solid waste management

BYIBRAHIM SALEEM P

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

“As useless, unwanted and discarded materials coming

from production and consumption”

Residential wastes Commercial wastes Municipal wastes Industrial wastes Agricultural wastes Hazardous wastes

It is defined as the discipline associated with the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer, transport, processing and disposal of solid wastes in a manner that is in accord with best principles of public health.

To identify types of solid wastes and their sources

To examine the physical and chemical composition.

To consider the elements involved in management.

To minimize the adverse environmental impacts caused by the indiscriminate disposal of solid wastes.

Encompasses activities in which materials are identified as no longer being of value and are either thrown away or gathered together for disposal.

Example: wrapping of candy bar

Waste handling and separation involves the activities associated with management of wastes until they are placed in storage containers for collection.

Includes not only gathering of solid wastes and recyclable materials, but also the transport of these materials, after collection.

Transfer and transport of wastes from the smaller collection vehicle to the larger transport equipment.

Processing and recovery of wastes is taken to long distances to a processing site and to prepare materials for recovery of conversion products and energy.

The final functional element in the solid waste management system is disposal. Today the disposal of wastes by land filling or land spreading is the ultimate fate of all solid wastes.

Factors influences:

Geographic location Season of the year Population characteristics Legislation People’s attitude

PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS

Garbage

Rubbish

Ashes,

Cooking wastes

Paper, glass, plastics, metal etc

Houses, hotels, shops, markets etc

Street refuse

Dead animals

Abandoned vehicles

Sweepings, dirt, leaves etc

Domestic animals unwanted vehicles, spares etc

Roads, garages, side walk, vacant areas etc

Biomedical wastes Medicines, disposables etc

Hospitals, clinics, research and development institutes.

Waste generation involves those activities in which materials are identified as no longer being of

value and therefore, are thrown away as useless.

It refers to the activities associated with handling, storage and processing of solid wastes at or near the point of generation until they are placed in containers for storage before collection.

Facilitates the collection process. Minimizes the collection process. Ensure maximum collection of solid wastes

generated. Discourage throwing of wastes

indiscriminately in the streets.

Household wastes should be stored in sturdy container of :

Sufficient capacity. Easy to empty and clean Has a well fitted lid.

Galvanized steel and plastic bins can satisfy these criteria.

Problems: The provision of too few containers of

insufficient capacity. Inappropriate locating of containers. Containers are usually open, giving access

to rats, flies and animals, which is undesirable for both hygienic and aesthetic reasons.

It is difficult and complex occurrences in variety of placesHigh cost of fuel & labor60-80% of cost only for collection

In this system householders carry their wastes to solid waste bins situated at specific location, solid waste collection trucks visits these location at regular intervals and collect and transport the accumulated wastes to treatment or disposal sites.

It is a collection vehicle travels over a selected route at a specific time of the day, usually two or three days a week. The house holders bring their wastes and hand them over to the workers.

House holders leave the wastes in containers or disposal bags on the footpath on pre-selected days according to a collection schedule.

Succeeds only if well organized regular service is provided

The house holders store wastes in a bin, basket or bag within their house premises.

Workers collect bin, basket or bag, empty it into the collection vehicle and return container to premises.

To improve the efficiency of (swm) system. To recover useable material. To recover conversion products and energy.

Mechanical volume reduction (compaction). Chemical volume reduction (incineration). Component separation (manual &mechanical). Mechanical size reduction (shredding). Moisture content reduction (drying &

dewatering).

By material separation By material conversion

Physical treatment Chemical treatment Neutralization Chemical oxidation reduction

Dumping Burrying Burning composting

Availability of land Distance & cost Soil condition & topography Climate condition Geological condition Noise, odour, dust &vector control

Discharge to waste water treatment plants On site treatement

Methane & carbon dioxide by organic matter

Active and passive collection of gas for heat & electricity

IncinerationControlled burning at high temp(i.e 850p C)

in presence of air

Composting is the process of bacterial conversion of organic solid and semi solid wastes into compost which can be handled, stored and transported without any adverse environmental effect, and can be used to as organic manure for improvement of soil quality and fertility

Windrow composting control parameter: Moisture Temperature Ph Oxygen Carbon-Nitrogen ratio

Recycling is a process to change of waste materials into new products

Medical waste Household waste

Due to advancement in technology

Changes in fashion Style Status

Inventory management Production-process modification Volume reduction Recovery and reuse

GovernmentIndustriescitizen