step up to: discovering psychology by john j. schulte, psy.d

Step Up To: Discovering Psychology

by John J. Schulte, Psy.D.From: Hockenbury &

HockenburyDiscovering Psychology 4e

Worth Publishers (2007)

Chapter 13: Psychological Disorders

What’s abnormal?

Me, Nervous?

Moody Blues

You’ve got Personality

Did you hear it, too?

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500

What’s abnormal?

100

200

300

400

500

Me, Nervous?

100

200

300

400

500

Moody Blues

100

200

300

400

500

You’ve got Personality

100

200

300

400

500

Did you hear it, too?

1. In order for behavior to be considered a psychological disorder, it must either:• A) be out of the ordinary or dangerous.• B) make others uncomfortable or put

them at risk.• C) put them at risk to harm

themselves or to harm others.• D) cause distress or impair

functioning.

2. The book that officially classifies all the different psychological disorders is the:

• A) APA-Dx.• B) DSM-IV-TR.• C) ICD-10.• D) NCS.

3. According to an NCS study, the lifetime prevalence of psychological disorders is about:• A) 30%.• B) 20%.• C) 40%.• D) 50%.

4. The NCS found that women had a higher prevalence of ___ disorders and men had a higher prevalence of ___ disorders.

• A) anxiety; substance abuse• B) anxiety; depression• C) depression; anxiety• D) substance abuse; antisocial

personality

5. Which of these is an important qualification for a psychological disorder?

• A) There must be suffering.• B) It depends on the prevailing

culture.• C) There must be suffering and it

must impair the ability to function.• D) It must be rare.

6. Normal anxiety is different from pathological anxiety in that for it to be a disorder:• A) it must be irrational.• B) it is uncontrollable.• C) it is disruptive.• D) all of the above must be true.

7. Generalized anxiety disorder is sometimes referred to as: • A) acute stress disorder.• B) chronic stress disorder.• C) free-floating anxiety.• D) nonspecific target anxiety.

8. According to the cognitive-behavioral theory of panic disorder, people with panic disorder:• A) always experience anxiety when they

face the same situation.• B) misinterpret the physical signs of

arousal.• C) have flashbacks to an earlier

stressful event.• D) have regularly predicted panic

attacks.

9. Agoraphobia is: • A) fear of the marketplace.• B) fear of experiencing a panic

attack.• C) fear of spiders.• D) fear of heights.

10. John mentally counts whenever he is out in public. This is an example of:• A) a specific phobia.• B) a panic attack.• C) an obsession.• D) a compulsion.

11. Which of the following would not be an example of Major Depression?• A) Bob, who does not make eye contact

and feels hopeless• B) Jamie, who is preoccupied with death• C) Steve, who can’t sleep because his

father died a couple days ago• D) Mary, who has had a loss of

appetite and can’t stop crying

12. Without treatment, those who have been through one episode of Major Depression:• A) have a 50% chance of having

another episode.• B) are unlikely to have another

occurrence in at least 5 years.• C) learn to cope with their

depression.• D) usually commit suicide within

the next year.

13. Jim asks, “What’s wrong with mania? If it is the opposite of depression, that sounds great.” You tell Jim a major problem that individuals with mania experience is:• A) they just want more and more

excitement.• B) grandiosity removes all limits on

their thoughts and behavior.• C) they ignore pain and just feel

great.• D) happiness is not in perspective

to what is going on around them.

14. ___ is to Major Depression as ___ is to Bipolar Disorder.

• A) sadness; happiness• B) acute; chronic• C) dysthymia; cyclothymia • D) cyclothymia; dysthymia

15. The drug lithium is usually the drug of choice for bipolar disorder because it regulates:• A) norepinephrine.• B) serotonin.• C) stress hormones.• D) glutamate.

16. This personality disorder lacks control over impulses and is most likely to harm his/her self.• A) multiple personality disorder• B) antisocial personality disorder• C) paranoid personality disorder• D) borderline personality disorder

17. Showing little or no remorse, the person with ___ personality disorder will frequently deceive or manipulate others for his/her own personal gain.• A) borderline• B) paranoid• C) antisocial• D) histrionic

18. Those with antisocial personality disorder have met the criteria for another disorder in childhood or adolescence, and that disorder is: • A) paranoid personality disorder.• B) conduct disorder.• C) schizophrenia.• D) drug abuse.

19. In this disorder, the individual will have many alter egos, holding separate memories, emotions, and motives.• A) multiple personality disorder• B) dissociative identity disorder• C) dissociative fugue• D) schizophrenia

20. Researchers have a problem with the “traumatic memory” explanation of dissociative identity disorder because:• A) just the opposite effect occurs in

most trauma victims.• B) most DID patients do not report

early abuse.• C) trauma victims usually repress

memories but do not develop DID.• D) none of the above are true.

21. A false belief that is strongly held in spite of contradictory evidence is:• A) a leap of faith.• B) a hallucination.• C) a delusion.• D) disorganized thinking.

22. The most common type of false perceptions in schizophrenia are:• A) delusions of grandeur.• B) visual hallucinations.• C) disorganized thinking.• D) auditory hallucinations.

23. Lack of emotional expression demonstrated by schizophrenic individuals is called: • A) alogia.• B) avolition.• C) flat affect.• D) delusions.

24. Waxy flexibility is a symptom found in:

• A) catatonic schizophrenia.• B) disorganized schizophrenia.• C) paranoid schizophrenia.• D) hebephrenic schizophrenia.

