sonet & sdh documents
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8/10/2019 SONET & SDH DOCUMENTS
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Why SDH/SONET?
SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) and SONET (SynchronousOptical NETwork)are standards for interfacing optical networks.
Simple multiplexing processes
Easy access to various signals in a multiplexed high bit ratesignal
A flexible and efficient way of networking Network Distribution: Add/Drop capability
Network survivability: APS (Automatic Protection Switching)
Traffic Cross connection: capacity management, bandwidthmanagement and protection route diversity
Support advance Network Management System (OAM&P)Overhead bits for Fault, Configuration, Performance Monitoring,Security and Accounting management
Standardized interface can support multi vendor interworking,international connection and many different services; i.e. ATM,IP
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SONET/SDH Digital Hierarchy
Optical
Level
SONET
Electrical
Level
SDH
Equivalent
Line Rate
(Mbps)
Payload
Rate
(Mbps)
Overhead
Rate
(Mbps)
SONET
Capacity
SDH
Capacity
OC-1 STS-1 51.840 50.112 1.728 28 DS-1s or
1 DS-3
21 E1s
OC-3 STS-3 STM-1 155.520 150.336 5.184 84 DS-1s or
3 DS-3s
63 E1s or
1 E4
OC-12 STS-12 STM-4 622.080 601.344 20.736 336 DS-1s or
12 DS-3s
252 E1s or
4 E4s
OC-48 STS-48 STM-16 2488.320 2405.376 82.944 1,344 DS-1s or
192 DS-3s
1,008 E1s or
16 E4s
OC-192 STS-192 STM-64 9953.280 9621.504 331.776 5,376 DS-1s or
192 DS-3s
4,032 E1s or
64 E4s
Note:
Although an SDH STM-1 has the same bit rate as the SONET STS-3, the two signals contain different frame structures.
STM = Synchronous Transport Module (ITU-T)
STS = Synchronous Transfer Signal (ANSI)
OC = Optical Carrier (ANSI)
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SDH and SONET Bit Rate
SDH Bit Rate SONET
STM-1
STM-64 OC-192
OC-3
9.95Gb/s
155Mb/s
STM-4 OC-12622Mb/s
STM-16 OC-482.48Gb/s
STM-0 OC-1(STS-1)
51Mb/s
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What is different about SDH vs. SONET?
Together they are a set of global standards that interfaceequipment from different vendors. SDH is basically theinternational version of SONET, and SONET can be thought ofas the North American version of SDH.
There are some slight differences between SONET and SDH.
The main differences are in the basic SDH and SONET frameformats, but SDH and SONET are essentially identical beyondthe STS-3 signal level. The base signal for SONET is STS-1 andthe base signal for SDH is STM-1. STS-3c is equivalent to STM-1
and the lower tributaries can be mapped interchangeablybetween the two formats from that point on.
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What is different about SDH vs. SONET?(Cont)
In SDH, both electrical and optical signals are referred to as STMsignals.
In SONET, however, electrical signals are called STS and opticalsignals are referred to as OC.
