semantics: special topics. n mood: semantics: special topics n mood: –not the same as grammatical...

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Not the same as grammatical mood Not the same as grammatical mood

(indicative, passive, subjunctive)(indicative, passive, subjunctive)

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Not the same as grammatical mood Not the same as grammatical mood

(indicative, passive, subjunctive)(indicative, passive, subjunctive)– Semantic mood has major and minor Semantic mood has major and minor

components.components.

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Major moods:Major moods:

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Major moods:Major moods:

DeclarativeDeclarative

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Major moods:Major moods:

DeclarativeDeclarative– Bill has a red carBill has a red car

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Major moods:Major moods:

DeclarativeDeclarative– Bill has a red carBill has a red car

ImperativeImperative

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Major moods:Major moods:

DeclarativeDeclarative– Bill has a red carBill has a red car

ImperativeImperative– Buy Bill’s red car before he sells it to Sally.Buy Bill’s red car before he sells it to Sally.

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Major moods:Major moods:

DeclarativeDeclarative– Bill has a red carBill has a red car

ImperativeImperative– Buy Bill’s red car before he sells it to Sally.Buy Bill’s red car before he sells it to Sally.

Yes/No interrogativesYes/No interrogatives

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Major moods:Major moods:

DeclarativeDeclarative– Bill has a red carBill has a red car

ImperativeImperative– Buy Bill’s red car before he sells it to Sally.Buy Bill’s red car before he sells it to Sally.

Yes/No interrogativesYes/No interrogatives– Is this Bill’s red car?Is this Bill’s red car?

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Major moods:Major moods:

DeclarativeDeclarative– Bill has a red carBill has a red car

ImperativeImperative– Buy Bill’s red car before he sells it to Sally.Buy Bill’s red car before he sells it to Sally.

Yes/No interrogativesYes/No interrogatives– Is this Bill’s red car?Is this Bill’s red car?

Wh-interrogativesWh-interrogatives

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Major moods:Major moods:

DeclarativeDeclarative– Bill has a red carBill has a red car

ImperativeImperative– Buy Bill’s red car before he sells it to Sally.Buy Bill’s red car before he sells it to Sally.

Yes/No interrogativesYes/No interrogatives– Is this Bill’s red car?Is this Bill’s red car?

Wh-interrogativesWh-interrogatives– Who is buying Bill’s red car?Who is buying Bill’s red car?

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Minor moodsMinor moods

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Minor moodsMinor moods

Tag declarativeTag declarative

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Minor moodsMinor moods

Tag declarativeTag declarative– You’ve been biting your nails again, haven’t You’ve been biting your nails again, haven’t

you?you?

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Minor moodsMinor moods

Tag declarativeTag declarative– You’ve been biting your nails again, haven’t You’ve been biting your nails again, haven’t

you?you? Tag imperativeTag imperative

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Minor moodsMinor moods

Tag declarativeTag declarative– You’ve been biting your nails again, haven’t You’ve been biting your nails again, haven’t

you?you? Tag imperativeTag imperative

– Leave the room, will you!Leave the room, will you!

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Minor moodsMinor moods

Tag declarativeTag declarative– You’ve been biting your nails again, haven’t You’ve been biting your nails again, haven’t

you?you? Tag imperativeTag imperative

– Leave the room, will you!Leave the room, will you! Pseudo-imperativePseudo-imperative

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Minor moodsMinor moods

Tag declarativeTag declarative– You’ve been biting your nails again, haven’t You’ve been biting your nails again, haven’t

you?you? Tag imperativeTag imperative

– Leave the room, will you!Leave the room, will you! Pseudo-imperativePseudo-imperative

– Move and I’ll shoot! Move, or I’ll shoot!!Move and I’ll shoot! Move, or I’ll shoot!!

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Minor moodsMinor moods

Tag declarativeTag declarative– You’ve been biting your nails again, haven’t You’ve been biting your nails again, haven’t

you?you? Tag imperativeTag imperative

– Leave the room, will you!Leave the room, will you! Pseudo-imperativePseudo-imperative

– Move and I’ll shoot! Move, or I’ll shoot!!Move and I’ll shoot! Move, or I’ll shoot!! Alternative questionAlternative question

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Minor moodsMinor moods

Tag declarativeTag declarative– You’ve been biting your nails again, haven’t you?You’ve been biting your nails again, haven’t you?

