

• Yeshua called the Mishna “The traditions of the Elders”.

• These traditions are “fences” around the Torah.

• These “Fences” are expositions which were meant to give more detail in how to fulfill the Commandments.

• We have to remember that Yeshua Himself said “Do as the Pharisees say”

• David Bivin echoes this when he says of the Mishna,

• “Yeshua apparently attached great importance to the Mishna and it seems he considered it to be authoritative.”

• The Mishna is different today then it was 2,000 years ago but there are ways to find the older texts.

• This is a page of the Talmud

• The Gamara is a commentary on the Mishna

• It dates long after Yeshua' s time.

• From the Gamara we learn about the Jewish community through the centuries and at times excellent exegesis (interpretation) of Scripture

• the Talmud contains many of the teachings and discussions that were prevalent at the time of Yeshua.

• We find debates between Hillel and Shammai with which Yeshua commented on in the Brit Hadasha.

• Yeshua even quotes from the Rabbis of the Mishna including Rabbi Hillel who He had a lot on common with

• If we remain ignorant of the Talmud, we remain ignorant of many of the references and concepts mentioned in the New Testament.

• We learn more about the Temple, the Nazerite vow and many other pertinent subjects that are not covered in Scripture.

• The Talmud is not without it’s faults. There are inaccurate “facts” and even moral problems within this collection of writings.

• That being said we will not throw out the baby with the bathwater as Christians have for centuries past.

his Class

• Next in our introduction to the Talmud: in this class we’re going to look at a few things like:

• Who are some of these Rabbis in the Talmud?

• What does the word “Talmud” mean

• What are the two Talmud's?

• Who collected the various writings?

his Class

• A Mishnaic example of a “fence” as well as both an Old Testament example AND a New Testament example of a “fence”

eet he abbis! Hillel

• We learned a little about Rabbi Hillel (60 BC-10 AD) in our last class but let’s take a deeper look at who he was.

• Rabbi Hillel founded the “House of Hillel School for the Tannaim” It was a Rabbinical Academy.

• The Tannaim are the 1rst to 2nd century Rabbis of the Mishna (like Gamaliel, Akiva, Eliezer, Shammai and others).

Destruction of the Temple

• Now we have to be careful about what we read concerning Rabbi Hillel, there’s a lot of legend out there. But what we’ll cover tonight about him has been verified

Phoenix

• He came to Jerusalem from Babylonia when he was about 40 years old. This was just before Herod the Great took the throne.

Herod the Great

• He attended a Yeshiva (academy) there and paid for it while working as a laborer.

• The Rabbis of the Talmud abhorred idleness

• The great Rabbis even after they attained notoriety still worked at their professions.

• Rabbi Hillel was a woodchopper right up until he became the head of the Sanhedrin.

• Rabbi Joshua was a smith

• Rabbi Yochanan was a shoemaker

• Rabbi Yosi was a tanner (married?)

• Rabbi Huna was a water drawer

• Rabbi Karna was a wine smeller (he determined which wine could be stored and which had to be sold immediately

• We also know that Rabbi Shaul (Paul) was a tent maker. This wasn’t unusual.

• Hillel leaned much more heavily on Scriptural text then he did on the Traditions of the Elders as did Yeshua.

• He was known as a man of noble character and disposition and spoke often of the worthwhileness of existence and love. (Shammai was more pessimistic)

• Hillel was also more welcoming to proselytes.

• He believed they didn’t even need to be circumcised before conversion.

• His argument was that women only needed to be baptized in order to convert, so the same should be required of men.

• After conversion yes he believed the men needed to be circumcised.

Mikvah (Baptismal) at Qumran

• Hillel was the grandfather of Rabbi Gamaliel, Paul’s Rabbi.

• Let’s talk now about Rabbi Gamaliel (G-d’s reward in Hebrew)

• Paul was very proud of the fact that he studied under Rabbi Gamaliel.

• He says in Acts 22:3

Painting of Paul by Rembrandt

eet he abbis! Gamaliel

• Acts 22:3

• Then Paul said: `I, indeed, am a man, a Jew,

having been born in Tarsus of Cilicia, and

brought up in this city at the feet of

Gamaliel, having been taught according to

the exactitude of the law of the fathers,

being zealous of God, as all ye are to-day.

• Young's Literal Translation

• He also saved the lives of Peter and some of the other apostles

- “Thanks Gamaliel!”

