system parameters and performance cdma-2000, w-cdma (umts), gsm 900, wlan 802.11a, wlan 802.11b,...

System parameters and performance

CDMA-2000, W-CDMA (UMTS), GSM 900, WLAN 802.11a, WLAN

802.11b, Bluetooth.

By Øystein Taskjelle

Bluetooth

• Based on IEEE 802.15 WPAN

• Short range communication between devices.• Typically implemented in cellphones, laptops and data equiptment like threadless mouse &

keyboard.

• Operates in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz ISM band.• ISM: Industrial, Scientific, Medical.

• Uses two modulation modes.• Base Rate

– Mandatory

– Uses shaped binary FM modulation to minimize transceiver comeplexity.

• Enhanced Data Rate

– Optional– Uses phase shift keying, PSK (pi/4-DPSK and 8DPSK).

References: [1][2]

Bluetooth

•  The gross data air rate iso Base rate: 1 Mbpso EDR pi/4-DPSK: 2 Mbpso EDR 8DPSK: 3 Mbps

• TDD

• Power classes

References: [1][2]

Class Max range [m] Max output power [dBm]3 1 02 10 41 100 20

Bluetooth power classes

Bluetooth frequency band

• Specifics for frequency band:o Spectrum: 2400 - 2483.5 MHzo Lower guard band: 2 MHzo Upper guard band: 3.5 MHzo Channel spacing: 1 MHzo Number of channels: 79, numbered with 0-78

References: [1][2]

Bluetooth

The receiver sensitivity shall be below or equal to –70 dBm with any Bluetooth transmitter.– The actual sensitivity level is defined as the input level for which a raw bit error rate (BER) of 0.1% is met.

References: [1][2]

Shannoncapacity formulaC=B∗log21SNR

SNR=2CB

−1

Power class 1Max ouput power=20 dBmB=1000000 HzC=3000000 bps

SNR=231−1=7

SNRdb=10∗log107=8.45dB

Sensitivity

IEEE 802.11b-1999

• Used as a wireless alternative to wired LAN• Range outdoor up to 106 meters• Frequency: 2400-2483.5 MHz (ISM).• Channels: 13 in Europe (1-13). 5 MHz spacing, start at 2412, end at 2472.• Channel bandwidth: 22 MHz.• Channel 1, 6 and 11 does not interfer with each other.  • Data rate: from 1 – 11 Mbps

References: [3][17]

IEEE 802.11b-1999

References: [3][4][17]

Shannoncapacity formulaB=22000 000 HzC=11 000 000 bps

SNR=22211

−1=0.41

SNRdb=10∗log100.41=−3.83dB

• Used as a wireless alternative to wired LAN• Range outdoor up to 106 meters• Frequency: 2400-2483.5 MHz (ISM).• Channels: 13 in Europe (1-13). 5 MHz spacing, start at 2412, end at 2472.• Channel bandwidth: 22 MHz.• Channel 1, 6 and 11 does not interfer with each other.  • Data rate: from 1 – 11 Mbps

IEEE 802.11b-1999

The standardSensitivity Input level of –76 dBm measured at the antenna connector.

– The frame error ratio (FER) shall be less than 0.08 at a PSDU length of 1024 octets.

Output power18.4.7.1 Transmit power levelsMaximum output power:100mW  = 20dBm (EIRP)

Example 3Com® Wireless 11a/b/g PCI Adapter,

– product #: 3CRDAG675B.

 Sensitivity 802.11b:

• 11 Mbps: -86 dBm• 5.5 Mbps: -88 dBm• 2 Mbps: -91 dBm• 1 Mbps: -93 dBm 

 Output power802.11b/11g: 17 dBm

References: [3][4][5]

IEEE 802.11a-1999

Band (Ghz)

200 mW / 23 dBm

36 518040 5200

44 522048 5240

200 mW / 23 dBm

52 526056 5280

60 530064 5320

1000 mW / 30 dBm

98 5490

102 5510106 5530

110 5550114 5570

118 5590122 5610

126 5630130 5650

134 5670138 5690

142 5710

4000 mW / 36 dBm149 5745

153 5765

5815-5850 - -

Maximum output power (Norway)

Operating channel numbers

Channel center frequencies

(Mhz)

5150-5250(30 Mhz guard – lower)

Only lower guard band as stated in IEEE Std 802.11a-1999(R2003).

5250-5350(30 Mhz guard – upper)

Only upper guard band as stated in IEEE Std 802.11a-1999(R2003).

