steel handbook - stavanger steel · 6 7 steel properties depends on chemical composition and heat...
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Steel HandbookMaterials Reference Book
32
Dear customerWe hope this book will prove useful to you as a practical steel reference guide. We have also made it small enough to comfortably carry around with you. Please just let us know if you would like additional copies.
Best regards, Stavanger Steel ASStålverksvegen 51N-4100 JØRPELANDNORWAYTel: +47 51 74 34 00 www.stavangersteel.noE-mail: post@stavangersteel.no
Contents of this bookAs well as an introduction to SSA and our products, you will find a lot of useful information about steel and stainless steel, corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, heat treatment, welding, casting and forging, testing and standardising.
In addition, the conversion tables we have included for units, temperature and mechanicalproperties should be useful too. We have alsopresented an overview of the different steel grades we supply, and the way they meetinternational and other standards.
54
Stavanger Steel ASSSA is part of a long and proud industrial tradition. Stavanger Electro Staalverk A/S was established in Jørpeland, Norway in 1911. Scana Steel Stavanger AS operated on the same site between 1991 and 2015, and now Stavanger Steel AS carries on that tradition as Norway`s sole special-ized steelworks, and one of Europe`s leading suppliers of forged and cast steel products.
We intend to build on this tradition and develop SSA based on the good standing, performance and expertise of the company. Our main product segments will continue to be cast and forged steel components for a range of different markets.
As an exclusive supplier, SSA offers a “one-stop-shop” - service to our customers. Through our partnerships with qualified suppliers we process components from melted scrap steel through the entire production process, including heat treatment, machining, NDE, testing of mechanical properties, surface treatment and assembly. SSA also offers elements of this process as stand-alone services.
With our high level of flexibility we can meet all market demands with short delivery times and excellent quality. SSA also offers design and material engineering support provided by highly qualified staff in our technical department.
SSA organizes the classification and inspection of all components, saving our customers valuable time. SSA operates a professional laboratory at our production site, which, in addition to being an important element in our internal quality assurance regime, meets or exceeds the require-ments of third party classification agencies.
By working closely with reliable partners in Norway and abroad, SSA will be able to meet all the requirements the market demands. By combining over one hundred years of industrial tradition with modern expertise and excellence in all of our activities, we live up to our name – Stavanger Steel AS.
6 7
Steel properties depends on chemical composition and heat treatment
Corrosion resistanceIn general terms, steel is said to be stainless whenchromium content is above 10.5 %. Adding morechromium, molybdenum and nitrogen further increases corrosion resistance.
Super stainless steel grades may contain 25 % Cr, 7 % Mo and some nitrogen, resulting in a PRE value above 40. PRE is an empirical formula designed for the highest class of stainless steel.
PRE = Pitting Resistant Equivalent PRE = %Cr + 3,3 · %Mo + 16 · %N.
Small amounts of Nitrogen (N) have a significanteffect on the corrosion resistance and also
stabilize austenitic structure. Nickel (Ni) is a common alloying element in stainless steels and is added for stabilizing the austenitic structure.
Materials selectionProper materials selection is vital for the lifetimeof the steel. Knowledge about exposure to internal or external corrosive media is a key consideration in making the correct choices. Temperature, pres-sure, concentration of corrosive media, flow rate, design and physical connection to other materials are also of crucial importance.
But corrosion resistance is not the only thingto consider. Strength, toughness and weldabilityare other important factors. You may find an alloy in our tables of steel grades that meets many of your needs.
SSA manufactures a wide selection of forged and cast corrosion-resistant steel alloys. With our wide experience of many different applications, we can help you in making the best materials selection.
Depending on your precise needs, we can also manufacture customised steel grades to your specifications. Our highly efficient production processes enable us to produce anything from small one-off orders to larger batches.
8 9
Mechanical properties of stainless steel alloysMechanical properties are a consequenceof material structure and are determined by the type and amount of alloying elements and subsequent heat treatment. Stainless steel alloys may be grouped into hardenable (martensitic) and non-hardenable (austenitic and duplex) structures.
Austenitic stainless steels like SSA gradesS316L / S128MIIIsuper have low yield strength,although their hardness and strength can be increased by adding Cr and Mo (6Mo steel). Austenitic steels are very ductile and tough (impact test at -196 °C) and are non-magnetic.
Duplex stainless steels like S8490 (“duplex”) and SAF2507 (“super duplex”) have excellent corrosion resistance combined with high strength,due to their fine grained two-phase structure. Martensitic stainless steels like S134M and S165M are tough even though they have been hardened to a high tensile strength of 800-1,000 MPa. The tempering temperature is vital for strength and toughness. Higher temperature increases toughness and decreases strength, and vice versa. SSA will be pleased to help you find the optimal properties for your application.
1110
Heat treatment arranged by typeExcept from billets in some grades steel products never leaves the SSA plant without having been heat treated, because this is vital for achieving optimal physical properties. Below, you will find an overview of the most common types of heat treatment in steel production:
Normalising is a heat treatment performed on carbon-manganese steel by heating to about900 °C and cooling in air. The micro structure is named ferrite-perlite. Stress-relieving at about 600 ºC for reducing stress after welding to cast steel will not affect the structure of normalized steel, but will temper hard zones (HAZ) around the weld deposit.
Quenched and tempered (QT) describes a two-step heat treatment process: first heating to about 900 ºC and then fast-cooling in water or polymer emulsion. The next step is the temper-ing, with the temperature depending on the steel grade and the specification of hardness/strength and toughness. In general terms, low temperature is used to achieve high strength and low toughness, and vice versa. High alloyed hardenable steel may be allowed to cool in oil or air to harden.
Solution annealing describes a heat treatment
Solution annealing describes heat treatment used for austenitic and duplex steel alloys.By heating to about 1,000 -1,200 ºC followed by rapid cooling, the alloy will have a homogenous structure with no detrimental precipitation that may cause reductions in corrosion resistance or toughness.
Stress relieving is performed to reduce stressafter non-uniform shrinkage caused by cooling,or after welding. Welding causes a local temperature rise close to the weld, which results in localised expansion followed by shrinkage as the metal cools. This can cause the steel to deform or cracks to appear due to localised stresses. Stress relieving evens and reduces this stress. It also reduces hardness in the heat-affected zones in the base material close to the weld deposit, creating a tougher weld connection.
Aging is also known as precipitation hardening. For some stainless steel grades (e.g. 17-4 PH) and some Nickel base alloys (Alloy 718) aging by heat treatment is required. This is a two-step process were the alloy is firstly solution annealed followed by rapid cooling, and then held at an elevated temperature for some time to produce fine dispersed precipitates (particles that increases strength).
12 13
Heat treatment arranged by micro structureSSA supply a range of different stainless steel alloys. Most of these alloy steels require very specific and carefully managed heat treatment to obtain the required quality and material structure. SSA has extensive capacity for isothermal annealing, normalising, stress relieving, hardening, quenching and tempering of steel products. Furnaces are calibrated according to Norsok M-650 / API 6A Appendix M.
All heat treatments are documented by graphs.
Below, you will find some steel alloys groupedby structure:
Carbon steel grades as well as martensitic stainless steel grades are quenched and tempered (QT), gaining a tempered martensitic structure. The mechanical properties are depending on the tempering temperature level. Low tempering temperatures result in high strength/hardness but less ductility and toughness. On the other hand, high tempering temperatures result in less strength/hardness but increased ductility and toughness. (Toughness is measured by Charpy-V impact testing in Joule at a specified temperature).
Thanks to their excellent hardenability properties,martensitic stainless steel grades can be hardened by air cooling. Depending on yourspecifications, tempering is an ideal way to achieve the strength and toughness you need.
14 15
Duplex stainless steel grades are quenched,but are not hardenable by quenching. Their hardness, strength and toughness are achieved by the combination of austenite / ferrite structures and their small grain size. Heat treatment in this case is solution annealing at 1,000-1,130 ºC, with rapid cooling in water to achieve corrosion resistance and the correct ferrite/austenite ratio.
Schaeffler diagram forprediction of structureWe can predict the structure of steel usingchemical analysis. The diagram below has beencompiled on the basis of many tests, in which melted steel alloys were rapidly cooled to roomtemperature (simulating a welding deposit). The structure is defined by metallographic testing.
The diagram is like a “map”. Mapping the percen-tage of actual elements into the values on the horizontal (Cr) and vertical (Ni) axis will provide you with digits to plot into the diagram, giving you an estimate of the steel’s structure. (ref. 316)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
6MO
316
DuplexS165M
S355
A+M
Martensit
0%Ferrrit
M+F
A+F
A+M+F
Ferrit
5%
10%
20%
40%
80%
Austenit
Nickel equivalent = % Ni + 30 · %C + 0,5 · %Mn + 30 · %N
Chrom. equivalent = % Cr + 1,4 · %Mo + 1,5 · %Si + 0,5 · %Nb + 2 · %Ti
Type and amount of alloying elements are decisive for the structure of the steel.
Austenitic steel grades are solution annealedat 1,000-1,280 ºC followed by rapid coolingin water to achieve excellent ductility, toughnessand corrosion resistance.
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SSASteel production and products Melting shopThe production is scrap steel based. The scrap is graded into different classes according to type and amount of alloying elements. The scrap is melted in an EAF (electric arc furnace), and refined by an AOD (Argon-Oxygen- Decarburi- zation). By adding different alloying elements to the molten steel, the desired steel grade can be produced.
The process in the AOD includes reducing the content of carbon, impurities and dissolved gases. Controlled nitrogen alloying for high alloyed steel grades is also performed in the AOD converter.
Our steelworks is well known for its ability to manufacture a wide range of high quality low-alloyed, high-alloyed and stainless steel grades.
