step up to: psychology by john j. schulte, psy.d. from myers, psychology 8e worth publishers
TRANSCRIPT
Step Up To: PsychologyStep Up To: Psychologyby John J. Schulte, Psy.D.by John J. Schulte, Psy.D.
From Myers,From Myers,
Psychology 8ePsychology 8e
Worth PublishersWorth Publishers
Chapter 4: The Chapter 4: The Developing PersonDeveloping Person
Early Beginnings
Babes in Toyland
Rock-n-Roll
So Mature
Across the Lifespan
100
200
300
400
500
Early Beginnings
100
200
300
400
500
Babes in Toyland
100
200
300
400
500
Rock-n-Roll
100
200
300
400
500
So Mature
100
200
300
400
500
Across the Lifespan
1. A teratogen is a(n): 1. A teratogen is a(n):
• A) fertilized egg that undergoes rapid cell division.
• B) unborn child with one or more physical defects or abnormalities.
• C) chromosomal abnormality.• D) substance that can cross the placental
barrier and harm an unborn child.
2. The developing human organism 2. The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to from 9 weeks after conception to birth is known as a(n): birth is known as a(n): • A) embryo.
• B) fetus.
• C) zygote.
• D) neonate.
3. Newborn infants typically prefer their 3. Newborn infants typically prefer their mother’s voice over their father’s voice mother’s voice over their father’s voice because: because:
• A) their rooting reflex is naturally triggered by higher-pitched sounds.
• B) they rapidly habituate to lower-pitched male voices.
• C) they become familiar with their mother’s voice before they are born.
• D) they form an emotional attachment to their mother during breast-feeding.
4. Research on the perceptual 4. Research on the perceptual abilities of newborns indicates that abilities of newborns indicates that they: they:
• A) see nothing for the first 12 hours.• B) see only differences in brightness.• C) recognize the outlines of objects but
none of the details.• D) look more at a human face than at a
bull’s-eye pattern.
5.5. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson can’t wait to Mr. and Mrs. Johnson can’t wait to begin toilet training their year-old begin toilet training their year-old daughter. They need to be informed daughter. They need to be informed of the importance of:of the importance of:
• A) imprinting.
• B) habituation.
• C) maturation.
• D) object permanence.
6. According to Piaget, egocentrism refers 6. According to Piaget, egocentrism refers to:to:• A) a sensorimotor need for self-
stimulation.• B) young children’s exaggerated
interest in their own pleasure.• C) the inability to perceive things from
another person’s point of view.• D) the inability to realize that things
continue to exist even when they are not visible.
7. Lisa attempts to retrieve her bottle 7. Lisa attempts to retrieve her bottle after her father hides it under a after her father hides it under a blanket. This suggests that Lisa has blanket. This suggests that Lisa has developed a sense of: developed a sense of: • A) egocentrism.
• B) object permanence.
• C) conservation.
• D) accommodation.
8. Erik Erikson suggested that children 8. Erik Erikson suggested that children with a secure attachment to their parents with a secure attachment to their parents are especially likely to experience: are especially likely to experience:
• A) basic trust.
• B) egocentrism.
• C) stranger anxiety.
• D) object permanence.
9. Self-esteem in children is most 9. Self-esteem in children is most positively correlated with ______ positively correlated with ______ parenting.parenting.
• A) permissive
• B) authoritative
• C) conservative
• D) authoritarian
10. Five-year-old Tammy mistakenly 10. Five-year-old Tammy mistakenly believes that her short, wide glass contains believes that her short, wide glass contains less soda than her brother’s tall, narrow less soda than her brother’s tall, narrow glass even though they actually contain glass even though they actually contain equal amounts. Tammy lacks the concept equal amounts. Tammy lacks the concept
of:of: • A) egocentrism.• B) object permanence.• C) accommodation.• D) conservation.
11. The term 11. The term pubertypuberty refers to the refers to the period of: period of:
• A) formal operations and the development of conventional morality.
• B) late adolescence when self-identity is formed.
• C) surging physical growth and the onset of reproductive capability.
• D) sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent.
12. The deepened male voice and 12. The deepened male voice and facial hair on the male are called: facial hair on the male are called:
• A) masculine prototypes.
