spain in the xix century

THE KINGDOM OF CARLOS IV (1708-1808)

THE INDEPENDENCE WAR (1808-1814)

THE KINGDOM OF FERNANDO VII (1814-1833)

THE KINGDOM OF ISABEL II (1833-1868)

THE DEMOCRATIC SEXENY (1868-1874)

THE BORBONIC RESTORATION (1875- 1898)

ABSOLUTISM

SOCIAL, POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC

STRUCTURE IN THE XVI, XVII AND XVIII

CENTURY

FEUTURES:

-- ABSOLUTE MONARCHY

--ESTAMENTAL SOCIETY

-- ECONOMIC INTERVENTION.

LIBERALISM

PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE THAT

DEFEND THE NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY, THE

DIVISION OF POWERS, THE EQUALITY OF

PERSONS AND ECONOMIC FREEDOM.

ANCIEN RÉGIME LIBERALISM

ROYAL SOVERAIGNTY NATIONAL SOVERAIGNTY

ABSOLUT POWER

SEÑORIAL REGIME

ECONOMIC INTERVENTION

ESTAMENTAL SOCIETY

POWER DIVISSION

RATIONAL DIVISION

CLASSES SOCIETY

MARKET ECONOMY

FREE COMPANIES

COMPETENCE

PRIVATE PROPERTYAMORTIZED PROPERTY

MONOPOLY

GUILDS

CARLOS IV CONTINUES WITH MODERATE REFORMS

1789: FRENCH REVOLUTION. END OF REFORM. HE GAVE THE POWER TO GODOY

1793: LOUIS XVI WAS GUILLOTINED. WAR OF THE CONVENTION. SPAIN IS TIED TO FRANCE.

DISASTROUS ECONOMIC SITUATION: TRAFALGAR AND DISASTROUS SITUATION IN THE CROPS

1807: FONTAINEBLEU TREATY : FRANCE CROSS INTO SPAIN TO CONQUER PORTUGAL.

CARLOS IV AND GODAY ARE BLAMED OF THE SITUATION. RUMORS OF REVOLT

THE PRINCE FERNANDO SUPPORTED BY A NOBILITY AND CLERGY ORGANIZED A RIOT

CARLOS IV ABDICATES IN HIS SON. FERNANDO VII “THE WANTED”

BAYONNE AGREEMENTS: CARLOS IV AND FERNANDO VII ABDICATED IN NAPOLEÓN.

NAPOLEONIC IMPERIAL POLICY: JOSEPH I (BROTHER) AS THE KING OF SPAIN.

ESTATUTE OF BAYONNE: END OF THE ANCIEN RÉGIME

THE SPANISH POPULATION AGAINST JOSE BONAPARTE. ILLEGITIMATE AND FOREIGNER.

LA CARGA DE LOS MAMELUCOS-- GOYA

“LOS FUSILAMIENTOS DEL 3 DE MAYO”-- GOYA

FRENCH GENERAL MURAT REPRESSED THE UPRISING

MANY SPANISH CITIES ALSOREVOLTED

INDEPENDENCE WARBEGINS

DOUBLE POWER

FRENCHIFIED

-- INTELLECTUAL AND ILLUSTRATED

-- THEY SUPPORT THE ARMY INVADER

-- GOVERNED BY THE RULES OF THE STATUTE OF BAYONNE.

PATRIOTS

-- REMAINS OF SPANISH ARMY

-- THEY WANT FERNANDO VII BACK

-- POLITICALLY THEY FORM “JUNTAS”

( INFLUYENT PEOPLE FROM TOWNS)

(UNION PROVINCES FOR BETTER COORDINATION)

(TWO MEMBERS FOR EACH PROVINCES). (DECLARE WAR AND SUMMON “CORTES”)

BECAUSE OF THE VACUUM POWER IN SPAIN, THE REBEL AREAS WERE ORGANISED INDEPENDENTLLY TO THE FRENCH KING JOSEPH I.