For most of our grades, we utilize a furnace with a capacity of approximately 12 tons and an
Ingot Dim. Dim. Length Form Ingots weight top bottom ingot (4-8-12 sided) per (kg) (mm) (mm) (mm) ingots charge
650 280 265 1100 4 16
1200 360 325 1400 4 10
2700 450 415 1830 4 4
3400 510 440 2050 4 3
4500 660 625 1660 8 3
6200 830 680 1898 12 2
12200 1100 900 2170 8 1
Ingot dimensions
AOD-converter with a capacity of approximately 17 tons. The small heat size and sophisticated refining process in our melting shop enables us to produce small heats of grades with customer specified chemical analysis, that may deviate from standard grades or have narrower limits than stan-dard grades. For the production of our Strømhard grade, we utilize a furnace with a capacity of approx. 6 tons for both melting and refining.
1918
Tem
pera
ture
C̊Em
pty
1490
1469
1449
1428
1407
1386
1366
1345
1324
1304
1283
1262
1241
1221
1200
X
Z
Y
Cast or forged steelManufacturing steel is a lengthy process. It begins at the melting shop, where steel melts are produced in electrical furnaces, and finishing refining and alloying process in an AOD converter (AOD = Argon Oxygen Decarburisation).
Steel alloys intended for forging are first cast into ingots. In the forging plant, ingots are heated to make them ductile for hot forging.
If the product is too complex for forging, casting may be an alternative.
Forged steel products are normally more fine-grained compared with cast steel. This may be reflected in the improved mechanical properties of forged steel.
Due to the different requirements that apply to the mechanical properties, cast and forged steel need to meet separate steel standards.
20 21
Forged stainless steel productsThe forge heats up the ingots to forging temperature. Manipulators then collect the ingots in the furnaces and bring them to the 1,600 tonnes forging press. Here, the products are forged according to the customer’s specification. The products are delivered to our customers as forged, rough machined, finish machined, or grinded billets for further forging, milling, etc.
SSA manufactures forged products in stainless steel alloys like duplex, super duplex, austenitic and martensitic hardenable stainless steel.
The ingots are heated up to forging temperaturein the gas-fired furnaces. Furnace temperature is controlled, monitored and linked to the computer system in the forging press. The normal forging temperature is 1,150-1,250 ºC.
SSA forges different product forms as flat, square and round bars and shafts, and also billets (semi-forged products).
Dimensions limited to SSA ingot sizes and required reduction grade.
Equipment:• 1600 t hydraulic free – form press.• 6 t forging manipulator.• Forging furnaces, gas fired/regenerator burners.
Steel grades:Duplex, super-duplex, austenitic, super-austenitic, ferrittic/martensitic.
Products:Round, square and flat bars. Shafts. Round, square and flat billets for further forging/rolling. Other forge products. Dimensions according to ingot sizes and reduction requirements.
22 23
Cast steel productsCasting is a complex process. Working from the customer’s specifications, drawings are then transferred to computer programmes (Solidedge, Magmasoft etc.) that help us to assess issues like slip angles, oversizing to allow for shrinkage during solidification, and where to put chills, feeders and inlets. Working with the results we get from this process, the wooden or plastic pattern is then designed and physically finished.
The pattern model is placed into a frameand buried in sand mixed with binding agent.The quality of the moulding depends heavily on the consistency of the sand, good craftsmanshipand the correct casting temperature.
SSA supplies a wide range of cast steel products, including carbon-manganese steel, alloyed
QT-steel, manganese steel (Hadfield-steel) for stone crushing, and different stainless steel grades like duplex, super-duplex, austenitic and martensitic stainless steel. Examples of applications for stainless steel products in the marine industry include propeller blades and propeller hubs, while we also make bodies and parts of pumps and valves for the oil industry. For the chemicals, turbine and wood processing industries, we manufacture turbine and pump bodies and parts, impellers, paddle wheels, welding flanges and rings.
SSA also produces steel grades for high-wear purposes, like stone crushers. Alloying elements in the range of 12-20 % manganese (Mn) and 0-3 % chromium (Cr), often referred to as Hadfield-steel. The steels are initially austenitic, but harden effectively via cold deformation when in service; an example of this is SSA's “Strømhard” grade.
SSA delivers castings in low-alloyed steel for onshore and offshore purposes, including nodes for offshore platforms, parts for buoy mooring systems and pad-eyes. Structural steel components are alloyed to achieve good weldability.
Our foundry is well known for high-qualityproducts and our ability to produce complex
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Linear dimensional tolerance for dimensional casting tolerance grade (DCTG)
Nominal dimensions DCTG12 DCTG 13 DCTG 14 DCTG 15 related to the moulded part (mm)
to 10 mm 4,2 - - -
10,1 – 16 4,4 - - -
16,1 – 25 4,6 6 8 10
25,1 – 40 5 7 9 11
40,1 – 63 5,6 8 10 12
63,1 – 100 6 9 11 14
100,1 – 160 7 10 12 16
160,1 – 250 8 11 14 18
250,1 – 400 9 12 16 20
400,1 – 630 10 14 18 22
630,1 – 1000 11 16 20 25
1000,1 – 1600 13 18 23 29
1600,1 – 2500 15 21 26 33
2500,1 – 4000 17 24 30 38
4000,1 – 6300 20 28 35 44
6300,1 – 10000 23 32 40 50
cast products using a wide range of stainlessand structural steel grades. This steel requires a high level of competence throughout themanufacturing process, which is where we benefit from having all the necessary process steps in-house. These include casting methoddevelopment and simulation, pattern shop,moulding, heat treatment, upgrading/welding,machining and NDE. This allows us to control the entire production process, fromthe melt and engineering to the finished product.
Patterns: wood or plasticMould system: chemically bonded Olivine sand and Sodium Silicate Ester. Unit weight: 500 – 10,000 kg
According to NS-EN ISO 8062-3:2007
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Required machining allowance grade (RMAG)
Largest overall RMAG H RMAG J RMAG K dimension (mm)
to 40 mm 0,7 1 2
40,1 – 63 1 1,4 3
63,1 – 100 2 2,8 4
100,1 – 160 3 4 6
160,1 – 250 4 5,5 8
250,1 – 400 5 7 10
400,1 – 630 6 9 12
630,1 – 1000 7 10 14
1000,1 – 1600 8 11 16
1600,1 – 2500 9 13 18
2500,1 – 4000 10 14 20
4000,1 – 6300 11 16 22
6300,1 - 10000 12 17 24
Fillet radii of cast products
According to experience fillet radii of cast products should be in proportion to the cast thickness to avoid local cast defects:
Cast thickness (t) in mm Fillet radii (r) in mm
t < 25 mm r = t
25 < t < 75 r = 25 mm
t > 75 r = 1/3 t
The nature of castings Casting is a complicated process. About 1,500 °C molten steel is poured through a ceramic inlet system into sand moulds which depending on com-plexity and wall thickness may cause impurities like porosity, sand or slag inclusions. This is the nature of many castings. A purchaser will require rectifica-tion according to accept levels stated in standards and specifications. The imperfections are removed by arc gouging and/or grinding, and welded accord-ing to WPS (Welding Procedure Specification).
Production welding of steel castingsAccording to ISO 11970 the definition of Production welding is “any welding carried out during manufac-turing before final delivery to purchaser including joint welding of castings and finishing welding”. “Welding procedure tests shall be carried out according to this standard, unless additional tests are specified by the purchaser or by agreement between the contracting parties.” Welding is carried out according to WPSs which refer to 3rd Party approved WPQR’s tested accord-ing to standards and specifications required for con-struction welding like ISO 15614-1, ASME IX, AWS D1.1, NORSOK M-101 or Classification Companies standards and specifications. SSA welders are tested and certified according to ISO 9606-1, and are approved for welding SSA steel grades according to WPS. SSA has implemented quality procedures and instructions e.g. for handling of consumables and heat treat-ment according to relevant standards.
According to NS-EN ISO 8062-3:2007
28 29
Weld Deposit
Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) Base Material
WeldabilityIn specific terms the weldability of carbon-manganese steel grades, the CE factor used inpreheat calculations contains chemical elementsincreasing the hardenability of the steel:
CE = %C+ + +
Preheat temperature is defined as the localised temperature of the base material at the point where you start welding. After a few weld passes, the steel will be hot, and we may have to wait for the temperature to decrease to the maximum inter-pass temperature before proceeding.
Preheating is performed to control the hardnessin the HAZ (Heat Affected Zone). Excessive hardness may cause reduced ductility and toughness, or even hydrogen cracks.
To calculate the preheat temperature, the welding engineer needs to know the expected heat input (Q) calculated from the formulae:
Q =
U = voltage, I = electric current, v = welding speed (mm/s) and ĸ = welding factor (efficiency).
In addition, it is necessary to consider localised hydrogen content (moisture, oil, grease, dust) as well as the thickness of the steel.
Welding procedure approval starts by making a pWPS (preliminary welding procedure specification) for the welding test.
The welding parameters are logged duringthe welding sequence. The welded test piece is cut into test samples as required, and the testingmay be witnessed by a third party. All test results and welding parameters are recorded in a WPQR. The welding engineer provides a WPS (welding procedure specification) for the job or repair, with reference to the WPQR no.
U · I · ĸv · 1000
%Mn %Cr+Mo+%v %Ni+%Cu6 5 15
3130
Quality Control of productsSSA QC department is performing destructive and non-destructive testing of forged products and castings according to relevant standards and specifications. NDE: Visual (VT), Penetrant (PT), Magnetic powder (MT), Ultrasonic testing (UT)DT: Tensile testing, Impact testing, Bend testing, Hardness testingStructure: Metallographic micro- and macro testingCorrosion: Testing according to Standard test methodsChemical: Spectrograph analysis for all relevant elements
SSA Technical Department adds value to the testing process through high metallurgical competence and long experience.
Testing ofsteel gradesChemical analysis of ladle (steel melt) and, if specified, product analysis to an accuracy of 1/1000%, documented in the material certificate.