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SONET
Defined by Bellcore and ANSI T1.X committees
Base rate (High Order) is 51.84Mbps (STS-1)
STS-1 Synchronous Payload Envelope (SPE) =50.112M used for carrying tributaries or a DS3 signal
Tributaries (Low Order) used for SONET are:
VT1.5 (SPE Trib) = 1.728M for carrying DS1 (1.544)
VT2 (SPE Trib) = 2.304M for carrying CEPT (E1, 2.048)
VT6 (SPE Trib) = 6.912M, Never formalized samerate as VT Group
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SONET Hierarchy
x7
E1
DS1
x1
x3
x4
Tributaries of Base Signal
(Low Order Payloads)
xN
Broadband STS-N Payloads(High Order Payloads)
VT 1.5
VT Group
VT 2
VT 6VT6
SPE
VT2
SPE
VT1.5
SPE
STS-N
STS-1
SPE
STS-N
SPE
x1
DS3x1
Data
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STS-1 Frame with VT Mapping
Section OH
Line OH
3 bytes
3
1
5
87 bytes
STS-1 SPE
STS-1 SPE Payload
DS3 Mapped or
7x VTG Mapped
J1
B3
C2
G1
F2H4
F3
K3
Z3
STS Pointer
VT
Group
VT
Group
VT
Group
VT
Group
VT
Group
VT
Group
VT
Group
V
T
1
5
Vx
ptr
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Points to Remember in SONET
The base layer is the STS-1 SPESingle pointer to get to the STS-1 SPE (50MB level)
ALL tributary signals multiplex (via Pointer Processing)to the STS-1 SPE
Each STS-1 has its own path overheadTOH is called Section and Line Overhead
SS bits (in H1) is set to 00
Bellcore (Telcordia) Alarming and GR-820 Performance
MonitoringOther Nuances:
Path Trace is 64bytes, Orderwire is Mu-Law, Z bytesnot used, No J2, APS is different
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SDH
Defined by ITU-T (previously CCITT) committees
Base rate (High Order) is 155.520 (STM-1)
Virtual Container 4 (VC-4) = 150.336M used for carryingtributaries or an E4 signal (or data)
Tributaries (Low Order) used for SDH are:
VC-11 = 1.728M for carrying DS1 (1.544) (rarely used inAU4)
VC-12 = 2.304M for carrying CEPT (E1)
Also a stuffing option for mapping VC11/1.5M to TU-12
VC-2 = 6.912M Just gaining acceptance (TU-2-Mc) for data
VC-3 = 50.112M (Same as STS-1 SPE) used for E3 AND DS3
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SDH Hierarchy
STM-16 AU-4-16c C-4-16cVC-4-16c
E1: 2.048Mb/s
E4: 139.264Mb/s
STM-4
STM-1
AU-4-4c
AU-4
AU-3
VC-4-4c
VC-4
C-4-4c
C-4
C-3
C-2
C-12
C-11
VC-3
VC-2
VC-12
VC-11
TUG-3
TUG-2
DS1:1.544Mb/s
E3: 34.368Mb/sDS3: 44.736Mb/s
DS2:6.312 Mb/s
VC-3
TU-3
TU-11
TU-12
TU-2
x4
x3
x1
x7x7
x3x3
564.992Mb/s
2259.968Mb/s
VC-n
AU-n
AUG
STM-n Synchronous Transport Module
Administrative Unit Group: One or
more AU(s)
Administrative Unit: VC + pointers
Virtual Container: payload + path
overhead
STM-64 AU-4-64c VC-4-64c C-4-64c
AUG
x16
x4
x4x64
x16
x4
9039.872Mb/s
Containers of Base Signal
(Low Order Payloads)
High Order Payloads
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STM-1 Frame with AU-4 Mapping
Regenerator
Section OH
Multiplex
Section
OH
9 bytes
3
1
5
261 bytes
VC-4 Payload:
C4 or TUG-3 mapped
J1
B3
C2
G1
F2
H4
F3
K3
N1
H1
H2
H3
H1
H2
H3
H1
H2
H3
C-3
Payload
J1
B3
C2
G1
F2
H4F3
K3
N15
bytes
Higher Order
Path OH
AU Pointer
TUG-3
TUG-2/VC12
Muxed
C-3
Payload
J1
B3
C2
G1
F2
H4F3
K3
N1
V
C
1
2
Vx
ptr
Low Order
Path OH
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SONET Vs. SDH
SONET UPSR = SDH SNCP (Sub-Network Connection
Protection)
WTR is up to 12 minutes in 1 minute increments
Hold-off timer for SDH 0-10S in 100mS increments
SONET BLSR = SDH MS-SPRing (Multiplex SectionShared