RESISTENCE IN SOME CITIES

ZARAGOZA, GERONA, TORTOSA OR GERONA

FAIL TO ACCESS TO THE VALLEYOF EBRO AND THE EAST

FIRST IMPORTANT DEFEATS

BATTLE OF BRUC

BATTLE OF BAILÉN

THEY DIDN`T ACHIEVEBARCELONA AND ANDALUCIA

ENGLAND WONFRANCE IN SINTRA,CLOSE TO LISBOA.

CONSEQUENCES

THE FRENCH ARMY HAS TO REMOVE TO VITORIA(P.VASCO)

LA BATALLA DE BAILEN (Julio 1808)

THE SIEGE OF ZARAGOZA

WHAT ARE THE GUERRILLA?

MEMBERS: CITIZENS, OFFICERS AND SOLDIERS FLED, BANDITS, ADVENTURERS, ETCFIGHTING METHOD: KNOW THE LAND / POPULAR SUPPORT / AMBUSH / DEPROVISIONACHIEVEMENTS: UNDERMINE THE MORAL FRENCH AND NOT LET THEM MOVE.

EL EMPECINADO EL CURA MERINO ESPOZ Y MINA

ENGLAND SENT ADDITIONS IN COMMAND OF WELLINGTONTWO IMPORTANT FACTS

THE GUERRILLA

THE GUERRILLA IS THE POPULAR EXPRESSION OF THE WAR

NAPOLEON REMOVE MOST OF HIS TROOPS TO WAR IN RUSSIA

ANGLO-SPANISH TROOPS LAUNCH OFFENSIVE IN COMMAND OF WELLINGTON

VICTORIES IN THE PLATEAU, THE MOSTIMPORTANT IN ARAPILES NAPOLEÓN IS DEFEATED IN LEIPZIG

HE SHOULD REMOVE ITS TROOPS FROM SPAIN

VICTORIES IN VITORIA AND

SAN MARCIAL

11TH DECEMBER 1813VALENÇAY TREATY

271 MEMBERSMOST OF THEM LIBERALS

TWO TRENDS

LIBERALS ABSOLUTISTS

IN FAVOUR OF ANCIENREGIME AND ABSOLUTISTMONARCHY

THEY WANTED TO FINISHWITH THE ANCIEN REGIME

COURTS OF CÁDIZ

-NATIONAL SOVERAIGNTY. THE PEOPLE HAS THE POWER

-UNIVERSAL, INDIRECT AND MALE SUFFRAGE.

1.- LEGISLATIVE: Court with the king

-POWER DIVISSION 2.- EJECUTIVO: King

3.- JUDICIAL: Judges

- UNICAMERAL COURTS: COURTS VOTING BY THE CITIZENS

-POLITICAL SYSTEM: PARLIAMENTARY MONARCHY.

- Freedom

- Property

-INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS: - Fiscal and legal equality

- Inviolability of the home

- Criminal guarantees

- Freedom of the press …

- CATHOLIC CONFESSIONAL STATE

BASIC

PRINCIPLES

ENACTED ON 19TH MARCH 1812: “LA PEPA”

OTHER AMENDMENTS OR REFORMS TO THE DISPOSAL OF OLD REGIME

STAGES OF THE KINGDOM OF FERNANDO VII

1814-1833

ABSOLUTIST SEXENY

1814-1820LIBERAL TRIENIUM

1820-1823

OMINIUS DECADE

1823-1833

BACKGROUND:

•11 December 1813: Sign of the Valençay Treaty

•22 March 1814: Fernando VII return.

•12 April 1814: The absolutist gave to the king the

“Manifiesto de los Persas”.

•Real Decreto 4 de Mayo: Cancel the Constitution

and the work of the Cortes of Cadiz and restore

absolutism. The persecution of liberals begins.

FIRST ACTION REPRESSION TO LIBERALS

ABROAD CONTEXT

•DEFEAT OF NAPOLEON•RESTORATION•CONGRESS OF VIENA (1815)•HOLLY ALLIANCE

SEGUNDA MEDIDATO DELETE ALL THE WORK OFTHE COURTS OF CÁDIZ

• INESTABILITY GOVERNMENT•ECONOMIC CRISIS (BANKRUPT).•WAR IN THE AMERICAN COLONIES.• THE STATEMENTS.