Tension test for measuring yield strength (YS), tensile strength (TS), elongation (A) and reduction of area (RA). Yield strength is often called Re or Rp 0.2, tensile strength Rm, elongation A, and reduction of area Z.
Hardness test, Vickers (HV), Rockwell (HRB (ball)), HRC (cone)) or Brinell (HB).
Impact test is most often required for hardenableand duplex steels. The measuring unit used is theJoule, and always refers to test body temperature.Test bodies are normally Charpy-V (KV).
Corrosion test will be performed if required for high alloyed stainless steels (e.g. ASTM G48).
NDT (None Destructive Testing) is performedduring the manufacturing process and on finishedproducts, before shipping to the customer.Ultrasonic testing (UT), Magnetic powder (MT), Penetrant (PT) and Visual testing (VT).
SSA steel grades are tested either by standardised methods, or as required by the customer.
32 33
Hire WorkSSA offer hire work like forging, heat treatment, testing, machining and documentation, or parts of this process. Normally including low-alloy steel grades like F22, AISI 8630, AISI 4130/4140, AISI 4330 etc. All these steel grades will be purchased from other steel works by SSA or the customer.
Heat treatment furnaces calibrated according to Norsok M-650 ed. 4, Appendix B, and API 6A: 2010 / ISO 10423:2009
Heat treatment furnaces
Nr Workingzone-mm Temp. range – °C Capasity-T
110 2000X1300X8300 560-1150 16
112 1780X640X6250 900-1150 16
113 2200X670X6000 900-1150 16
125 1920X1930X2880 470-1140 15
126 3200X2250X5040 470-1140 17
135 2650X2240X6050 470-1140 30
143 2170X980X5190 470-1060 15
144 1400X900X5540 560-1060 15
Size of Quenching bath/water: Length 8000/Width 4000/Depth 2000mm. Pump agitation.
34 35
Material documentationAll products are delivered with an inspection certificate containing test results from mechanical testing, corrosion testing, etc. Inspection documents are produced in line with EN 10204, and include the 3.1 certificate issued by SSA, or the 3.2 certificate when third party certification is involved. Enclosed a typical inspection certificate.
Sour ServiceIf required by Customer, many of our steel grades can be delivered according to "sour service" requirements as specified in ISO 15156/NACE MR0175.E.g. for carbon and low alloyed steels this implies a maximum hardness of 22 HRC and a maximum of 1 % Nickel (Ni) content. For high alloyed and stainless steel grades this often implies an extra heat treatment.
Approvals Norsok M-650SSA is a qualified manufacturer of duplex and super-duplex stainless steel.
Classification companiesSSA is approved by Det Norske Veritas (DNV GL) Steel Castings and Forgings, Bureau Veritas (BV) and Technisches Überwachungs Verein (TÜV) for manufacturing steel and stainless steel products. Lloyds Register of Shipping (LRS) and American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) is an ongoing process.
ISO 9000 and 14000 SSA is approved for and maintains ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certification.
Page: 1 of 1
INSPECTION CERTIFICATE EN 10204 - 3.1Customer Supplier Cert.no.
Stavanger Steel ASStålverksvegen 51NO - 4100 JørpelandNORWAY
C143/17
Date:
31.03.2017
PO No: BSA-2017-0005 Supplier order no: 60016.4000Specification: Supplier work-order no: 1700019Marking: S20017 T14605 0019 Certified goods: Ø330,2 mm bars
rough machined condition
Grade:ASTM A182 F55,ASTM A276/A479 UNS S32760, EN10088.3 1.4501NACE MR0175-2000
Notes:
We hereby declare that the product supplied are in compliance with the order in which test results are supplied.
Manufacturer's authorized representative: 3.party representative:
Stavanger Steel AS, Stålverksvegen 51, NO-4100 JØRPELAND, NORWAY, Org. NO 917 466 564 MVA, Tel: +47 51 74 34 00, www.stavangersteel.no
CERTIFIED GOODSTest No.
No Weight(kg)
Dimension Heat Treatment Process Forgingratio
Charge No.
T14605 1 4534 13"Solution annealed 1130°C, 5hrs ;
WaterCooling temp. 4 -8°C
EAF+AOD, ingot casting and forging 4,63 : 1 S20017
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION SSA grade: 27C0 S4501 C Si Mn S P Cr Ni W V Mo Cu Al N Co PRE
0,019 0,27 0,54 0,001 0,027 24,98 7,27 0,60 0,05 3,55 0,55 0,010 0,237 0,07 40,48
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Tensile test, ASTM A370Test no Sample Id Pos Direction Dim. [mm] Temp
° CRp0.2[MPa]
Rp1.0[MPa]
Tensile strengthRm [MPa]
ElongationA4 %
Red. [Z] %
HardnessHB
14605 TL-5 T/6,max 50mm ss
Lo 12,5 23 569 - 758 39 76 241
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Impact test ISO 148Test no Sample Id Pos Direction Dim. [mm] Temp
° CJ %
ShearLat. exp
J %Shear
Lat. exp
J %Shear
Lat. exp
Avg [J]
14605 IL-5B T/6,max 50mm ss
Lo - -60 71 - 0,74 75 - 0,79 63 - 0,69 70
14605 IL-5 T/6,max 50mm ss
Lo - -46 110 - 1,12 95 - 1,05 111 - 1,1 105
MICROSTRUCTURE EXAMINATIONRef. report: MICRO-7933 - 01
CORROSION TESTRef. report: CORR-1386 - 01
NDTRef. report: Smi-9809-01
HEAT TREATMENTRef. report: LOT-12304-01
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Test location from a prolongation of the bar after heat treatment.
PT and UT carried out . Report attached.Corrosion testing carried out .Report attached.Microstructure examination carried out .Report attached.
Tested with Geiger-counter and are found to be free from radioactive contamination.
Page: 1 of 1
INSPECTION CERTIFICATE EN 10204 - 3.1Customer Supplier Cert.no.
Stavanger Steel ASStålverksvegen 51NO - 4100 JørpelandNORWAY
C143/17
Date:
31.03.2017
PO No: BSA-2017-0005 Supplier order no: 60016.4000Specification: Supplier work-order no: 1700019Marking: S20017 T14605 0019 Certified goods: Ø330,2 mm bars
rough machined condition
Grade:ASTM A182 F55,ASTM A276/A479 UNS S32760, EN10088.3 1.4501NACE MR0175-2000
Notes:
We hereby declare that the product supplied are in compliance with the order in which test results are supplied.
Manufacturer's authorized representative: 3.party representative:
Stavanger Steel AS, Stålverksvegen 51, NO-4100 JØRPELAND, NORWAY, Org. NO 917 466 564 MVA, Tel: +47 51 74 34 00, www.stavangersteel.no
CERTIFIED GOODSTest No.
No Weight(kg)
Dimension Heat Treatment Process Forgingratio
Charge No.
T14605 1 4534 13"Solution annealed 1130°C, 5hrs ;
WaterCooling temp. 4 -8°C
EAF+AOD, ingot casting and forging 4,63 : 1 S20017
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION SSA grade: 27C0 S4501 C Si Mn S P Cr Ni W V Mo Cu Al N Co PRE
0,019 0,27 0,54 0,001 0,027 24,98 7,27 0,60 0,05 3,55 0,55 0,010 0,237 0,07 40,48
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Tensile test, ASTM A370Test no Sample Id Pos Direction Dim. [mm] Temp
° CRp0.2[MPa]
Rp1.0[MPa]
Tensile strengthRm [MPa]
ElongationA4 %
Red. [Z] %
HardnessHB
14605 TL-5 T/6,max 50mm ss
Lo 12,5 23 569 - 758 39 76 241
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Impact test ISO 148Test no Sample Id Pos Direction Dim. [mm] Temp
° CJ %
ShearLat. exp
J %Shear
Lat. exp
J %Shear
Lat. exp
Avg [J]
14605 IL-5B T/6,max 50mm ss
Lo - -60 71 - 0,74 75 - 0,79 63 - 0,69 70
14605 IL-5 T/6,max 50mm ss
Lo - -46 110 - 1,12 95 - 1,05 111 - 1,1 105
MICROSTRUCTURE EXAMINATIONRef. report: MICRO-7933 - 01
CORROSION TESTRef. report: CORR-1386 - 01
NDTRef. report: Smi-9809-01
HEAT TREATMENTRef. report: LOT-12304-01
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Test location from a prolongation of the bar after heat treatment.
PT and UT carried out . Report attached.Corrosion testing carried out .Report attached.Microstructure examination carried out .Report attached.
Tested with Geiger-counter and are found to be free from radioactive contamination.
36 37
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40
0,65
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03
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600
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AN
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03
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per
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00
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01
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843
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per
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03
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20
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01
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62
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70
0,80
22
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00
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0,
03
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2 SA
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4410
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90 5
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3404
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56
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03
0,50
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40
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00
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0,
00
0,03
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=0.2
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e=0.
020
845
0 S2
53M
A 1.
4893
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67
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15
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09
1,70
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45
21,0
0 11
,00
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01
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=0.1
7
854
0 SN
W20
9 -
- -
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25
1,00
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80
20,0
0 9,
00
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01
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=2.3
0
38 39
SSA
Cas
t ste
el g
rade
s –
Mec
hani
cal p
rope
rtie
s*
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no.
SS
A N
ame
Wnr
. St
ruct
ure
Con
ditio
n Yi
eld
Te
nsile
El
onga
tion
Red
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rea
Har
dnes
s Im
pact
Stre
ngth
St
reng
th
A
Z B
rinel
l C
harp
y-V
Rp0
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Pa)
Rm
(MPa
) %
%
H
B
[Jou
le]
Min
.
Min
. M
in.
Min
.
Min
.
60
06
SE2
1.06
19
Ferri
te /
Perli
te
Nor
mal
ized
24
0 45
0 20
-
120-
170
30
60
07
SE2M
1.