25. The fact that amphetamines and cocaine produce schizophrenia-like symptoms gives support for the ____ explanation of the cause of schizophrenia.• A) frontal lobe• B) dopamine hypothesis• C) loss of gray matter• D) viral infection theory

Stop here, or continue as a review

1. In order for behavior to be considered a psychological disorder, it must either:• A) be out of the ordinary or dangerous.• B) make others uncomfortable or put

them at risk.• C) put them at risk to harm

themselves or to harm others.• D) cause distress or impair

functioning.507

2. The book that officially classifies all the different psychological disorders is the:

• A) APA-Dx.• B) DSM-IV-TR.• C) ICD-10.• D) NCS.

509

3. According to an NCS study, the lifetime prevalence of psychological disorders is about:• A) 30%.• B) 20%.• C) 40%.• D) 50%.

510

4. The NCS found that women had a higher prevalence of ___ disorders and men had a higher prevalence of ___ disorders.

• A) anxiety; substance abuse• B) anxiety; depression• C) depression; anxiety• D) substance abuse; antisocial

personality

510

5. Which of these is an important qualification for a psychological disorder?

• A) There must be suffering.• B) It depends on the prevailing

culture.• C) There must be suffering and it

must impair the ability to function.• D) It must be rare.

507

6. Normal anxiety is different from pathological anxiety in that for it to be a disorder:• A) it must be irrational.• B) it is uncontrollable.• C) it is disruptive.• D) all of the above must be true.

512

7. Generalized anxiety disorder is sometimes referred to as: • A) acute stress disorder.• B) chronic stress disorder.• C) free-floating anxiety.• D) nonspecific target anxiety.

512

8. According to the cognitive-behavioral theory of panic disorder, people with panic disorder:• A) always experience anxiety when they

face the same situation.• B) misinterpret the physical signs of

arousal.• C) have flashbacks to an earlier

stressful event.• D) have regularly predicted panic

attacks. 513

9. Agoraphobia is: • A) fear of the marketplace.• B) fear of experiencing a panic

attack.• C) fear of spiders.• D) fear of heights.

515

10. John mentally counts whenever he is out in public. This is an example of:• A) a specific phobia.• B) a panic attack.• C) an obsession.• D) a compulsion.

507

11. Which of the following would not be an example of Major Depression?• A) Bob, who does not make eye contact

and feels hopeless• B) Jamie, who is preoccupied with death• C) Steve, who can’t sleep because his

father died a couple days ago• D) Mary, who has had a loss of

appetite and can’t stop crying

521

12. Without treatment, those who have been through one episode of Major Depression:• A) have a 50% chance of having

another episode.• B) are unlikely to have another

occurrence in at least 5 years.• C) learn to cope with their

depression.• D) usually commit suicide within

the next year.

13. Jim asks, “What’s wrong with mania? If it is the opposite of depression, that sounds great.” You tell Jim a major problem that individuals with mania experience is:• A) they just want more and more

excitement.• B) grandiosity removes all limits on their

thoughts and behavior.• C) they ignore pain and just feel

great.• D) happiness is not in perspective

to what is going on around them.523

14. ___ is to Major Depression as ___ is to Bipolar Disorder.

• A) sadness; happiness• B) acute; chronic• C) dysthymia; cyclothymia • D) cyclothymia; dysthymia

15. The drug lithium is usually the drug of choice for bipolar disorder because it regulates:• A) norepinephrine.• B) serotonin.• C) stress hormones.• D) glutamate.

525

16. This personality disorder lacks control over impulses and is most likely to harm his/her self.• A) multiple personality disorder• B) antisocial personality

disorder• C) paranoid personality

disorder• D) borderline personality

disorder529

17. Showing little or no remorse, the person with ___ personality disorder will frequently deceive or manipulate others for his/her own personal gain.• A) borderline• B) paranoid• C) antisocial• D) histrionic

528

18. Those with antisocial personality disorder have met the criteria for another disorder in childhood or adolescence, and that disorder is: • A) paranoid personality disorder.• B) conduct disorder.• C) schizophrenia.• D) drug abuse.

529

19. In this disorder, the individual will have many alter egos, holding separate memories, emotions, and motives.• A) multiple personality disorder• B) dissociative identity disorder• C) dissociative fugue• D) schizophrenia

531

20. Researchers have a problem with the “traumatic memory” explanation of dissociative identity disorder because:• A) just the opposite effect occurs in

most trauma victims.• B) most DID patients do not report

early abuse.• C) trauma victims usually repress

memories but do not develop DID.• D) none of the above are true.

532

21. A false belief that is strongly held in spite of contradictory evidence is:• A) a leap of faith.• B) a hallucination.• C) a delusion.• D) disorganized thinking.

533

22. The most common type of false perceptions in schizophrenia are:• A) delusions of grandeur.• B) visual hallucinations.• C) disorganized thinking.• D) auditory hallucinations.

534

23. Lack of emotional expression shown in schizophrenia is called: • A) alogia.• B) avolition.• C) flat affect.• D) delusions.

534

24. Waxy flexibility is a symptom found in:

• A) catatonic schizophrenia.• B) disorganized schizophrenia.• C) paranoid schizophrenia.• D) hebephrenic schizophrenia.

536

25. The fact that amphetamines and cocaine produce schizophrenia-like symptoms gives support for the ____ explanation of the cause of schizophrenia.• A) frontal lobe• B) dopamine hypothesis• C) loss of gray matter• D) viral infection theory

540

Acknowledgments• Step Up Created by:

John J. Schulte, Psy.D.• Based on Discovering

Psychology 4e by Hockenbury & Hockenbury

• Worth Publishers, 2007

Answers1. D2. B3. D4. A5. B6. D7. C8. B

9. B10. D11. C12. A13. B14. C15. D16. D

17. C18. B19. B20. A21. C22. D23. C24. A

25. B