SERIOUSPROBLEMS

Comenzaba cuando ante el descontento popular un militar leía un manifiesto ante las tropas y se “pronunciaba”. El militar actuaba siempre en representacion de un grupo politico.Si tenia éxito se producia un cambio de gobierno, en caso contrario la represion podia dar lugar al fusilamiento o el exilio

LACYPORLIER

ESPOZ Y MINA

STATEMENTS WERE MILITARY UPRISING SUPPORTED BY THE PEOPLE WHOSE

GOAL WAS A CHANGEIN THE GOVERN. IN THIS STAGE WERE MADE TO RESTORE

THE PARLIAMENTARY MONARCHY AND THE CONSTITUTION OF 1812.

It begins with the

pronouncement of Rafael

Riego in Cabezas de San

Juan (Sevilla) on January 1,

1820.

REFORM OF THE COURTS OF CADIZ WERE RESTORED

THE NATIONAL MILITIA WAS ESTABLISHED: IT WAS A POPULARVOLUNTEER ARMY WHOSE AIM WAS DEFENDING THE CONSTITUTION OF 1812 AND THE LIBERAL IDEAS.

Finally the invasion of “The Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis”

in April 1823 led by the Duke of Angouleme caused the defeat of the

Liberals and the replacement of Fernando VII as absolute monarch

1.- Resetting absolute monarchy institutions

2.- Repression

against the exalted

liberal

4.- Opposition to

Fernando VII

-- Absolutist: They dont want reforms. Malcontents and Carlists.

-- Liberals: Few and desorganized.

3.- Economic

problems

-- Finance Bankruptcy. great Deficit

-- Tax Reform.

MARIANA PINEDA

TORRIJOS

Fernando VII dies in 1833 and

leave the throne to his

daghter, Isabel II

Mª Cristina,

Wife and regent

Isabel II

Before dying,

Fernando VII

overrides the Salic

Law and enforces

the Pragmatic

Sanction of 1788.

Carlos Maria Isidro,

brother of Fernando VII

Carlos rejects this decision

THE DINASTYC CONFLICT

Liberalism

FIRST

CARLIST

WAR

(1833-39)

AbsolutismPolitical conflict

LEADER: CARLOS Mª ISIDRO

IDEOLOGY: ABSOLUTIST, RETURN TO ANCIEN RÉGIME AND FORALISM.

SOCIAL SUPPORT: RURAL PEASANTRY, SOME MILITARYLOW CLERGY, LOW NOBILITY AND CRAFTSMAN.

AREAS OF INFLUENCE: PAIS VASCO, NAVARRA, CATALUÑA AND MAESTRAZGO

CARLISTS

LEADER: Mª CRISTINA AND HIS DAUGHTER ISABEL II

IDEOLOGY: LIBERAL AND MODERATE MONARCHY

SOCIAL SUPPORT: NOBILITY, HIGH CLERGY, HIGH MILITARY,BOURGEOISIE AND URBAN MIDDLE CLASS.

AREA OF INFLUENCE: REST OF SPAIN AND BIG CITIES.

ISABELINOS

ARMIES AND AREAS OF INFLUENCEThe Carlists organized armed bands (guerrillas) and were especially strong in Navarra and the Basque Country, but also extended their influence into the valley of the Ebro, Catalonia, Aragon and high areas of the Iberian System (Maestrazgo)

The liberal army was far superior in number of men and weapons and his control of the territory was greater.

ZUMALACÁRREGUI

THE CARLISTS LEADERS

CARLOS Mª ISIDRO

MAROTO

Las fases del conflicto

THE WAR ENDS WITH PEACE AGREEMENT SEALED IN “THE EMBRACEOF VERGARA” BETWEEN MAROTO AND ESPARTERO.