0552
Fe
rrite
/ Pe
rlite
N
orm
aliz
ed
290
490
18
- 14
0-18
0 27
(-20
°C)
61
25
SCM
25
1.72
18
Mar
tens
ite
Que
nche
d an
d te
mpe
red
415
620
12
- 19
0-24
0 -
61
70
S617
0 1.
6760
M
arte
nsite
Q
uenc
hed
and
tem
pere
d 70
0 90
0 14
-
280-
310
42 (0
°C)
62
31
S623
1 -
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te /
Perli
te
Nor
mal
ized
and
tem
pere
d 31
0 45
0 20
50
-
36 (-
40 °C
)
62
41
S624
1 -
Mar
tens
ite
Que
nche
d an
d te
mpe
red
420
540
20
40
- 42
(-40
°C)
62
46
S624
6 -
Mar
tens
ite
Que
nche
d an
d te
mpe
red
460
560
18
40
- 42
(-40
°C)
62
58
S625
8 -
Mar
tens
ite
Que
nche
d an
d te
mpe
red
580
860
12
35
- 50
(-20
°C)
65
15
SCM
315
0.96
35
Mar
tens
ite/ A
uste
nite
H
arde
ned
and
tem
pere
d -
- -
- 60
HR
c
-
69
01
MAN
GAN
1.
3401
Au
sten
ite
Solu
tion
anne
aled
40
0 70
0 12
-
Min
. 250
-
69
10
Mn1
8 -
Aust
enite
So
lutio
n an
neal
ed
400
700
12
- M
in. 2
50
-
69
20
STR
ØM
HAR
D
- Au
sten
ite
Solu
tion
anne
aled
50
0 75
0 12
-
Min
. 250
-
69
30
STR
ØM
HAR
D S
P -
Aust
enite
So
lutio
n an
neal
ed
500
750
12
- M
in. 2
75
-
80
50
S124
M
1.43
17
Mar
tens
ite
Har
dene
d an
d te
mpe
red
550
760
15
45
- 42
(RT)
80
52
S134
M
1.43
13
Mar
tens
ite
Har
dene
d an
d te
mpe
red
550
750
19
45
- 30
(-10
°C)
80
60
S165
M
1.44
05
Mar
tens
ite/ F
errit
e H
arde
ned
and
tem
pere
d 62
0 83
0-10
30
15
45
- 42
(-20
°C)
81
15
S178
supe
r 1.
4306
Au
sten
ite
Solu
tion
anne
aled
18
0 44
0-64
0 35
-
130-
180
-
84
35
SN12
8MIII
supe
r 1.
4435
Au
sten
ite
Solu
tion
anne
aled
20
0 46
0-64
0 35
-
130-
180
-
84
90
S849
0 1.
4462
D
uple
x So
lutio
n an
neal
ed
415
600-
800
18
- M
ax. 2
71
45 (-
46 °C
)
84
92
SAF2
507
1.44
10
Dup
lex
Solu
tion
anne
aled
47
0 70
0 25
-
Max
. 270
45
(-46
°C)
84
50
S253
MA
1.48
93
Aust
enite
So
lutio
n an
neal
ed
280
550
30
- M
ax. 2
10
-
85
40
SNW
209
- Au
sten
ite
Solu
tion
anne
aled
35
0 70
0-85
0 26
-
190-
240
-
*) O
n re
quire
men
ts o
utsi
de th
e va
lues
abo
ve, p
leas
e co
ntac
t SSA
.
SSA
Forg
ed s
teel
gra
des
– C
hem
ical
com
posi
tion
SSA
no
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A
Nam
eEN
/W. n
rN
umbe
rEN Nam
e
F.nr
.–
UN
S– AIS
IN
orso
kM
-603
MD
S
CSi
Mn
S max
P max
Cr
Ni
Mo
Oth
erel
emen
ts
21D
0S1
24M
1.43
13X3
CrN
iMo1
3-4
F6N
MS4
1500
/S4
2400
--
< 0,
050
0,40
0,60
0,01
50,
035
13,0
4,00
0,60
-
21F0
S165
M1.
4418
X4C
rNiM
o16-
5-1
--
--
0,04
00,
400,
600,
015
0,03
516
,05,
001,
00N
21H
0S1
74PH
1.45
42X5
CrN
iCuN
b16-
4-
S174
0063
0-
0,05
00,
300,
500,
015
0,03
517
,04,
00-
Cu,
Nb,
N
23B0
S178
Ti1.
4541
X6C
rNiT
i18-
10F3
21S3
2100
321
-<
0,08
00,
501,
500,
030
0,04
518
,010
,50
-Ti
23C
0S3
04L
1.43
06X2
CrN
i19-
11F3
04L
S304
0330
4L-
< 0,
030
0,40
1,50
0,03
00,
045
19,0
10,0
0-
-
23M
0SN
128M
IITi
1.45
71X6
CrN
iMoT
i17-
12-2
F316
TiS3
1635
316T
i-
< 0,
080
0,50
1,50
0,03
00,
045
17,0
12,0
02,
30Ti
23K1
SN12
8MII-
Isup
er1.
4435
X2C
rNiM
o18-
14-3
F316
LS3
1603
316L
-<
0,03
00,
501,
500,
030
0,04
517
,513
,00
2,70
-
23G
0S3
16L
1.44
04X2
CrN
iMo1
7-12
-2F3
16L
S316
0331
6L-
< 0,
030
0,40
1,50
0,03
00,
045
17,0
12,0
02,
20-
23P0
S243
91.
4429
X2C
rNiM
oN17
-13-
3F3
16LN
S316
5331
6LN
-<
0,03
00,
501,
500,
030
0,04
517
,012
,50
2,70
N
23B1
S321
H1.
4541
X6C
rNiT
i18-
10F3
21H
S321
0932
1H-
<0,0
800,
501,
500,
030
0,04
518
,010
,00
-Ti
23F0
S347
H1.
4550
X6C
rNiN
b18-
10F3
47H
S347
0934
7H-
<0,0
800,
501,
500,
030
0,04
018
,010
,00
Nb
23J0
S317
L1.
4438
X2C
rNiM
o18-
15-4
F317
LS3
1703
317L
-<0
,030
0,50
1,50
0,03
00,
040
19,0
13,0
03,
50
24C
0XM
-19
--
FXM
-19
S209
10XM
-19
-<0
,060
0,50
5,00
0,03
00,
040
22,0
12,0
02,
50V,
Nb,
N
26A0
SS28
6M1.
4460
X3C
rNiM
oN27
-5-2
F52
S329
0032
9-
< 0,
050
0,50
1,00
0,03
00,
035
26,0
5,00
1,50
N
24B0
S456
51.
4565
X2C
rNiM
nMoN
-bN
25-1
8-5-
4F4
9S3
4565
--
< 0,
030
0,60
5,50
0,03
00,
045
24,0
17,0
04,
20N
26C
0S8
490
1.44
62X2
CrN
iMoN
22-5
-3F5
1/F6
0S3
1803
/S3
2205
-D
47<
0,03
00,
501,
000,
015
0,03
022
,55,
503,
20N
27B0
SAF2
507
1.44
10X2
CrN
iMoN
25-7
-4F5
3S3
2750
-D
57<
0,03
00,
500,
500,
015
0,03
025
,07,
004,
00N
27C
0S4
501
1.45
01X2
CrN
iMoC
u-W
n25-
7-4
F55
S327
60-
D57
< 0,
030
0,50
0,50
0,01
00,
030
25,0
7,00
3,50
W, C
u, N
25A0
S849
41.
4539
X1N
iCrM
oCu2
5-20
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04L
N08
904
904L
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0,02
00,
500,
500,
010
0,03
020
,025
,04,
50C
u, N
25B0
S254
SMO
1.45
47X1
CrN
iMoC
uN20
-18-
7F4
4S3
1254
-R
17<
0,02
00,
500,
500,
010
0,03
020
,018
,00
6,20
Cu,
N
25D
0S4
563
1.45
63X1
NiC
rMoC
u31-
27-4
-N
0802
8-
-<
0,02
00,
702,
000,
010
0,03
027
,031
,00
3,50
Cu
23V0
S253
MA
1.48
35X9
CrN
iSiN
Ce2
1-11
-2-
S308
15-
-<
0,10
01,
700,
500,
015
0,04
521
,011
,00
-N
, Ce
23W
0SN
W 2
09-
--
--
-0,
251,
001,
300,
030
0,04
520
,09,
00-
2,3W
41A0
Allo
y 82
52.
4858
CrN
iMo2
1-42
-3-
N08
825
--
< 0,
030,
250,
500,
030
0,03
021
,040
,03,
00C
u, T
i
41C
0Al
loy
800H
T1.
4959
--
N08
811
800H
T-
< 0,
100,
250,
500,
030
0,03
022
,032
,0-
AL, T
i
42 43
SSA
Forg
ed s
teel
gra
des
– M
echa
nica
l pro
pert
ies*
SSA
no.
SS
A N
ame
Wnr
. St
ruct
ure
Con
ditio
n Yi
eld
Te
nsile
El
onga
tion
Red
. of a
rea
Har
dnes
s Im
pact
Stre
ngth
St
reng
th
A
Z B
rinel
l C
harp
y-V
R
p0.2
(MPa
) R
m (M
Pa)
%
%
HB
[J
oule
]
Min
.
Min
. M
in.
Min
.
Min
.
21
D0
S124
M
1.43
13
Mar
tens
ite
Har
dene
d &
tem
pere
d 62
0 79
0 15
45
24
0-30
0 90
(+20
°C)
21
F0
S165
M
1.44
18
Mar
tens
ite
Har
dene
d &
tem
pere
d 70
0 90
0-11
00
14
45
260-
340
60 (+
20 °C
)
21
H0
S174
PH
1.45
42
Mar
tens
ite
Prec
ipita
tion
hard
ened
72
5 93
0 16
50
31
1 41
(+20
°C)
23
B0
S178
Ti
1.45
41
Aust
enite
So
lutio
n an
neal
ed
205
500-
730
35
50
130-
190
-
23
C0
S304
L 1.
