soil

10th B

Roll No.-22

Topic-Soil

1. The thin layer of grainy substance covering the surface of the earth is called soil.

2. Soil is the upper layer of the crust and is closely linked to the land.

3. Landform determine the type of soil.

Soil

Factors affecting soil formation

Climate Vegetation Age of rock Relief and Parent rock

According to colour,thickness,age,texture,chemical composition and physical properties different types of soils

are as follows:

According to colour,thickness,age,texture,chemical composition and physical properties different types of

soils are as follows:

Alluvial soil Red and Yellow soil Laterite soil

Black soilArid soil Forest soil

Types of soil

Major soil types

Alluvial soil

• The most widely spread and important soil.• Spreads over northern entire plains.• Deposited by three river system.• Can be seen in the deltas of eastern river too.

According to age to age alluvial soil can be classified in old alluvial (Bangar) and new alluvial (Khadar).

New alluvial is more fertile tha old alluvial.

Has adequate proportion of potash,phospharic acid and lime.

Ideal for sugarcane,paddy,wheat and other cereals and pulse crops.

So, the region of alluvial soil is thickly populated and intensively cultivated

Alluvial Soil deposited by the rivers

• The soil is black in colour and it is volcanic in origin.

• Created from igneous rock, and is called ‘regur soil’.

• It is ideal for growing cotton and so called black cotton soil.

• Black soil covers part of Maharashtra,Saurashtra,Malwa,

Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh

Black soil

Black Soil

Red and Yellow Soil develops on crystalline igneous rock in the areas of low rainfall in the eastern and

southern part of Deccan Plateau

Also found in parts of Orissa, Chattisgarh,south of middle Ganga Plain and the eastern piedmont zone of

western Ghats

Red and Yellow soil

The red colour is because of the diffusion of iron in the form of iron oxide in the crystalline and

metamorphic rock.

It looks yellow when it is in the hydrate form.