AT THE BEGINNING OF THE REGENCY OF Mª CRISTINA, SHE HAS TO RELYIN LIBERALS, WHICH SUFFER A INTERNAL DIVISION BETWEEN PROGRESSIVE AND MODERATE. THE REGENT WILL SUPPORT IN ONES OR ANOTHERS BY THE TIME, BUT THERE WAS GREATER CHOICE FOR MODERATE

THE MODERATE GOVERNMENTS (1833-1835)

CEA BERMÚDEZ MARTÍNEZ DE LA ROSA

REGIONAL DIVISION STATUTE REAL OF 1834

STATUTE OF 1834--NO CONSTITUTION-- NO RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS-- NO DIVISION OF POWERS-- RESTRICTED SUFFRAGE

CEA BERMÚDEZ

THE PROGRESSIVE GOVERNMENTS (1835-1837)

J. A. Mendizábal

THE DEMOLITION OF THE ANCIEN

REGIME

The dissolution of the feudal system

The decoupling of the properties

The confiscation of the properties of the regular clergy

Liberalization of the economy

THE PROGRESSIVE GOVERNMENTS (1835-1837)

SIGNIFICADO DE LA CONSTITUCION DE 1837 (PROGRESISTA):• Consolida el sistema liberal en España basado en la existencia de una Constitución y la

alternancia de dos partidos (moderado y progresista). Estuvo vigente hasta 1845.

• Termino medio entre la Constitución 1812 (progres) y el Estatuto real 1834 (moderado)

1. Progresista: Soberanía nacional, amplia declaración de derechos, división de poderes.

2. Moderados: Bicameralismo, amplios poderes Corona, financiación de la Iglesia.

Además de la Constitución de 1837 las Cortes aprobaron otras leyes: Ley de Imprenta (sin

censura) y Ley Electoral ( del 0,4% del Estatuto Real al 2,2% de votantes)

RULED IN AUTHORITARIAN WAY

LOST SUPPORT

BETWEEN HIS

FOLLOWERS

APPROVED THE TARIFF OF 1842

UPRISING OF

BARCELONA IN

1842

THE MODERATES TAKE ADVANTAGE OFTHE SITUATION FOR CONSPIRACY ANDREMOVE HIS POWER. ISABEL II NOMINATEDSENIOR CITIZEN.

NARVÁEZ: “EL ESPADÓN DE LOJA”

GOVERN SYSTEM

DISTORSION OF ELECTIONS AUTHORITARISM

REPRESSION CORRUPTION

“CAMARILLAS” NO PARLIAMENT

“Art. 7. No puede ser detenido, ni preso, ni separado de su domicilio ningún español, ni allanada su casa sino en los casos y en la forma que las leyes prescriban.(…)Art. 10. No se impondrá jamás la pena de confiscación de bienes, y ningún español será privado de su propiedad, sino por causa justificada de utilidad común, previa la correspondiente indemnización.Art. 11. La religión de la Nación española es la católica, apostólica, romana. El Estado se obliga a mantener el culto y sus ministros.Art. 12. La potestad de hacer las leyes reside en las Cortes con el Rey.Art. 13. Las Cortes se componen de dos Cuerpos Colegisladores, iguales en facultades: el Senado y el Congreso de los Diputados.(…)Art. 22. Para ser Diputado se requiere ser español, del estado seglar, haber cumplido veinticinco años, disfrutar la renta procedente de bienes raíces, o pagar por contribuciones directas la cantidad que por ley se prefijen(…)Art. 42. La persona del rey es sagrada e inviolable y no está sujeta a responsabilidad”

REGIONAL ORGANIZATION

APPOINTMENT OF MAYORS

SHERIFF

NATIONAL MILITIAREPLACED BY

GUARDIA CIVIL

TAX REFORM: MÓN-SANTILLÁN LAW

TAXESDIRECTS: PROPERTY AND JOB

INDIRECTS: PRODUCTS

LEGAL

-- CREATING A PENAL CODE

-- PROJECT A CIVIL CODE

CONCORDATO WITH THE HOLY SEE IN 1851

FINISH OF THE CONFISCATION

STATE FUNDING

PREVAIL OF THE CATHOLIC RELIGION

EDUCATION-- PIDAL LAW-- MOYANO LAW

O´DONELL

ESPARTERO

video

CONFISCATION OF MADOZ

IT AFFECTED THE ECCLESIASTICAL AND MUNICIPAL GOODS.