4306
Au
sten
ite
Solu
tion
anne
aled
20
5 51
5 40
50
m
ax 2
00
-
23
M0
SN12
8MIIT
i 1.
4571
Au
sten
ite
Solu
tion
anne
aled
21
5 50
0-73
0 35
60
13
0-19
0 -
23
K1
SN12
8MIII
supe
r 1.
4435
Au
sten
ite
Solu
tion
anne
aled
20
5 49
0-69
0 45
60
m
ax 2
00
-
23
G0
S316
L 1.
4404
Au
sten
ite
Solu
tion
anne
aled
20
5 51
5 40
50
m
ax 2
00
-
23
B1
S321
H
1.45
41
Aust
enite
So
lutio
n an
neal
ed
205
515
30
40
- -
23
F0
S347
H
1.45
50
Aust
enite
So
lutio
n an
neal
ed
205
515
30
40
- -
23
J0
S317
L 1.
4438
Au
sten
ite
Solu
tion
anne
aled
21
5 50
0 30
40
-
-
24
C0
XM-1
9 -
Aust
enite
So
lutio
n an
neal
ed
380
690
35
55
max
293
-
23
P0
S243
9 1.
4429
Au
sten
ite
Solu
tion
anne
aled
29
5 59
0-78
0 40
60
m
ax 2
20
-
26
A0
SS28
6M
1.44
60
Aust
enite
-ferri
te
Solu
tion
anne
aled
45
0 60
0-80
0 20
40
m
ax 2
60
35 (+
20 °C
)
24
B0
S456
5 1.
4565
Au
sten
ite
Solu
tion
anne
aled
41
5 79
5 35
40
m
ax 2
40
26
C0
S849
0 1.
4462
Au
sten
ite-fe
rrite
So
lutio
n an
neal
ed
450
660-
860
25
45
max
270
45
(-46
°C)
27
B0
SAF2
507
1.44
10
Aust
enite
-ferri
te
Solu
tion
anne
aled
55
0 75
0 25
45
m
ax 3
00
45 (-
46 °C
)
27
C0
S450
1 1.
4501
Au
sten
ite-fe
rrite
So
lutio
n an
neal
ed
550
750-
895
25
45
max
320
45
(-46
°C)
25
A0
S849
4 1.
4539
Au
sten
ite
Solu
tion
anne
aled
23
0 53
0-73
0 35
50
m
ax 2
20
-
25
B0
S254
SMO
1.
4547
Au
sten
ite
Solu
tion
anne
aled
30
0 65
0 35
50
m
ax 2
20
-
25
D0
S456
3 1.
4563
Au
sten
ite
Solu
tion
anne
aled
22
0 55
0-75
0 40
-
max
180
-
25
D0
S456
3 1.
4563
Au
sten
ite
Col
d w
orke
d 76
0-89
5 79
5 11
-
max
315
-
23
V0
S253
MA
1.48
35
Aust
enite
So
lutio
n an
neal
ed
310
650
40
60
max
210
-
23
W0
SNW
209
-
Aust
enite
So
lutio
n an
neal
ed
350
700-
850
26
- 19
0-24
0 -
41
A0
Allo
y 82
5 2.
4858
Au
sten
ite
Solu
tion
anne
aled
32
5 69
0 45
-
- -
41
C0
Allo
y 80
0HT
1.49
59
Aust
enite
So
lutio
n an
neal
ed
205
515
30
50
- -
*) O
n re
quire
men
ts o
utsi
de th
e va
lues
abo
ve, p
leas
e co
ntac
t SSA
.
44 45
Exp
ress
ions
Ex
plan
atio
n N
orw
egia
n Fo
rkla
ring
Yie
ld s
treng
th
Min
. stre
ss c
ausi
ng
Flyt
egre
nse
Min
ste
bela
stni
ng a
v pr
øves
tav
før
(YS
, Re)
pe
rman
ent d
efor
mat
ion
stav
en fl
yter
(var
ig d
efor
mas
jon)
.
(R
p0,2
) Yi
eld
stre
ngth
at 0
,2%
def
orm
atio
n
Flyt
egre
nse
med
0,2
% d
efor
mas
jon
Ten
sile
stre
ngth
U
ltim
ate
stre
ss b
efor
e fra
ctur
e St
rekk
fast
het
Mak
s. b
elas
tnin
g st
ålet
tåle
r før
bru
dd
(TS
, Rm
)
Red
uctio
n of
are
a C
ross
-sec
tion
mea
sure
d at
the
cons
truct
ion,
In
nsnø
ring
Tver
rsni
ttsar
eal p
å in
nsnø
rings
sted
et
in %
of t
est b
odie
s in
itial
cro
ss-s
ectio
n
i % a
v st
aven
s op
prin
nelig
e tv
errs
nitts
area
l
MPa
, N/m
m²,
ksi
Uni
ts fo
r ten
sile
pro
perti
es:
MPa
, N/m
m²,
ksi
En
hete
r for
stre
kkpr
øvin
g:
Meg
a Pa
scal
Meg
a Pa
scal
New
ton
per s
quar
e m
illim
etre
New
ton
per k
vadr
atm
illim
eter
Kilo
pou
nd p
er s
quar
e in
ch
Ki
lopu
nd p
er k
vadr
atto
mm
e
Ten
sile
test
ing
cont
inue
d:
Elo
ngat
ion
Elon
gatio
n in
% o
f gau
ge le
ngth
, Br
udd-
Fo
rleng
else
n om
regn
et i
% a
v
(E,
A)
afte
r fra
ctur
eafte
r fra
ctur
e fo
rleng
else
st
aven
s m
ålel
engd
e, e
tter b
rudd
Duc
tility
W
orka
bilit
y lik
e be
ndab
ility
D
uktil
itet
Form
barh
et
Y/T
ratio
Yi
eld
stre
ngth
/ te
nsile
stre
ngth
ratio
Y/
T fo
rhol
d Fl
yteg
rens
en d
ivid
ert m
ed s
trekk
fast
hete
n
Exp
ress
ions
Ex
plan
atio
n N
orw
egia
n Fo
rkla
ring
Lon
gitu
dina
l Te
st s
peci
men
orie
nted
alo
ng th
e gr
eate
st
Lang
sgåe
nde
Prøv
esty
kket
s le
ngde
er p
aral
lell
med
dire
ctio
n ex
tens
ion
of th
e st
eel d
urin
g fo
rgin
g/ro
lling
re
tnin
g le
ngde
utvi
dels
en v
ed s
miin
g/va
lsin
g
Tra
nsve
rse
Te
st s
peci
men
orie
nted
nor
mal
to th
e gr
eate
st
Tver
sret
ning
Pr
øves
tykk
ets
leng
de e
r vin
kelre
tt på
dire
ctio
n ex
tens
ion
of th
e st
eel d
urin
g fo
rgin
g/ro
lling
le
ngde
utvi
dels
en v
ed s
miin
g/va
lsin
g
Mec
hani
cal p
rope
rtie
s –
Test
spe
cim
en
Term
s an
d de
finiti
ons
Mec
hani
cal p
rope
rtie
s –
Tens
ile te
stin
g
46 47
Mec
hani
cal p
rope
rtie
s –
Impa
ct te
stin
g (T
erm
s an
d de
finiti
ons
cont
inue
d)
Ex
pres
sion
s Ex
plan
atio
n N
orw
egia
n Fo
rkla
ring
C
harp
y-V
Test
spe
cim
en (n
orm
ally
10x
10x5
5mm
)
Cha
rpy-
V Pr
øves
tav
(nor
mal
t 10x
10x5
5mm
)
(K
V)
havi
ng a
2m
m d
eep
V-sh
aped
not
ch
m
ed e
t 2m
m d
ypt V
-skå
r
N
otch
V
shap
ed c
ut m
illed
in th
e m
iddl
e
Skår
V
form
et s
kår f
rest
ut p
å m
idte
n av
(C
harp
y-V)
of
test
spe
cim
en, s
peci
fied
botto
m ra
dii
prøv
esta
ven,
spe
s. b
unnr
adiu
s
Im
pact
val
ue
Uni
t for
ene
rgy.
Mea
sure
s
Slag
seig
het
Enhe
t for
ene
rgi.
Mål
er e
nerg
ien
som
Jo
ule
(J),
ft·lb
th
e en
ergy
to b
reak
the
test
spe
cim
en
Joul
e (J
), ft·
lb
skal
til f
or å
slå
av
prøv
esta
v
Te
mpe
ratu
re
Te
mpe
ratu
re o
f tes
t spe
cim
en. I
mpa
ct
Tem
pera
tur
Pr
øves
tave
ns te
mpe
ratu
r.
valu
e al
way
s re
fers
to te
mpe
ratu
re
Sl
agse
ighe
ten
refe
rere
r til
tem
p.
To
ughn
ess
Ab
ility
to re
sist
sho
ck lo
ad
Seig
het
Stål
ets
evne
til å
mot
stå
slag
bela
stni
ng
Exp
ress
ions
Ex
plan
atio
n N
orw
egia
n Fo
rkla
ring
Brin
ell (
HB)
C
arbi
de s
teel
bal
l is
forc
ed in
to th
e st
eel s
urfa
ce. D
iffer
ent
Brin
ell
En h
ardm
etal
lkul
e try
kkes
inn
i stå
let.
