skin 1.structure (diagram) 2.functions 3.skin types 4.skin conditions 5.contraindications to facial...

Skin

1. Structure (diagram)

2. Functions

3. Skin types

4. Skin conditions

5. Contraindications to facial

6. Skin analysis

Skin layers

• Epidermis

• Dermis

• Subcutaneous layer (Hypodermis)

Layers of epidermis

• Stratum Corneum

• Stratum Lucidum

• Stratum Granulosum

• Stratum Spinosum

• Stratum Germinativum

Epidermis

Come

Lucy

Granny’s

Spinning

Germs

Epidermis• Stratum Germinativum• living, reproducing layer

• Stratum Spinosum• Cells change shape, become ’prickly’, still reproducing

• Stratum Granulosum• Cells harden, start to keratinize

• Stratum Lucidum• Clear layer, cells are dead

• Stratum Corneum• Cells are dead and scaly

Dermis

• Nerves

• Blood and lymph capillaries

• Arrector pili muscle

• Sweat glands

• Sebaceous glands

• Collagen fibres

• Elastin fibres

Hypodermis / Subcutaneous layer

• Contains fatty tissue

• Helps to keep the body warm

• Helps to protect deeper structures

Skin functions

• Sensation• Heat regulation• Absorption• Protection • Excretion • Secretion

SHAPES

Skin functions

• Sensory nerve endings react to stimuli such as hot, cold, touch, pain• Sensation• Surface blood vessels constrict or dilate• Heat regulation

• Some fatty substances penetrate into the skin• Absorption

• Anti bacterial action of sweat and sebum• Protection

• Waste substances are removed in sweat• Excretion• Sebum is secreted• Secretion

Skin types

• Oily skin

• Looks sallow and dull

• Open or large pores• Thick texture• Papules or pustules

present

Dry skin

• Matt appearance• Small pores• Prone to milia and

fine lines• Prone to broken

capillaries• May be flaky

Combination skin

• A combination of oily and dry characteristics

• Mainly oily across nose, forehead and chin

• Dry on cheeks

Skin conditions

• Sensitive• Seborrhoeic (extremely oily)• Comedones• Poor elasticity• Wrinkles• Uneven pigmentation• Broken capillaries• Dehydrated• Milia

Key things to look for in skin analysis

• Colour, glowing or dull• Texture, fine or coarse• Pore size, large or small• Tone, firm and elastic or sagging• Shiny?• Lines, fine or deep• Irregularities, scars or moles • Broken capillaries

Contraindications/restrictions

• Bruises

• Severe eczema or psoriasis

• Recent scar tissue

• Cuts and abrasions

• Hypersensitive skin

Skin disease

• Any abnormal condition of the skin

• All diseases can be attributed to causes , known or unknown that include heredity , environment, infection or diet

Skin infection

This is the invasion of the skin by microorganisms

• Bacteria

• Virus

• Fungus

Skin disorder

The disruption of normal skin function

• This may include conditions such as psoriasis whereby skin cells reproduce too quickly

Contraindications to facial

• Herpes simplex

(viral infection)

Herpes zoster

• Viral infection

Common wart

• Viral infection

Flat wart

• Viral infection

Contraindications

• Impetigo

(bacterial infection)

Boil (furuncle)

• Bacterial infection of a hair follicle

Carbuncle

• Bacterial infection of hair follicles

Pseudo folliculitis

Contraindications

• Conjunctivitis

(bacterial infection)

Contraindications

• Sty

(bacterial infection of lash follicle)

Contraindications

• Ringworm

(fungal infection)

Tinea corporis

Tinea capitis

Tinea versicolour

Contraindications

• Inflamed acne

Acne vulgaris

Acne rosacea

Contraindications

• Sun burn

Contraindication / restriction

• Skin tags

Contraindication

• Swollen lymph nodes

Scabies

• infestation

Hyper pigmentation/chloasma

Chloasma

Hypo pigmentation/vitiligo

Vitiligo

Freckles /ephilides

Lentigo

Albinism

Keloids

Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra(flesh moles)

Spider naevi

Capillary naevi/strawberry mark

Port wine stain

Eczema

Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a skin condition that causes red, flaky, crusty patches of skin covered with silvery scales. The condition is not infectious.

Dermatitis

Allergic reaction

Allergic reaction

Thickened Stratum Corneum