• B) secondary sex characteristics.
• C) primary sex characteristics.
• D) teratogens.
13. Who is likely to be the most 13. Who is likely to be the most popular student in the fifth-grade popular student in the fifth-grade class? class?
• A) Helmut, who is the tallest boy in the class.
• B) Jeff, who is the statistician for the basketball team.
• C) Hara, who is below average in height and physical maturity.
• D) Sally, who is the most sexually mature girl in the class.
14. According to Kohlberg, morality 14. According to Kohlberg, morality based on a desire to uphold the laws based on a desire to uphold the laws of society is characteristic of the ____ of society is characteristic of the ____ stage.stage.
• A) preconventional
• B) preoperational
• C) conventional
• D) postconventional
15. A postconventional level of morality is most 15. A postconventional level of morality is most likely to be found in cultures that value:likely to be found in cultures that value:
• A) individualism.
• B) utilitarianism.
• C) communism.
• D) social harmony.
16. An irreversible brain disorder 16. An irreversible brain disorder marked by a deterioration of marked by a deterioration of reasoning and memory is called:reasoning and memory is called:
• A) Parkinson’s disease.
• B) arteriosclerosis.
• C) psychogenic amnesia.
• D) Alzheimer’s disease.
17. The term 17. The term social clock social clock refers to: refers to: • A) the culturally preferred timing for when
one should leave home, marry, have children, and retire.
• B) the pace of life in a culture as assessed by its level of industrialization.
• C) the average age of people in different social groups and organizations.
• D) the different ways in which societies evaluate the physical and cognitive changes accompanying the aging process.
18. Erik Erikson maintained that the 18. Erik Erikson maintained that the two basic aspects of life that dominate two basic aspects of life that dominate adulthood are:adulthood are:
• A) identity and independence.
• B) intimacy and identity.
• C) intimacy and generativity.
• D) independence and generativity.
19. Research suggests that during early 19. Research suggests that during early and middle adulthood, crystallized and middle adulthood, crystallized intelligence ___ and fluid intelligence intelligence ___ and fluid intelligence ___.___.
• A) decreases; increases
• B) increases; decreases
• C) increases; increases
• D) decreases; decreases
20. On which of the following tasks are 55-20. On which of the following tasks are 55-year-old adults most likely to perform just as year-old adults most likely to perform just as effectively as they could 30 years earlier?effectively as they could 30 years earlier?
• A) writing a story.
• B) solving an abstract geometry problem.
• C) recalling previously presented nonsense syllables.
• D) repeating numbers in the opposite order they were presented.
21. In a study of 3000 midlife adults, most 21. In a study of 3000 midlife adults, most postmenopausal women recalled feelings postmenopausal women recalled feelings of ____ with the onset of menopause.of ____ with the onset of menopause.
• A) regret
• B) panic
• C) relief
• D) pain
22. The best basis for predicting whether a 22. The best basis for predicting whether a high school student will smoke marijuana high school student will smoke marijuana would be the:would be the:
• A) attitude of the student’s parents toward marijuana.
• B) student’s attitudes toward his or her parents.
• C) extent to which the student has attained a postconventional level of morality.
• D) number of the student’s friends who smoke marijuana.
23. Researchers have sneakily dabbed 23. Researchers have sneakily dabbed rouge on young children’s noses in order rouge on young children’s noses in order to study the developmental beginnings to study the developmental beginnings of:of:
• A) egocentrism.
• B) object permanence.
• C) habituation.
• D) self-awareness.
24. During the grieving period following the 24. During the grieving period following the death of one’s spouse:death of one’s spouse:
• A) the expression of intense grief contributes to a more rapid recovery from sadness.
• B) those who talk frequently with others are unusually likely to prolong their own feelings of depression.
• C) grieving men are at greater risk for ill health than are grieving women.
• D) both men and women go through predictable stages of denial followed by anger.
25. Tommy disapproves of stealing candy 25. Tommy disapproves of stealing candy from his sister because he thinks his from his sister because he thinks his mother will spank him if he does. Henry mother will spank him if he does. Henry best represents a(n) _____ morality.best represents a(n) _____ morality.