Fors
kjel
lige
size
d ba
ll an
d lo
ad. D
iam
eter
of i
nden
tatio
n is
mea
sure
d ha
rdhe
t ku
lest
ørre
lser
med
tilh
øren
de b
elas
tnin
g. D
iam
eter
en
and
acco
mpa
nyin
g ha
rdne
ss v
alue
look
ed u
p in
a ta
ble
på
kul
ehul
let m
åles
, og
tilhø
rend
e ha
rdhe
t via
tabe
ll
Vic
kers
Py
ram
id s
hape
d di
amon
d fo
rced
into
the
stee
l sur
face
.
Vick
ers
Pyra
mid
efor
met
dia
man
t try
kkes
inn
i st
ålov
erfla
ten.
(H
V)
Diff
eren
t loa
ds d
epen
ding
of m
ater
ial t
hick
ness
or s
ize
of
hard
het
Bela
stni
ngs-
stør
rels
e av
heng
ig a
v m
ater
ial-t
ykke
lse
og
inde
ntat
ion.
Ave
rage
dia
gona
ls m
easu
rem
ent,
findi
ng
øn
sket
innt
rykk
-stø
rrels
e. In
ntry
kket
s di
agon
aler
mål
es,
acco
mpa
nyin
g ha
rdne
ss v
alue
from
a c
onve
rsio
n ta
ble
gjen
nom
snitt
et b
ereg
nes,
og
hard
hete
n fin
nes
i tab
ell
Roc
kwel
l Va
riant
s of
load
and
inde
ntat
ion
bodi
es (b
all o
r con
ical
R
ockw
ell
Vara
nter
i be
last
ning
og
innt
rykk
s le
gem
er (k
ule
elle
r
(H
R)
form
). Eg
. HR
B is
bal
l, an
d H
RC
is c
onic
al
ha
rdhe
t ko
nisk
form
). F.
eks.
HR
B er
kul
e, o
g H
RC
kje
gle
Pol
di
Har
dnes
s m
easu
red
by m
anua
l pow
er
Pold
i- H
ardh
et m
åles
med
man
uelt
slag
med
ham
mer
(h
amm
er, b
all a
nd re
fere
nce
mat
eria
l) ha
mm
er
ham
mer
, kul
e og
refe
rans
emat
eria
le
Equ
otip
In
stru
men
t tha
t mea
sure
s ha
rdne
ss b
y im
puls
e re
gist
ratio
n Eq
uotip
In
stru
men
tet m
åler
har
dhet
som
funk
sjon
av im
pulsm
ålin
ger
Mec
hani
cal p
rope
rtie
s –
Har
dnes
s
48 49
Hea
t tre
atm
ent (
Term
s an
d de
finiti
ons
cont
inue
d)
Ex
pres
sion
s Ex
plan
atio
n N
orw
egia
n Fo
rkla
ring
N
orm
aliz
ing
Hea
ting
the
stee
l to
aust
eniti
c te
mpe
ratu
re,
N
orm
alis
erin
g St
ålet
var
mes
opp
til a
uste
nitt-
tem
pera
tur
(abo
ut 9
00 ⁰C
) and
coo
ling
in a
ir
(ca.
900
⁰C) o
g lu
ftavk
jølin
g
Au
sten
itisi
ng
Hea
ting
the
stee
l to
appr
ox. 9
00 ⁰C
Au
sten
itise
ring
Stål
et v
arm
es o
pp ti
l ca.
900
⁰C
to p
repa
re fo
r que
nchi
ng
fo
r å g
jøre
s kl
ar ti
l brå
kjøl
ing
Q
uenc
hing
H
arde
ning
the
stee
l by
quen
chin
g
Bråk
jølin
g St
ålet
avk
jøle
s ra
skt (
i van
n/ol
je)
from
abo
ut 9
00 ⁰C
in w
ater
or o
il
fra o
mkr
ing
900
⁰C
Te
mpe
ring
Af
ter q
uenc
hing
, hea
ting
to 5
00 -
700
⁰C.
Anlø
ping
Ette
r her
ding
var
mes
stå
let t
il
Incr
easi
ng to
ughn
ess
and
500-
700
⁰C. S
tyrk
en m
inke
r og
decr
easi
ng s
treng
th a
s te
mp.
rise
s
se
ighe
ten
øker
når
tem
p. ø
ker
Q
T Q
uenc
hed
and
tem
pere
d Se
ighe
rdet
H
erde
t og
anlø
pt
An
neal
ing
To s
ofte
n th
e st
eel b
efor
e
Glø
ding
For å
gjø
re s
tåle
t let
tere
op
erat
ions
m
achi
ning
ope
ratio
ns
å
mas
kine
re
So
lutio
ns
Pe
rform
ed fo
r non
-har
dena
ble
stee
l
Opp
løsn
ings
-
Utfø
res
på ik
ke-h
erdb
are
stål
for
an
neal
ing
to d
isso
lve
parti
cles
det
rimen
tal f
or
gl
ødin
g å
løse
opp
utfe
llinge
r ska
delig
e
corro
sion
resi
stan
ce a
nd to
ughn
ess
for k
orro
sjon
sbes
tand
ighe
ten
og s
eigh
eten
til s
tåle
t
Ag
ing
Also
kno
wn
as p
reci
pita
tion
hard
enin
g.
Eldi
ng
Ogs
å kj
ent s
om u
tfellin
gshe
rdin
g.
Incr
ease
s yi
eld
stre
ngth
by
form
ing
Ø
ker f
asth
eten
ved
å d
anne
find
ispe
rse
fine
disp
erse
d pr
ecip
itate
s in
the
mat
erix
utfe
llinge
r i s
trukt
uren
. I fo
rkan
t av
eldi
ng
of th
e al
loy.
Prio
r to
agin
g, a
sol
utio
n
ut
føre
s en
opp
løsn
ings
glød
ing
anne
alin
g m
ust b
e pe
rform
ed
St
ress
relie
ving
Perfo
rmed
afte
r wel
ding
(PW
HT
=
Spen
ning
s-
U
tført
ette
r sve
isin
g fo
r å ta
ut
(P
WH
T)
post
wel
d he
at tr
eatm
ent),
to re
duce
glød
ing
spen
ning
er, r
edus
ere
hard
het o
g
stre
ss, h
ardn
ess
and
hydr
ogen
in
hydr
ogen
i va
rmep
åvirk
et s
one
HAZ
(hea
t affe
cted
zon
e)
50 51
Wel
ding
(Ter
ms
and
defin
ition
s co
ntin
ued)
Ex
pres
sion
s Ex
plan
atio
n N
orw
egia
n Fo
rkla
ring
Pr
ehea
ting
The
tem
pera
ture
of t
he s
teel
loca
lly
Forv
arm
ing
Tem
pera
ture
n i s
tåle
t på
det s
ted
whe
re w
eldi
ng is
sta
rted
der s
veis
inge
n st
arte
r
In
terp
ass
Th
e te
mpe
ratu
re o
f the
ste
el lo
cally
M
ello
mst
reng
s Te
mep
erat
uren
i st
ålet
hvo
r nes
te
te
mpe
ratu
re
whe
re th
e ne
xt w
eld
pass
is s
tarte
d
tem
pera
tur
svei
sest
reng
ska
l leg
ges
St
ress
relie
ving
Perfo
rmed
afte
r wel
ding
(PW
HT
= po
st w
eld
Spen
ning
s-
U
tført
ette
r sve
isin
g fo
r å ta
ut
(P
WH
T)
heat
trea
tmen
t), to
redu
ce s
tress
, har
dnes
s
glød
ing
spen
ning
er, r
edus
ere
hard
het o
g
and
hydr
ogen
in H
AZ (h
eat a
ffect
ed z
one)
hydr
ogen
i va
rmep
åvirk
et s
one
11
1 M
anua
l Met
al A
rc
Dek
kede
El
ektro
der m
ed m
etal
lkje
rne
(M
MA/
SMAW
) Sh
ield
ed M
etal
Arc
Wel
ding
el
ektro
der
dekk
et m
ed fl
uxpu
lver
12
1
Su
bmer
ged
Arc
Wel
ding
Pu
lver
dekk
et
Kom
pakt
sve
iset
råd,
sve
isin
g
(S
AW)
bu
esve
isin
g un
der e
t dek
ke a
v flu
xpul
ver
13
5
Met
al A
ctiv
e G
as
M
AG-s
veis
ing
Ak
tiv g
ass
(CO
2 elle
r CO
2/Ar)
(M
AG/G
MAW
) G
as M
etal
Arc
Wel
ding
bu
esve
isin
g m
ed k
ompa
kt tr
åd
13
6
Fl
ux C
ored
Arc
Wel
ding
(B, R
)
Rør
tråds
veis
ing
Svei
sing
med
rørtr
åd fy
lt m
ed
(F
CAW
) or
met
al p
owde
r (M
)
met
allp
ulve
r (M
) elle
r flux
(B,R
)
14
1 Tu
ngst
en In
ert G
as
TIG
-sve
isin
g Sv
eisi
ng m
ed w
olfra
mel
ektro
de
(T
IG/G
TAW
) G
as T
ungs
ten
Arc
Wel
ding
og k
ompa
kt ti
lset
tråd
H
eat i
nput
(Q)
Wel
ding
cur
rent
x v
olta
ge d
ivid
ed
Va
rmet
ilfør
sel
Svei
sest
røm
x s
penn
ing
divi
dert
on w
eldi
ng s
peed
(mm
/sec
) (Q
) på
sve
iseh
astin
ghet
(mm
/sek
)
pW
PS
Prel
imin
ary
wel
ding
pro
cedu
re s
peci
ficat
ion.
Fo
rber
eden
de
Svei
sein
geni
øren
i sa
mar
beid
med
sve
iser
“Rec
ipe”
bef
ore
wel
ding
WPQ
R te
st
svei
sepr
osed
yre
utfo
rmer
en
pros
edyr
e fo
r å la
ge W
PQR
W
PQR
W
eldi
ng p
roce
dure
qua
lifica
tion
reco
rd. W
eld
log
and
God
kjen
t sve
ise-
In
neho
lder
sve
isel
ogg
og t
estre
sulta
ter,
test
resu
lts, e
vent
ually
app
rove
d by
3rd
par
ty
pr
osed
yret
est
even
t. 3.