5470-5725(20 Mhz

guard - lower and upper)

Not mentioned in IEEE Std 802.11a-1999(R2003), but NPT allows this

band as WLAN 5 Ghz.

5725-5795(20 Mhz

guard - lower and upper)

Only two channels due to lower and upper guard band as stated in IEEE Std

802.11a-1999(R2003).

No bandwidth left for channels due to guard bands?

Channel bandwidth: 16.6 MHz

References: [4][6]

IEEE 802.11a-1999

48 subcarriers * 6 bits = 288

3/4 * 288 bits per symbol = 216 data bits per symbol

References: [6]

IEEE 802.11a-1999

Sensitivity

6 -82 -87

9 -81 -86

12 -79 -85

18 -77 -83

24 -74 -79

36 -70 -76

48 -66 -71

54 -65 -70

Data rate (Mbps)

Minimum sensitivity from

standards (dBm)

Sensitivity example from 3COM Wireless PCI Adapter (dBm)

References: [5][6]

IEEE 802.11a-1999

References: [6]

Shannoncapacity formulaB=16 600 000 HzC=54 000 000 bps

SNR=2540160

−1=8.53

SNRdb=10∗log108.53=9.31dB

IEEE 802.11a-1999Why use 11a over 11b/g?

Interference– 11b/g uses 2.4 GHz

– alot of 2.4 GHz devices sold commercial

– a heavily used bandwidth

– 11b/g has only three non-interfering channels

– 11a advantage: uses 5 GHz that is not interfering with 2.4 GHz

– 11a has alot of non-interfering channels

Throughput

– 11b – only 11 Mbps totalt throughput with highest modulation

11a is more secure due to weaker penetration capabilities of the 5 GHz vs 2.4 GHz

Why should you not use 11a?

Costs– Lower range due to frequency

– More expensive devices

– Less devices

– Expensive deployment

GSM900

GSM900 is a cellular network in the 900 MHz band.

The following frequencies were originally assigned for GSM900:• 890 – 915 MHz for uplink (mobile transmitting,

base station receiving)• 935 – 960 MHz for downlink (base station transmitting,

mobile station receiving)

Further on the specifications are:• The duplex separation is 45 MHz• Carrier spacing is 200 KHz• 124 carriers in the available bandwidth

The channel width highest frequency is used as upper band guard.

References: [11][12][13][18]

GSM900

References: [12]

Shannoncapacity formulaB=200 000 HzC=270833 bps

SNR=2540160

−1=1.5565

SNRdb=10∗log101.5565 =1.92 dB

GSM900

References: [12][18]

Mobile station Base station

Powerclass

GMSK Modulation Normal BTS1 - 1 320 - (< 640) W2 8W/39dBm 2 160 - (< 320) W3 5W/37 dBm 3 80 - (<160) W4 2W/33dBm 4 40 - (<80) W5 0.8W/29dBm 5 20 - (<40) W

8-PSK modulation 6 10 - (<20) WE1 33dBm 7 5 - (<10) WE2 27dBm 8 2.5 - (<5) WE3 23dBm Micro

M1 (> 19) – 24 dBmM2 (> 14) – 19 dBmM3 (> 9) – 14 dBm

PicoP1 (>13) – 20 dBm

Max ouput power

TRX power class

Max output power

Output power Sensitivity

BTS

Normal -104 dBm

Micro M1 -97 dBm

Micro M2 -92 dBm

Micro M3 -87 dBm

Pico P1 -88 dBm

Handset (mobile station)Sensitivity -102 dBm

CDMA-2000 Revision B

CDMA-2000 is used as wireless broadband.– Norway, Ice.net uses 450 MHz-band with CDMA-2000 technology.

– One can use USB-dongles or APs to connect to the network.

Frequencies– CDMA-2000 Rev B supports a varity of frequency bands.

– 18 different bands with numbering from 0 to 17.

My presentation– Ice.net's network in Norway.

– Band Class 5 - 450 Mhz

Ice.net uses Revision A at present time, the implementation of Rev B has started and is supposed to be in use by 2009 (www.ice.net - Fakta om Ice.net.pdf).

References: [7][8][9][10][11]

CDMA-2000 Revision B

Ice.net frequencies

• 452.5-457.5 MHz• 462.5-467.5 MHz

 This matches the subclass 0, Block designator A.

References: [7]

CDMA-2000 Revision B

Ice.net frequencies

• 452.5-457.5 MHz• 462.5-467.5 MHz

 This matches the subclass 0, Block designator A. Can either user• spreading rate 1, channel

bandwidth of 1.23 MHz.• spreading rate 3, channel

bandwidth of 3.69 MHz.