GREAT BENEFIT: BOURGEOISIE

MADOZ

OBJECTIVES: DEVELOPMENT AND INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE COUNTRY AND RAILWAY.

RURAL CONFLCIT

-- BAD HARVEST

-- INCREASE THE PRICES

LABOR CONFLICT

-- SOCIAL IMPROVEMENTS

-- WORK IMPROVEMENTS

PEASANT UPRISINGS FIRST STRIKES

CRISIS IN THE GOVERNMENT COALITION– RESIGNATION OF ESPARTERO

THE QUEEN CALL LEOPOLDO O`DONELL TO FORM A NEW GOVERNMENT

“LA UNIÓN LIBERAL” (1856-63) OF O,DONNELL

• Political Estability.Economic Prosperity

• Active abroad policy: Conchinchina, México and Morocco.

MODERATE GOVERNMENTS (1863-68) OF NARVÁEZ

REASONS

ECONOMICS SOCIALS POLITICAL

-- 1866: 1ª CAPITALIST CRISIS

-- FINANCIAL CRISIS: RAILWAY

--INDUSTRIAL CRISIS: TEXTILE

-- FOOD CRISIS

-- “IMPUESTO DE CONSUMOS”

-- “SISTEMA DE QUINTAS”

-- RESISTENCE OF THE POWER OF THE QUEEN.-- AUTHORITARISM ANDREPRESSION OF THEMODERATES-- MILITARY UPRISINGS-- OSTENDE`S PACT

TOPETE, PRIM AND SERRANO

“VIVA ESPAÑA CON HONRA”

ALCOLEA`S BATTLE (CÓRDOBA)

REVOLUTIONARY “JUNTAS”

TEMPORARY GOVERNMENT

1.- la consagración del sufragio universal y libre (…)2.- la libertad absoluta de imprenta (…)3.- La consagración práctica e inmediata de todas las demás libertades, la de enseñanza, la de cultos, la de tráfico e industria, etc,4.- La abolición de la pena de muerte (…)5.- La seguridad individual eficazmente garantizada, así como la absoluta Inviolabilidad del domicilio y de la correspondencia.6.- La abolición de la constitución bastarda que nos venía rigiendo (…)7.- Igualdad en la repartición de las cargas públicas (…)11.- Cortes constituyentes por sufragio universal directo, para que decreten una Constitución en armonía con las necesidades de la época.

¡¡¡VIVA LA LIBERTAD!!!¡¡¡ DEBAJO DE LA DINASTÍA!!!

¡¡¡ VIVA LA SOBERNÍA NACIONAL!!!

Proclama de las Juntas revolucionarias, 1868.

UNIVERSAL MALE SUFFRAGEMORE FREEDOMS (PRESS, RELIGION, ASSOCIATIONAND MEETING ASSEMBLY.ELECTIONS TO CONSTITUENT PARLIAMENT

FIRST ACTIONS

JUAN PRIM, PRIME

MINISTER

SERRANO, REGENT

ELECTIONS FOR A KINGAMADEO I

NEW KING OF SPAIN

WITHOUT SOCIAL ANDPOLITICAL SUPPORT

FOREIGN KING

MODERATES, CARLISTS,

REPUBLICANS AND CHURCH OPPOSITION

3RD CARLIST

WAR

UPRISINGS IN CUBA

THE ARMY AND ECONOMIC ELITES DIDN´TSUPPORT HIM

“ESTE PAÍS ES UNA JAULA DE GRILLOS”

ON 11TH FEBRUARY 1873 THE FIRST SPANISH REPUBLIC WAS PROCLAIMED

PROBLEMS

TREASURY IN CRISIS THIRD CARLIST WAR WAR IN CUBA DISTRUST ARMY AGRICULTURAL , INDUSTRIAL AND

LABOR PROBLEMS WITHOUT INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT WITHOUT POLITICAL SUPPORT

FIRST SPANISH REPUBLIC LAST ONE YEAR AND HAD FOUR PRESIDENTS

FIGUERAS: “Señores estoy hasta los cojonesde todos nosotros”. DURÓ DEL 12 DE FEBRERO AL11 DE JUNIO.