-par
ts g
odkj
enin
g
W
PS
Wel
ding
pro
cedu
re s
peci
ficat
ion.
Sv
eise
- Be
skriv
er u
tføre
lse
av s
veis
ing
på
“Rec
ipe”
for c
onst
ruct
ion
or re
pair
wel
ding
pros
edyr
e-
best
emte
pro
dukt
er
52 53
Stan
dard
sSt
anda
rds
rela
ted
to m
ater
ials
, tes
ting
and
insp
ectio
n
St
anda
rd n
o.
Title
/ Sc
ope
Nor
sk te
kst
EN
102
04
Insp
ectio
n C
ertifi
cate
(mat
eria
l cer
tifica
te)
Mat
eria
lser
tifika
t
3.1:
App
rove
d by
Man
uf. Q
C d
ep.
3.1:
God
kjen
t av
prod
usen
t
3.2:
App
rove
d by
QC
dep
and
3rd
par
ty
3.2:
Pro
duse
nt o
g tre
djep
art
IS
O 9
712
(EN
473
) Q
ualifi
catio
n an
d ce
rtific
atio
n of
per
sonn
el fo
r ND
T G
odkj
enni
ng a
v N
DT-
oper
atør
er
N
orso
k M
-001
M
ater
ials
sel
ectio
n M
ater
ialv
alg
N
orso
k M
-120
M
ater
ial d
ata
shee
ts fo
r stru
ctur
al s
teel
M
ater
iald
atab
lad
stru
ktur
N
orso
k M
-121
Fo
rged
ste
el
Smid
d st
ål
N
orso
k M
-122
C
ast s
truct
ural
ste
el
Støp
estå
l
N
orso
k M
-630
M
ater
ial d
ata
shee
ts fo
r pip
ing
Mat
eria
ldat
abla
d fo
r pro
sess
rør
N
orso
k M
-650
Q
ualifi
catio
n of
man
ufac
ture
rs o
f spe
cial
mat
eria
ls
God
kjen
ning
av
prod
usen
ter a
v
(all
grad
es o
f dup
lex,
aus
teni
tic g
rade
s PR
E >
40,
spes
ielle
mat
eria
ler
cast
ings
of n
icke
l bas
e al
loys
and
tita
nium
/-allo
ys)
N
S 47
7 W
eldi
ng in
spec
tors
. Edu
catio
n, e
xam
inat
ion
and
task
s G
odkj
enni
ng a
v sv
eise
insp
ektø
rer
IS
O 1
4731
W
eldi
ng c
oord
inat
ion,
task
s an
d re
spon
sibi
litie
s Sv
eise
koor
dina
tor,
oppg
aver
og
ansv
ar
AS
TM G
48
Test
met
hod
for p
ittin
g an
d cr
evic
e co
rrosi
on
Korro
sjon
stes
t, gr
op- o
g sp
alte
korro
sjon
IS
O 3
651-
2 Te
st m
etho
d fo
r Iin
terg
ranu
lar c
orro
sion
Ko
rrosj
onst
est,
inte
rkry
stal
linsk
kor
rosj
on
AS
TM A
370
M
echa
nica
l tes
ting,
ste
el
Mek
anis
k pr
øvin
g av
stå
l
IS
O 1
48-1
Im
pact
test
ing
Sk
årsl
agsp
røvi
ng
IS
O 6
892-
1 Te
nsile
test
ing
at ro
omte
mpe
ratu
re
Stre
kkpr
øvin
g ve
d ro
mte
mpe
ratu
r
AS
TM E
112
Test
met
hod
for d
eter
min
ing
aver
age
grai
n si
ze
Met
ode
for b
este
mm
else
av
korn
stør
rels
e
AS
TM E
45
Test
met
hod
for d
eter
min
ing
the
incl
usio
n co
nten
t in
stee
l M
etod
e fo
r bes
tem
mel
se a
v sl
aggi
nnho
ld
54 55
Stan
dard
s re
late
d to
wel
ding
St
anda
rd n
o.
Title
/ Sc
ope
Nor
sk te
kst
IS
O 9
606-
1 (E
N 2
87-1
) St
eel w
elde
rs q
ualifi
catio
n te
st (c
ertifi
catio
n)
Serti
fiser
ing
av s
tåls
veis
ere
IS
O 1
5614
In
tern
atio
nal s
tand
ard
for a
ppro
ved
perfo
rmin
g In
tern
atio
nal s
tand
ard
for g
odkj
ent u
tføre
lse
og
and
test
ing
of w
elde
d co
nnec
tions
(WPQ
R)
test
ing
av s
veis
efor
bind
else
r sve
iste
forb
inde
lser
(WPQ
R)
IS
O 1
5609
W
eldi
ng P
roce
dure
Spe
cific
atio
n (W
PS)
Svei
sepr
osed
yres
pesi
fikas
jon
(WPS
)
IS
O 1
5608
In
tern
atio
nal s
tand
ard
for m
ater
ials
gro
upin
g In
tern
asjo
nal s
tand
ard
for m
ater
ialg
rupp
erin
g
IS
O 1
1970
In
tern
atio
nal s
tand
ard
for a
ppro
ved
In
tern
atio
nal s
tand
ard
for g
odkj
ent u
tføre
lse
og
perfo
rmin
g an
d te
stin
g of
wel
d re
pair
te
stin
g av
sve
iser
epar
asjo
ner v
ed
in c
ast s
teel
pro
duct
ion
(WPQ
R)
prod
uksj
on a
v st
øpes
tål (
WPQ
R)
EN
101
1-2
Cal
cula
tion
of p
rehe
at te
mp.
Be
regn
ing
av fo
rvar
min
gste
mpe
ratu
r
IS
O 1
4731
W
eldi
ng C
oord
inat
ion
Sv
eise
koor
dine
ring
IS
O 3
834
Wel
ding
Qua
lity
Req
uire
men
ts
Kval
itets
krav
ved
lysb
uesv
eisi
ng
AS
ME
IX
Qua
lifica
tion
stan
dard
for w
eldi
ng
God
kjen
ning
av
svei
sefo
rbin
dels
er o
g sv
eise
re
proc
edur
es a
nd w
elde
rs
AW
S D
1.1
Amer
ican
Wel
ding
Soc
iety,
Am
erik
ansk
sve
iset
ekni
sk fo
rbun
d,
Stru
ctur
al W
eldi
ng C
ode
svei
sest
anda
rd fo
r kon
stru
ksjo
ner
D
NV
OS
Det
Nor
ske
Verit
as, O
ffsho
re S
tand
ard
Det
Nor
ske
Verit
as, O
ffsho
re S
tand
ard
N
orso
k M
-101
St
ruct
ural
ste
el fa
bric
atio
n Fa
brik
asjo
n av
offs
hore
kon
stru
ksjo
ner
N
orso
k M
-601
W
eldi
ng a
nd in
spec
tion
of p
ipin
g Sv
eisi
ng o
g in
spek
sjon
av
rørs
yste
mer
AS
TM A
488
W
eldi
ng o
f ste
el c
astin
gs (f
abric
atio
n an
d re
pair)
Sv
eisin
g av
stø
pest
ål (k
onst
ruks
jons
svei
sing
og re
para
sjon)
EN
102
25
Wel
dabl
e st
ruct
ure
stee
ls fo
r fixe
d of
fsho
re s
truct
ures
Sv
eisb
are
kons
truks
jons
stål
for f
aste
kon
stru
ksjo
ner t
il hav
s
56 57
3,20 363 383 - 39,1 177 1220
3,25 352 372 - 37,9 172 1186
3,30 341 360 - 36,6 164 1131
3,35 331 350 - 35,5 159 1096
3,40 321 339 - 34,3 154 1062
3,45 311 328 - 33,1 149 1027
3,50 302 319 - 32,1 146 1007
3,55 293 309 - 30,9 142 979
3,60 285 301 - 29,9 138 952
3,65 277 292 - 28,8 134 924
3,70 269 284 - 27,6 131 903
3,75 262 276 - 26,6 127 876
3,80 255 269 - 25,4 123 848
3,85 248 261 - 24,2 120 827
3,90 241 253 100 22,8 116 800
3,95 235 247 99 21,7 114 786
4,00 229 241 98,2 20,5 111 765
4,05 223 234 97,3 - 107 738
4,10 217 228 96,4 - 105 724
4,15 212 222 95,5 - 102 703
4,20 207 218 94,6 - 100 690
4,25 201 212 93,7 - 98 676
4,30 197 207 92,8 - 95 655
Approximate equivalent hardness numbers and tensile strenghts for steel
2,25 745 840 - 65,3 - -
2,30 712 783 - 63,4 - -
2,35 682 737 - 61,7 - -
2,40 653 697 - 60 - -
2,45 627 667 - 58,7 347 2392
2,50 601 640 - 57,3 328 2261
2,55 578 615 - 56 313 2158
2,60 555 591 - 54,7 298 2055
2,65 534 569 - 53,5 288 1986
2,70 514 547 - 52,1 273 1882
- 539 - 51,6 269 1855
2,75 495 528 - 51 263 1818
- 516 - 50,3 257 1782
2,80 477 508 - 49,6 252 1737
- 495 - 48,8 244 1682
2,85 461 491 - 48,5 242 1669
- 474 - 47,2 231 1593
2,90 444 472 - 47,1 229 1579
2,95 429 455 - 45,7 220 1517
3,00 415 440 - 44,5 212 1462
3,05 401 425 - 43,1 202 1393
3,10 388 410 - 41,8 193 1331
3,15 375 396 - 40,4 184 1269
Diam. ball
indent.
mm
Diam. ball
indent.
mm
Brinell
3000 kg
10mm ball
Brinell
3000 kg
10mm ball
Vickers
hardness
HV
Vickers
hardness
HV
B. scale 100 kg
1/16.in diam.