Protection Ring), SDH does not specify MS-SPRing @ STM-4(but we allow it)
SONET APS = SDH MSP (Multiplex Section Protection)
SONET Mesh/ Virtual Ring = SDH Same as/Extension of SNCP(and this has been around a while in SDH Networks)
SONET Path Trace = SDH Path Access Point Identifier (P-API, orAPI)
SONET Alarms: CR, MJ, MN = SDH Alarms PMA (PromptMaintenance Activity), DMA (Deferred Maintenance Activity): Wekept the CR/MJ/MN and added the -PMA/DMA as a suffix
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SONET Vs. SDH (cont)
SDH Collects Errored Block Seconds, Errored Second Ratios
SDH is beginning to use Tandem Connection MonitoringPath within a path
Adds additional Path Trace, BIP, FEBE and RDI to a high orlow-order path
SONET, STS-SPE (50.112M) is the base-rate payloadSDH, thebase is 155M and the VC-3 (STS equivalent) is a tributary tothe VC-4
Its not a central office, its an Exchange
Its not a Class 5/ Class 4, its a Local Switch and a TransitSwitch
Its not a DCS, its a DXC
SONET uses 3/3s and 3/1s, SDH uses 4/4s and 4/3/1s
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Terminology Summary
SDH SONET
STM-1 OC-3
STM-4 OC-12
STM-16 OC-48
STM-64 OC-192
STM-256 OC-768
Optical I/O Board
SDH SONET
Not applicable STS-1
VC4 STS-3c
VC4-4c STS-12c
VC4-8c STS-24c
VC4-16c STS-48c
VC4-64c STS-192c
Path Type
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Terminology Summary
SDH SONET
MSP APS/FFP
MS-SPRing BLSR
SNCP PPMN/UPSR
Protection Type Overhead Naming
SDH SONET
RS - RegeneratorSection
Section
MS - Multiplex
SectionLine
HP - High Order
PathPath
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Terminology Summary
SDH SONET
AU-LOP LOP-P
AU-AIS AIS-P
HP-UNEQ UNEQ-P
HP-TIM TIM-P
HP-SLM SLM-P
HP-RDI RDI-P/RFI-P
HP-DEG SD-P
HP-EXC SF-P
HP-REI REI-P
Alarms
SDH SONET
LOS LOS
LOF LOF
RS-TIM TIM-S
MS-AIS AIS-L
MS-RDI RDI-L/RFI-L
MS-DEG SD-L
MS-EXC SF-L
MS-REI REI-L
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Terminology Summary
PM Monitored Types
SDH SONETNot defined CV Code Violation
EB Errored Block Not defined
BBE Background Block Error Not defined
ES Errored second ES Errored second
Not defined SEFS - Severely Errored Framing Seconds
SES - Severely Errored Second SES - Severely Errored Second
Not defined FC- Failure Count
UAS - Unavailable Second UAS - Unavailable Second
BBER - Background Block Errored Ratio Not defined
ESR Errored second Ratio Not defined
SESR - Severely Errored Second Ratio Not defined
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Terminology Summary
SDH SONETNot defined CV-S
RS-EB Not defined
RS-BBE Not definedRS-ES ES-S
Not defined CV-LNE
Not defined CV-LFE
MS-EB-NE Not defined
MS-EB-FE Not definedMS-BBE-NE Not defined
MS-BBE-FE Not defined
MS-ES-NE ES-LNE
MS-ES-FE ES-LFE
PM Monitored Entities SDH SONET
Not defined FC-LNE
Not defined FC-LFE
MS-UAS-NE UAS-LNE
MS-UAS-FE UAS-LFENot defined CV-PNE
Not defined CV-PFE
HP-EB-NE Not defined
HP-EB-FE Not defined
HP-BBE-NE Not definedHP-BBE-FE Not defined
HP-ES-NE ES-PNE
HP-ES-FE ES-PFE
HP-SES-NE SES-PNE
HP-SES-FE SES-PFE
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Terminology Summary
PM Monitored Entities (Cont.)
SDH SONET
Not defined FC-PNE
Not defined FC-PFE
HP-UAS-NE UAS-PNE
HP-UAS-FE UAS-PFE
HP-BBER-NE Not defined
HP-BBER-FE Not defined
HP-ESR-NE Not definedHP-ESR-FE Not defined
HP-SESR-NE Not defined
HP-SESR-FE Not defined
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