Tag imperativeTag imperative– Leave the room, will you!Leave the room, will you!

Pseudo-imperativePseudo-imperative– Move and I’ll shoot! Move, or I’ll shoot!!Move and I’ll shoot! Move, or I’ll shoot!!

Alternative questionAlternative question– Does John resemble hisDoes John resemble his father father or his mother? or his mother?

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Minor moodsMinor moods

Tag declarativeTag declarative– You’ve been biting your nails again, haven’t you?You’ve been biting your nails again, haven’t you?

Tag imperativeTag imperative– Leave the room, will you!Leave the room, will you!

Pseudo-imperativePseudo-imperative– Move and I’ll shoot! Move, or I’ll shoot!!Move and I’ll shoot! Move, or I’ll shoot!!

Alternative questionAlternative question– Does John resemble hisDoes John resemble his father father or his mother? or his mother?

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Minor moods con’tMinor moods con’t

OptativeOptative

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Minor moods con’tMinor moods con’t

OptativeOptative– May he rest in peace.May he rest in peace.

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Minor moods con’tMinor moods con’t

OptativeOptative– May he rest in peace.May he rest in peace.

““One more” sentenceOne more” sentence

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Minor moods con’tMinor moods con’t

OptativeOptative– May he rest in peace.May he rest in peace.

““One more” sentenceOne more” sentence– One more beer and I’ll leaveOne more beer and I’ll leave

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Minor moods con’tMinor moods con’t

OptativeOptative– May he rest in peace.May he rest in peace.

““One more” sentenceOne more” sentence– One more beer and I’ll leaveOne more beer and I’ll leave

CurseCurse

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Minor moods con’tMinor moods con’t

OptativeOptative– May he rest in peace.May he rest in peace.

““One more” sentenceOne more” sentence– One more beer and I’ll leaveOne more beer and I’ll leave

CurseCurse– You pig, bag of wind, ...You pig, bag of wind, ...

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Minor moods con’tMinor moods con’t

OptativeOptative– May he rest in peace.May he rest in peace.

““One more” sentenceOne more” sentence– One more beer and I’ll leaveOne more beer and I’ll leave

CurseCurse– You pig, bag of wind, …You pig, bag of wind, …

ExclamativeExclamative

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Minor moods con’tMinor moods con’t

OptativeOptative– May he rest in peace.May he rest in peace.

““One more” sentenceOne more” sentence– One more beer and I’ll leaveOne more beer and I’ll leave

CurseCurse– You pig, bag of wind, …You pig, bag of wind, …

ExclamativeExclamative– What a nice day!What a nice day!

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Mood can be further explained or Mood can be further explained or

combined. Examples from the combined. Examples from the interrogative moods:interrogative moods:

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Mood:Mood:– Mood can be further explained or Mood can be further explained or

combined. Examples from the combined. Examples from the interrogative moods:interrogative moods:

When was the battle of Waterloo? (exam When was the battle of Waterloo? (exam question)question)

Is the Pope Catholic? (rhetorical)Is the Pope Catholic? (rhetorical) What should I do now? (request for advice)What should I do now? (request for advice) Why don’t you go to blazes? (curse)Why don’t you go to blazes? (curse) O Death, where is thy sting (poetic)O Death, where is thy sting (poetic)

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Singular and General quality of Singular and General quality of words and phraseswords and phrases

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Singular and General quality of Singular and General quality of words and phraseswords and phrases– General: terms of general use - General: terms of general use -

red denotes red: a red car, a red letter red denotes red: a red car, a red letter day, a red faced swain.day, a red faced swain.

Semantics: Special TopicsSemantics: Special Topics

Singular and General quality of words and Singular and General quality of words and phrasesphrases– General: terms of general use - General: terms of general use -

red denotes red: a red car, a red letter day, a red red denotes red: a red car, a red letter day, a red faced swain.faced swain.

– SingularSingular Deictics (now, here, yesterday)Deictics (now, here, yesterday) Proper names (Paris, Édith Piaf, Cesaria Evora, Proper names (Paris, Édith Piaf, Cesaria Evora,

Center for Disease Control)Center for Disease Control) Definite Descriptions (the book on the table, the Definite Descriptions (the book on the table, the

woman in the red dress)woman in the red dress)

SemanticsSemantics