• A) preconventional
• B) preoperational
• C) conventional
• D) postconventional
Stop here, or continue as a review
1. A teratogen is a(n): 1. A teratogen is a(n):
• A) fertilized egg that undergoes rapid cell division.
• B) unborn child with one or more physical defects or abnormalities.
• C) chromosomal abnormality.
• D) substance that can cross the placental barrier and harm an unborn child.
141
2. The developing human organism 2. The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to from 9 weeks after conception to birth is known as a(n): birth is known as a(n):
• A) embryo.
• B) fetus.
• C) zygote.
• D) neonate.
141
3. Newborn infants typically prefer their 3. Newborn infants typically prefer their mother’s voice over their father’s voice mother’s voice over their father’s voice because: because:
• A) their rooting reflex is naturally triggered by higher-pitched sounds.
• B) they rapidly habituate to lower-pitched male voices.
• C) they become familiar with their mother’s voice before they are born.
• D) they form an emotional attachment to their mother during breast-feeding.
143
4. Research on the perceptual 4. Research on the perceptual abilities of newborns indicates that abilities of newborns indicates that they: they:
• A) see nothing for the first 12 hours.
• B) see only differences in brightness.
• C) recognize the outlines of objects but none of the details.
• D) look more at a human face than at a bull’s-eye pattern.
146
5.5. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson can’t wait to Mr. and Mrs. Johnson can’t wait to begin toilet training their year-old begin toilet training their year-old daughter. They need to be informed daughter. They need to be informed of the importance of:of the importance of:
• A) imprinting.
• B) habituation.
• C) maturation.
• D) object permanence.
145
6. According to Piaget, egocentrism refers 6. According to Piaget, egocentrism refers to:to:• A) a sensorimotor need for self-
stimulation.
• B) young children’s exaggerated interest in their own pleasure.
• C) the inability to perceive things from another person’s point of view.
• D) the inability to realize that things continue to exist even when they are not visible.
150
7. Lisa attempts to retrieve her bottle 7. Lisa attempts to retrieve her bottle after her father hides it under a after her father hides it under a blanket. This suggests that Lisa has blanket. This suggests that Lisa has developed a sense of: developed a sense of: • A) egocentrism.
• B) object permanence.
• C) conservation.
• D) accommodation.
149
8. Erik Erikson suggested that children 8. Erik Erikson suggested that children with a secure attachment to their parents with a secure attachment to their parents are especially likely to experience: are especially likely to experience:
• A) basic trust.
• B) egocentrism.
• C) stranger anxiety.
• D) object permanence.
155
9. Self-esteem in children is most 9. Self-esteem in children is most positively correlated with ______ positively correlated with ______ parenting.parenting.
• A) permissive
• B) authoritative
• C) conservative
• D) authoritarian
162
10. Five-year-old Tammy mistakenly 10. Five-year-old Tammy mistakenly believes that her short, wide glass contains believes that her short, wide glass contains less soda than her brother’s tall, narrow less soda than her brother’s tall, narrow glass even though they actually contain glass even though they actually contain equal amounts. Tammy lacks the concept equal amounts. Tammy lacks the concept
of:of: • A) egocentrism.• B) object permanence.• C) accommodation.• D) conservation.
150
11. The term 11. The term pubertypuberty refers to refers to the period of: the period of:
• A) formal operations and the development of conventional morality.
• B) late adolescence when self-identity is formed.
• C) surging physical growth and the onset of reproductive capability.
• D) sexual attraction to the opposite- sex parent.
165
12. The deepened male voice and 12. The deepened male voice and facial hair on the male are called: facial hair on the male are called:
• A) masculine prototypes.
• B) secondary sex characteristics.
• C) primary sex characteristics.
• D) teratogens.
165
13. Who is likely to be the most 13. Who is likely to be the most popular student in the fifth-grade popular student in the fifth-grade class? class?
• A) Helmut, who is the tallest boy in the class.
• B) Jeff, who is the statistician for the basketball team.
• C) Hara, who is below average in height and physical maturity.
• D) Sally, who is the most sexually mature girl in the class.