Acts 5

• 29Peter and the other apostles replied: "We must obey God rather than men! 30The God of our fathers raised Jesus from the dead—whom you had killed by hanging him on a tree. 31God exalted him to his own right hand as Prince and Savior that he might give repentance and forgiveness of sins to Israel. 32We are witnesses of these things, and so is the Holy Spirit, whom God has given to those who obey him." 33When they heard this, they were furious and wanted to put them to death. 34But a Pharisee named Gamaliel, a teacher of the law, who was honored by all the people, stood up in the Sanhedrin and ordered that the men be put outside for a little while. 35Then he addressed them: "Men of Israel, consider carefully what you intend to do to these men. 36Some time ago Theudas appeared, claiming to be somebody, and about four hundred men rallied to him. He was killed, all his followers were dispersed, and it all came to nothing. 37After him, Judas the Galilean appeared in the days of the census and led a band of people in revolt. He too was killed, and all his followers were scattered. 38Therefore, in the present case I advise you: Leave these men alone! Let them go! For if their purpose or activity is of human origin, it will fail. 39But if it is from God, you will not be able to stop these men; you will only find yourselves fighting against God."

• Gamaliel is also called “Gamaliel the Elder” to differentiate him from his grandson, “Gamaliel the Younger”

• So as we see he is respected by the people and there’s good argument that he was the leader of the Sanhedrin at that time

• Rabbi Eliezer

• One of the most famous Rabbis in Judaism.

• I believe he was Born Again

• In fact he was arrested, brought before the courts and accused of being a “Christian”.

• He denied it and said he was a Jew but he was then ostracized till the day he died.

eet he abbis! Eliezer

• On his deathbed with his last breath he said:

“I have always been true”.

• He also echoed some of

Yeshua’s teachings. For example:

He wrote: The one who has bread in his basket today and says, ‘What will I eat tomorrow?’ behold, that one is of little faith.”

Compare that too…

• Mathew 6:25

25"Therefore I tell you, do not worry about your life, what you will eat or drink; or about your body, what you will wear. Is not life more important than food, and the body more important than clothes?26Look at the birds of the air; they do not sow or reap or store away in barns, and yet your heavenly Father feeds them. Are you not much more valuable than they? NIV Bible

• Rabbi Eliezer was married to the sister of Gamaliel the Younger the grandson of Paul’s Rabbi Gamaliel.

• R. Eliezer was a student of R. Johanan ben Zakkai the famous Rabbi who studied under Hillel. Although Eliezer was of the educational line of Hillel he had more in common with the teachings of Shammai. His expositions are more biblically based then with the Oral Traditions of Men

• He wrote some very interesting sayings….

• “Repent one day before you die”

• When his disciples asked him how they could know where they were going to die, he said, “You can’t”.

• He was also known for having a great memory. It was said of him that he was "a cemented cistern that loses not a drop“.

• Talmud (Tal-mood) can mean 2 different things in English.

• It can mean “study”

• It can mean “learn”

• The root word is "lomed".

• We say in Hebrew “Any lomed evreet be ulpon”

• “I study Hebrew in Hebrew School”

• “Talmudic” means something from the Talmud

• A “Talmudist” is someone who is an expert in Talmud

wo almuds

• First we have to know that there are two Talmuds. The Babylonian Talmud and the Jerusalem Talmud

• One was compiled in Babylonia and the other in Israel

• Probably Caesarea. They called it the Jerusalem Talmud because the name of Jerusalem had been changed to Aelia Capitolina

• (Hadrian's family name and Jupiter Capitoline)

• The Babylonian Talmud was compiled about 200 AD

• The Jerusalem Talmud was complied around 350 AD Babylonia

wo almuds

• Although the Jerusalem Talmud was put together much later, some of the rulings that were collected are older then those collected in the Babylonian Talmud.

wo almuds

• The reason the writings are older is because the academies from which the Jerusalem Talmud were compiled were older then the academies in Babylonia.

wo almuds

• The main academies in Israel were in Tiberius, Sepphoris and Caesarea

First Century Israel showing Tiberius, Sepphoris and Caesarea with scale.

wo almuds

• We’ll be primarily using the Babylonian Talmud (Soncino translation).

• The Babylonian Talmud is more complete and has a larger breadth of analysis but we will be referencing the Jerusalem Talmud as well as it contains information concerning the Temple that is not in the Babylonian Talmud.

wo almuds

• we will also take a look at how the two differ from each other on some crucial theological points.

wo almuds

ompilation

• So as we’ve already mentioned the Talmud is a collection of various texts.

• The person who compiled the texts of the Mishna was a man named Judah HaNasi.