PI I MARGALL: “"Han sido tantas mis amarguras en el poder, que no puedo codiciarlo. He perdido en el gobierno mi tranquilidad, mi reposo, mis ilusiones, mi confianza en los hombres, que constituía el fondo de mi carácter” DURÓ DEL 11 DE JUNIO AL 18 DE JULIO.

SALMERÓN: "Abandonó el poder por no firmar una sentencia de muerte.“ DURÓ DEL 18 DE JULIO AL 7 DESEPTIEMBRE.

CASTELAR: "Para sostener esta forma de gobierno necesito mucha infantería, mucha caballería, muchaartillería, mucha Guardia civil y muchos carabineros".

DURÓ DEL 7 DE SEPTIEMBRE AL 3 DE ENERO DE 1874.

THE DRAFT CONSTITUTION OF 1873

17 STATESECONOMIC, ADMINISTRATIVE AND POLITICAL AUTONOMY

THRD CARLIST WAR

TOOK IMPORTANCE DUE TO HIS SUITOR CARLOS VIIWAR IN CUBA

IT BEGAN IN 1868 AND ITS IMPOSSIBLE TO WIN

THE CANTONALISM PROBLEM

EL CANTONALISMO ES UN CONCEPTO COMPLEJO EN EL QUE SE UNEN LAS ASPIRACIONESDEL FEDERALISMO INTRANSIGENTE JUNTOCON LAS ASPIRACIONES DE REVOLUCIÓNSOCIAL. VARIAS CIUDADES ESPAÑOLAS SEDECLARARON EN ESTADOS INDEPENDIENTES.FUE IMPORTANTE EN ANDALUCIA Y EL LEVANTE.FUE SOFOCADO POR LAS ARMAS, EXCEPTOEN CARTAGENA.

ALFONSO XII CÁNOVAS DEL CASTILLO

CONSTITUCIÓNDE 1812

CONSTITUCIÓN DE 1837

CONSTITUCIÓNDE 1845

CONSTITUCIÓNDE 1869

FORMA DE ESTADO MONARQUÍA PARLAMENTARIA

MONARQUÍAPARLAMENTARIA

MONARQUÍA PARLAMENTARIA

MONARQUÍA PARLAMENTARIA

SOBERANÍA NACIONAL NACIONAL COMPARTIDA ENTRE EL REY LAS CORTES

NACIONAL

DIVISIÓN DE PODERES

EJECUTIVO(REY)LEGISLATIVO( CORTES Y REY)

JUDICIAL(TRIBUNALES)

EJECUTIVO(REY)LEGISLATIVO( CORTES Y REY)

JUDICIAL(TRIBUNALES

EJECUTIVO(REY)LEGISLATIVO( CORTES Y REY)

JUDICIAL(TRIBUNALES

EJECUTIVO(REY Y MINISTROS)

LEGISLATIVO( CORTES)

JUDICIAL(TRIBUNALES

CORTES UNICAMERALES VOTADAS POR EL

PUEBLO

BICAMERALESSENADO NOMBRADO

POR EL REY

BICAMERALESSENADO NOMBRADO

POR EL REY

BICAMERALESELEGIDAS POR LOS

CIUDADANOS

SUFRAGIO UNIVERSAL MASCULINO INDIRECTO

CENSITARIO CENSITARIO MUY REDUCIDO

UNIVERSAL MASCULINO

RELACIÓNIGLESIA/ESTADO

CONFESIONALIDAD CATÓLICA DEL

ESTADO.

ACONFESIONALIDAD DEL ESTADO

CONFESIONALIDAD CATÓLICA DEL

ESTADO.

RELIGIÓN CATÓLICA OFICIAL, PERO SEPERMITÍAN LAS

DEMÁS

DERECHOS YLIBERTADES

AMPLIADECLARACIÓN

LIBERTAD DE PRENSA,

ASOCIACIÓN Y OPINIÓN

NO HABÍA AMPLIA DECLARACIÓN