166
14. According to Kohlberg, morality 14. According to Kohlberg, morality based on a desire to uphold the laws based on a desire to uphold the laws of society is characteristic of the ____ of society is characteristic of the ____ stage.stage.
• A) preconventional
• B) preoperational
• C) conventional
• D) postconventional
168
15. A postconventional level of morality 15. A postconventional level of morality is most likely to be found in cultures that is most likely to be found in cultures that value:value:
• A) individualism.
• B) utilitarianism.
• C) communism.
• D) social harmony.
168
16. An irreversible brain disorder 16. An irreversible brain disorder marked by a deterioration of marked by a deterioration of reasoning and memory is called:reasoning and memory is called:
• A) Parkinson’s disease.
• B) arteriosclerosis.
• C) psychogenic amnesia.
• D) Alzheimer’s disease.
180
17. The term 17. The term social clock social clock refers to: refers to:
• A) the culturally preferred timing for when one should leave home, marry, have children, and retire.
• B) the pace of life in a culture as assessed by its level of industrialization.
• C) the average age of people in different social groups and organizations.
• D) the different ways in which societies evaluate the physical and cognitive changes accompanying the aging process.
186
18. Erik Erikson maintained that the 18. Erik Erikson maintained that the two basic aspects of life that dominate two basic aspects of life that dominate adulthood are:adulthood are:
• A) identity and independence.
• B) intimacy and identity.
• C) intimacy and generativity.
• D) independence and generativity.
187
19. Research suggests that during early 19. Research suggests that during early and middle adulthood, crystallized and middle adulthood, crystallized intelligence ___ and fluid intelligence intelligence ___ and fluid intelligence ___.___.
• A) decreases; increases
• B) increases; decreases
• C) increases; increases
• D) decreases; decreases
184
20. On which of the following tasks are 55-20. On which of the following tasks are 55-year-old adults most likely to perform just as year-old adults most likely to perform just as effectively as they could 30 years earlier?effectively as they could 30 years earlier?
• A) writing a story.
• B) solving an abstract geometry problem.
• C) recalling previously presented nonsense syllables.
• D) repeating numbers in the opposite order they were presented.
185
21. In a study of 3000 midlife adults, most 21. In a study of 3000 midlife adults, most postmenopausal women recalled feelings postmenopausal women recalled feelings of ____ with the onset of menopause.of ____ with the onset of menopause.
• A) regret
• B) panic
• C) relief
• D) pain
176
22. The best basis for predicting 22. The best basis for predicting whether a high school student will whether a high school student will smoke marijuana would be the:smoke marijuana would be the:
• A) attitude of the student’s parents toward marijuana.
• B) student’s attitudes toward his or her parents.
• C) extent to which the student has attained a postconventional level of morality.
• D) number of the student’s friends who smoke marijuana.
172
23. Researchers have sneakily dabbed 23. Researchers have sneakily dabbed rouge on young children’s noses in order rouge on young children’s noses in order to study the developmental beginnings to study the developmental beginnings of:of:
• A) egocentrism.
• B) object permanence.
• C) habituation.
• D) self-awareness.
161
24. During the grieving period following 24. During the grieving period following the death of one’s spouse:the death of one’s spouse:
• A) the expression of intense grief contributes to a more rapid recovery from sadness.
• B) those who talk frequently with others are unusually likely to prolong their own feelings of depression.
• C) grieving men are at greater risk for ill health than are grieving women.
• D) both men and women go through predictable stages of denial followed by anger. 191
25. Tommy disapproves of stealing 25. Tommy disapproves of stealing candy from his sister because he thinks candy from his sister because he thinks his mother will spank him if he does. his mother will spank him if he does. Henry best represents a(n) _____ Henry best represents a(n) _____ morality.morality.
• A) preconventional
• B) preoperational
• C) conventional
• D) postconventional
168
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
• Step Up Created by:– John J. Schulte, Psy.D.
• Based on Psychology, Eighth Edition by
• David Myers• Published by• Worth Publishers, 2006
AnswersAnswers
1. D
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. C
6. C
7. B
8. A
9. B
10. D
11. C
12. B
13. A
14. C
15. A
16. D
17. A
18. C
19. B
20. A
21. C
22. D
23. D
24. C
25. B