• He is also known as Judah the Prince

Tomb of Judah HaNasi

• When collecting various opposite opinions (arguments in a good sense) Judah would give different views and would also give the names of the opposing rabbis. Which is very helpful.

ompilation

• He didn’t add every single argument because it was too much

• But even those arguments were collected later and used in parts of the Gamara.

ompilation

• However, those are much more difficult to decipher as to when they were written but still often helpful.

• As you know when both of those were combined it made up the Talmud.

ompilation

ences Mishnaic example

• An example we can use of a fence in Talmud can be the first Mishna in the Talmud.

• The discussion opens with when one should say the Shema in the evening.

• Rabbi Gamaliel says you have till dawn of the next day. Rabbi Eliezer says, only till midnight. The Sages were then called in and they said, “Yes until midnight” and such was the ruling.

• However the sages say that Gamaliel is correct. Well how could that be?

• They say he’s correct but it’s better to rule that it is to be said by midnight in order to keep the people from transgression.

• So the fact of the matter is that it can be said clear till dawn of the next day but the sages put up a fence and said, just till midnight so no one pushes the envelope too far and goes past dawn of the next day.

• Rulings could even be overturned.

• Christian theologians are always talking about how the Pharisees were opposed to Jesus because He’d do things that weren’t in their law.

• But this is not a valid reason to think that they didn’t view Him as one of their own.

• Rulings had been over turned by some very famous Rabbis

• We know this because even Judah HaNasi overturned a ruling that his own father and grandfather had established.

• When he overturned it, many Pharisees including his own family expressed their displeasure in it, but it was still overturned and he was still considered to be a great Rabbi and Pharisee!

ences Old Testament

• So now we’ve seen an example of a fence in the Mishna.

• Let’s look at one in the Old Testament

• At the time of Samson there were “fences”.

ences Old Testament

• How do we know that.

• Let’s look Judges 14:5-6

• Vs.5 So Samson went down to Timnah with his father and mother, and came to the vineyards of Timnah.

ences Old Testament

• Now to his surprise, a young lion came roaring against him. Vs.6 And the Spirit of the LORD came mightily upon him, and he tore the lion apart as one would have torn apart a young goat,

ences Old Testament

• though he had nothing in his hand. But he did not tell his father or his mother what he had done.

• Does something seem odd here?

ences Old Testament

• It says that Samson and his parents were walking then Samson killed a lion but did not tell his parents about it.

• How could his parents not have seen it if they were walking together.

• We see that there was a vineyard

• So what happened was Samson's parents walked through the vineyard but Samson walked around it

ences Old Testament

• There is no prohibition that says a Nazerite can’t walk through a vineyard. He cant eat grapes or eat or drink anything from grapes.

• So obviously someone had put in place a fence that said, to keep the Nazerite from transgression, you can not even walk through a vineyard.

ences New Testament

• Yeshua Himself put up a fence. For example:

• We know that we’re not supposed to do evil. But Yeshua went a step further and said avoid the “appearance” of Evil.

ences New Testament

• Nowhere in the Old Testament Scriptures did it lay down a Law that said we had to do this

• This was a new fence… and Rabbis could and did do that.

ences New Testament

• There were some fences that Yeshua didn’t agree with and He talked about them. Like in Mark 7:11-12

Not a good fence

ences New Testament

• And he said unto them, “Full well do you reject the commandment of God, in order to keep your tradition. For Moses said, ‘Honor your father and your mother; and, He that speaks evil of father or mother, let him die the death’: but you say, ‘If a man shall say to his father or his mother, That wherewith you might have been profited by me is Corban,’ that is to say, Given to God; you no longer allow him to do anything for his father or his mother.

ences New Testament

• He was pointing out that a fence could go too far to where it actually doesn’t guard the Torah but rather circumvents it and hurts those it was meant to help.

ences New Testament

• But many Christian theologians like to point out the verse in Mark 7:13 which says. “Making the word of God of none effect through your tradition, which ye have delivered: and many such like things do ye.

“MANY”

ences New Testament

• The word “many” here in Greek is “polus” which can and also should’ve been translated as “more”. Yeshua wasn’t saying “many” of the traditions are wrong, He was saying this one is wrong and there are others.

πολς

his Class

• Who are some of these Rabbis in the Talmud? • What does the word “Talmud” mean • What are the two Talmud's? • Who collected the various writings? • A Mishnaic example of a “fence” as well as

both an Old Testament example AND a New Testament example of a “fence”

riestly lessing

talmud 101 class 2 - homesteadtlmyeshiva.homestead.com/talmud_101_b_1_.pdf · in the brit hadasha....

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