References: [7][10]

CDMA-2000 Revision B

Ice.net frequencies

• 452.5-457.5 MHz• 462.5-467.5 MHz

 This matches the subclass 0, Block designator A. Can either user• spreading rate 1, channel

bandwidth of 1.23 MHz.• spreading rate 3, channel

bandwidth of 3.69 MHz.

Table 2.1.6-5 show  the preferred channel numbers to use.

Handset: f = 0.025 (N – 1) + 450Base station: f = 0.025 (N – 1) + 460Where N = channel number

References: [7][10]

CDMA-2000 Revision B

References: [7][10]

Maximum througput stated by Ice.net

Downlink has a maximum throughput of 14.7 MbpsUplink has a maximum throughput of 5.4 Mbps

WCDMA

WCDMA, Wideband Code Divison Multiplex Access- also known as UMTS.- wireless third generation cellular network.- one can use cellphones with integrated WCDMA or USB-dongles to connect to the networks.

Basestations uses the same frequencies and sends at the same time. CDMA differs the connections with induvidual codes. Due too the frequency sharing one can expect high noise ratio.

WCDMA

Channel bandwidth

• 5 Mhz

Channel spacing

• 200 KHz

Power control

• TDD max: 125 mW

• FDD max: 250 mW

Sensitivity

• Handset: -117 dBm

Frequencies for UMTS in Norway regulated by NPT Authority.

References: [11][13][14][15]]

FDD Uplink

FDD Downlink

TDD

WCDMA

Maximum througput for WCDMA is 128 kbps uplink and 384 kbps downlink.

References: [16]

Shannoncapacity formulaB=5 000 000 HzC=384 000 bps

SNR=23845000

−1=0.05

SNRdb=10∗log100.05 =−12.62 dB

Comparison tableBluetooth WLAN 802.11a GSM 900 CDMA 2000 W-CDMA (UMTS)

Uplink 890-915 MHz 452.5-457.5 Mhz

Downlink 935-960 MHz 462.5-467.5 MHz

Channel bandwidth 1MHz 22 MHz 16.6 MHz 200 KHz 1.23 MHz 5 MHz

79 13 124

Datarate 1-3 Mbps 1-11 Mbps 6-54 Mbps

Transmit power handset 20 dBm

Shannon SNRdb 8.45 dB -3.83 dB 9.31 dB 1.92 dB -12.62 dB

Range

Sensitivity handset -70 dBm -76 dBm -102 dBm -117 dBm

WLAN 802.11b

Operating frequency

2400-2483.5 Mhz

2400-2483.5 Mhz

5150-5350, 5470-5795,

5815-5850 MHz

Netcom: 1920.3 – 1935.5 MHz

Netcom: 2110.3 – 2125.3 MHz

Number of channels /carriers

10~22 (depending on which country)

270833 bps per carrier

DL: 14.7 Mbps, UL: 5.4 Mbps

DL: 384 kbps, UL: 128 kbps

0, 4 or 20 dBm

23-36 dBm depending on frequency (in

Norway)

MS: 23-39 dBm depending on

powerclass and modulation

TDD: 125 mW, FDD: 250 mW

1-100 meters

< 106 meters outdoor

-82 to -65 dBm depending on

rate

References[1] [1]

[2] [2]

[3] [3]

[4] [4]

[5] [5]

[6] [6]

[7] [7]

[8] [8]

[9] [9]

[10] [10]

[11] [11]

[12] [12]

[13] [13]

[14] [14]

[15] [15]

[16] [16]

[17] [17]

[18] [18]

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Bluetooth SIGBasicsLast visited October 6th 2008

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Norwegian Post and Telecommunication Authority (NPT)Informasjon om regelverk for trådløse nettverk (WLAN)May 21th 2007

3COM3Com® Wireless 11a/b/g PCI Adapter Product #3CRDAG675B Product DetailsLast visited October 6th 2008

IEEEIEEE Std 802.11a-19999(R2003)July 12th 2003

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3GPP2C.S0011-B Recommended Minimum Performance Standards for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Mobile StationsDecember 13th 2002

Ice.netOm Ice.net mobilt bredbåndJune 2008

Norwegian Post and Telecommunication Authority (NPT)Tildelte spektrumtillatelserAugust 20th 2008

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Norwegian Post and Telecommunication Authority (NPT)Mobiltelefon og helseApril 1st 2003

3GPP and ETSI3GPP TS 25.101 version 3.19.0 Release 1999 / ETSI TS 125 101 V3.19.0 (2006-12)December 2006

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