B. scale 100 kg
1/16.in diam.
(approx.)
ksi MPa
(approx.)
ksi MPa
C. scale 150 kg
Brale Indenter.
C. scale 150 kg
Brale Indenter.
Tensile strength Tensile strengthRockwell Rockwell
58 59
4,35 192 202 91,9 - 93 641
4,40 187 196 90,9 - 90 621
4,45 183 192 90 - 89 614
4,50 179 188 89 - 87 600
4,55 174 182 88 - 85 586
4,60 170 178 87 - 83 572
4,65 167 175 86 - 81 559
4,70 163 171 85 - 79 545
4,75 159 167 83,9 - 78 538
4,80 156 163 82,9 - 76 524
4,85 152 159 81,9 - 75 517
4,90 149 156 80,8 - 73 503
4,95 146 153 79,7 - 72 496
5,00 143 150 78,6 - 71 490
5,10 137 143 76,4 - 67 462
5,20 131 137 74,2 - 65 448
5,30 126 132 72 - 63 434
5,40 121 127 69,8 - 60 414
5,50 116 122 67,6 - 58 400
5,60 111 117 65,4 - 56 386
Approximate equivalent hardness numbers and tensile strenghts for steel
Units In words Multiply by Example
10⁹ 1 000 000 000 Giga (G) Giga watt (GW)
10⁶ 1 000 000 Mega (M) Mega pascal (MPa)
10³ 1 000 Kilo (k) Kilo gram (kg)
10⁻³ 1/1 000 Milli (m) Milli gram (mg)
10⁻⁶ 1/1 000 000 Micro (µ) Micro meter (µm)
10⁻⁹ 1/1 000 000 000 Nano (n) Nano second (ns)
Prefix table
Diam. ball
indent.
mm
Brinell
3000 kg
10mm ball
Vickers
hardness
HV
B. scale 100 kg
1/16.in diam.
(approx.)
ksi MPa
C. scale 150 kg
Brale Indenter.
Tensile strengthRockwell
60 61
Con
vers
ion
tabl
es –
Uni
ts
U
nits
In
wor
ds
Mul
tiply
by
To o
btai
n
Exam
ple
m
m
Milli
met
re
0,03
9 in
ch
1mm
= 0
,039
inch
in
ch
Inch
25
,4
mm
1i
nch
= 25
,4m
m
kg
Ki
logr
am
2,20
5 lb
1k
g =
2,20
5lb
kg
Ki
logr
am
9,81
(m/s
²) N
ewto
n 1k
g =
9,81
N (k
gm/
s²)
lb
Po
und
0,
454
kg
1lb
= 0,
454k
g
m
M
etre
3,
28
ft 1m
= 3
,28f
t
ft
Fo
ot
0,30
48
m
1ft =
0,3
048m
N
N
ewto
n 0,
102
kgm
/s²
10N
= 1
,02k
g
N
/mm
² N
ewto
n pe
r squ
are
milli
met
res
1 M
Pa
N/m
m2
= M
Pa
M
Pa (
N/m
m²)
Meg
a Pa
scal
0,
145
ksi
510M
Pa =
74k
si
M
Pa
Meg
a Pa
scal
1
N/m
m²
MPa
= N
/mm
²
ks
i (ki
p/in
²) Ki
lo p
ound
per
squ
are
inch
6,
895
MPa
(N/m
m²)
52ks
i = 3
59M
Pa
ps
i Po
unds
per
squ
are
inch
0,
001
ksi
1ksi
= 1
000p
si
J
Joul
e (w
ork,
ene
rgy,
Nm
) 0,
74
ft·lb
27
J =
20ft·
lb
W
W
att (
effe
ct)
1 Jo
ule
per s
econ
d 1W
= 1
J/s
ft·
lb
Foot
pou
nd (w
ork)
1,
356
J 34
ft·lb
= 4
6J
pp
m
Parts
per
milli
on (m
ass)
1
mg/
kg
1ppm
= 1
mg/
kg =
1/1
000.
000
ba
r Ba
r 10
0 kP
a 10
bar =
100
0kPa
at
m
Atm
osph
ere
1,
013
Bar
10 a
tm =
10,
13 b
ar
⁰C
C
elsi
us
1,8
·⁰C +
32
⁰F
20⁰C
= 6
8⁰F
⁰F
Fa
hren
heit
0,56
· (⁰F
– 3
2)
⁰C
-50⁰
F =
-46⁰
C
K
Kelv
in
K –
273
⁰C
29
3K =
20⁰
C
62 63
Abbreviation Field* Name
ABS C American Bureau of Shipping
AISI ST American Iron and Steel Institute
API ST American Petroleum Institute
ASME ST American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASTM ST American Society of Testing Materials
AWS ST American Welding Society
BOP OG Blow Out Preventer
BV C Bureau Veritas
CA CR Corrosion allowance
CE W Carbon Equivalent
CP CR Cathodic Protection
CRA CR Corrosion Resistant Alloy
CS M Carbon steel
CSCC CR Chloride induced Stress Corrosion Cracking
CTOD T Crack Tip Opening Displacement
DNV C Det Norske Veritas
DNV OS ST DNV Offshore Specification
EBW (51) W Electron Beam Welding
EN ST European Standard
ESK OG Element Specification Key
ESV OG Emergency Safety Valve
F&G OG Fire & Gas
List of abbreviationsW = weld CR = corrosion resistance M = materials T = testing
OG = oil and gas ST = standard C = classification company
Abbreviation Field * Name
FAQ OG Frequently asked questions
FAT OG Fabrication Approval Test
FCAW (136) W Flux Cored Arc Welding (USA), flux cored wire
FEED OG Front End Engineering Diciplines
FL W Fusion Line (interface weld deposit/base material)
GMAW (131) W Gas Metal Arc Welding (USA), solid wire
GRP M Glas fibre Reinforced Plastic
GTAW (141) W Gas Tungsten Arc Welding(USA), solid wire
HAZ W Heat Affected Zone
HB T Hardness Brinell
HRB T Hardness Rockwell B
HRC T Hardness Rockwell C
HV T Hardness Vickers
HIP M Hot Isostatic Pressed
HISC CR Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking
IIW ST International Institute of Welding
ISO ST International Standard Organisation
LBW (52) W Laser Beam Welding (USA)
LCC OG Life Cycle Cost
LRS C Lloyds Register of Shipping
LT T Low Temperature (impact properties)
MAG (135) W Metal Active Gas welding, solid wire
64 65
List of abbreviations
Abbreviation Field * Name
MAG (136) W Metal Active Gas welding, flux cored wire
MAG (138) W Metal Active Gas welding, metal powder cored wire
MDS OG Material Data Sheet
MDT OG Minimum Design Temperature
MEG OG Mono Ethylene Glycol
MIG (131) W Metal Inert Gas welding
MMA (111) W Manual Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)
MT NDT Magnetic powder Testing
NDE NDT Non-Destructive Examination
NDT NDT Non Destructive Testing
NORSOK ST The competitive standing of the Norwegian
offshore sector
P&ID OG (Pipe)Process and Instrument Diagram
PAW (15) W Plasma Arc Welding (USA)
Pcm W Carbon equivalent
PED ST Pressure Equipment Directive
PFD OG Process Flow Diagram
PMI T Positive Material Identification
PRE CR Pitting Resistant Equivalent
PSV OG Pressure Safety Valve
PT NDT Penetrant Testing
PTFE M Poly Tetra Fluoro Ethylene (Teflon)
PWHT W Post Weld Heat Treatment
Abbreviation Field * Name
QTR OG Qualification Test Record
RT NDT Radiographic Testing
SAW (121) W Submerged arc welding, solid wire electrode
SAW (122) W Submerged arc welding, strip wire electrode
SCC CR Stress Corrosion Cracking
SMAW (111) W Shielded Metal Arc Welding (USA)
SMYS T Specified Minimum Yield Strength
SOW OG Scope Of Work
SRDL OG Supplier Request Document List
SS M Stainless Steel
SSC CR Sulphide Stress Cracking
TIG (141) W Tungsten Inert Gas welding, solid filler
TS T Tensile strength
UNS ST Unified Numbering System
UT NDT Ultrasonic Testing
UTS T Ultimate Tensile Strength
VDS OG Valve Data Sheet
YS T Yield Strength
VT NDT Visual Testing
WI OG Water Injection
WM W Weld metal (weld deposit)
WPQR W Welding Procedure Qualification Record
WPS W Welding Procedure Specification
W = weld CR = corrosion resistance M = materials T = testing
OG = oil and gas ST = standard C = classification company
Jørpeland
Tau
Stavanger
Sola
Sandnes
Lauvvik
Forus
E39
E39
510
44
44
Car ferry (30-40 min)
Car ferry (10 min)
Catamaran(25 min)
Oanes
13
66 67
SSA is based at Jørpeland, a small town near Stavanger, Norway. 100 years ago, Jørpeland had a few farms, a handful of houses, a bakery and a couple of shops. The river already produced electric power for the local sawmill and the wood processing industry.
In December 1910, the decision was taken toestablish a steelworks at Jørpeland. The firststeel melt was produced in 1913.
The establishment of the steelworks created a new era in the history of Jørpeland, bringing in construction workers, craftsmen and engineers from many European countries.
Today, Jørpeland has around 6,000 inhabitantsand is the community centre. Communication with the Stavanger region is via car ferries and catamarans. The surrounding mountains and fjord provide excellent recreational opportunities for the people living here.
Published XX.05.2017.SSA cannot be held responsible for any errors or omissions in this book, or wrong use.
Stavanger Steel AS Stålverksvegen 51N-4100 JØRPELANDNORWAYTel. +47 51 74 34 00 E-mail: post@stavangersteel.nowww.stavangersteel.no
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