self-driving cars & data collection · time it encountered a self-driving car. uncomfortable...

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Self-driving Cars & Data Collection

Privacy Perceptions of

Networked Autonomous Vehicles

___________________________

Cara Bloom, Joshua Tan, Javed Ramjohn, Lujo Bauer

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Why networked autonomous vehicle (AV) privacy?

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Why networked AV privacy? 1.  Data collection

capabilities

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Why networked AV privacy? 1.  Data collection capabilities

2.  Operated by a private company

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Why networked AV privacy? 1.  Data collection capabilities 2.  Operated by a private

company

3.  Collection of physical information in public

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Research Goal Discover what is ‘reasonable’ data collection and use for autonomous vehicle (AV) fleets

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Research Goal 1.  What do people think

AV fleets are capable of?

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Research Goal 1.  What do people think AV

fleets are capable of?

2.  How comfortable are people with AV fleet capabilities?

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Research Goal 1.  What do people think AV

fleets are capable of? 2.  How comfortable are

people with AV fleet capabilities?

3.  How much effort would people expend to opt out?

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Up Next 1.  Study Design 2.  Findings 3.  Policy Applications

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Study Design -  Exploratory online

survey

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Study Design -  Exploratory online

survey

-  Privacy primed & unprimed groups

Privacy Priming Scenarios

Secondary Uses

Perceiving People

Perceiving Vehicles

Primary Uses

Image Capture

Aggregation &

Storage

Specific Incident Analysis

Continuous Analysis

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Recognition Identification Tracking

Recognition Identification Tracking

Privacy Priming Scenarios

Secondary Uses

Perceiving People

Perceiving Vehicles

Primary Uses

Image Capture

Aggregation &

Storage

Specific Incident Analysis

Continuous Analysis

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Recognition Identification Tracking

Recognition Identification Tracking

Necessary for autonomous navigation

Privacy Priming Scenarios

Secondary Uses

Perceiving People

Perceiving Vehicles

Primary Uses

Image Capture

Aggregation &

Storage

Specific Incident Analysis

Continuous Analysis

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Recognition Identification Tracking

Recognition Identification Tracking

Privacy Priming Scenarios

Secondary Uses

Perceiving People

Perceiving Vehicles

Primary Uses

Image Capture

Aggregation &

Storage

Specific Incident Analysis

Continuous Analysis

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Recognition Identification Tracking

Recognition Identification Tracking

Non-necessary. Can be achieved with same sensors.

Privacy Priming Scenarios

Secondary Uses

Perceiving People

Perceiving Vehicles

Primary Uses

Image Capture

Aggregation &

Storage

Specific Incident Analysis

Continuous Analysis

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Recognition Identification Tracking

Recognition Identification Tracking

Privacy Priming Scenarios

Secondary Uses

Perceiving People

Perceiving Vehicles

Primary Uses

Image Capture

Aggregation &

Storage

Specific Incident Analysis

Continuous Analysis

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Recognition Identification Tracking

Recognition Identification Tracking

Survey Questionnaire

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Likelihood of currently occurring

Comfort if currently occurring

Survey Questionnaire

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Likelihood of currently occurring

Comfort if currently occurring

General AV questions

Effort to opt out

Bias against Uber &

demographics

Survey Questionnaire

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Likelihood of currently occurring

Comfort if currently occurring

General AV questions

Effort to opt out

Bias against Uber &

demographics

Seen by Primed Group

Survey Questionnaire

Likelihood of currently occurring

Comfort if currently occurring

General AV questions

Effort to opt out

Bias against Uber &

demographics

Seen by Primed Group

Seen by Unprimed Group

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Study Design -  Exploratory online

survey -  Privacy primed &

unprimed groups

-  Pittsburgh & four similar cities

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Recruitment -  Ads on Craigslist -  Posts on city

Subreddits -  Posters Pittsburgh only

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302 Participants -  60% male -  25% in tech fields -  Avg. age 34 [18, 79]

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Question: What do people think networked fleets of autonomous vehicles are capable of?

Privacy Questions

Secondary Uses

Perceiving People

Perceiving Vehicles

Primary Uses

Image Capture

Aggregation &

Storage

Specific Incident Analysis

Continuous Analysis

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Recognition Identification Tracking

Recognition Identification Tracking

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Likelihood of Technical Capability

Primary Uses

Secondary Uses

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Likelihood of Technical Capability

How  likely  do  you  think  this  scenario  is  to  be  happening  now?      

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Likelihood of Technical Capability

How  likely  do  you  think  this  scenario  is  to  be  happening  now?      

Q13.  A  self-­‐driving  car  recognizes  a  vehicle  that  has  been  seen  by  another  self-­‐driving  car  in  the  fleet    

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Likelihood of Technical Capability

How  likely  do  you  think  this  scenario  is  to  be  happening  now?      

Q13.  A  self-­‐driving  car  recognizes  a  vehicle  that  has  been  seen  by  another  self-­‐driving  car  in  the  fleet    

For  example:  Uber  knows  that  different  self-­‐driving  cars  encountered  the  same  vehicle  on  different  days,  but  does  not  know  who  owns  the  vehicle        

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Likelihood of Technical Capability

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Likelihood of Technical Capability

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Difference  between  primary  &  secondary  uses  

Likelihood of Technical Capability

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Likelihood of Technical Capability

22%  

46%  

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ParTcipant  misconcepTons  

Likelihood of Technical Capability

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Likelihood of Technical Capability

ParTcipant  misconcepTons  

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Question: How comfortable are people with these potential capabilities?

Secondary Uses

Perceiving People

Perceiving Vehicles

Primary Uses

Image Capture

Aggregation &

Storage

Specific Incident Analysis

Continuous Analysis

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Recognition Identification Tracking

Recognition Identification Tracking

Comfort with Capability Scenarios

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Comfort with Capability Scenarios  

How  comfortable  are  you  with  the  scenario?        

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Comfort with Capability Scenarios

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Comfort with Capability Scenarios

DifferenTaTon  is  less  clear  than  for  

likelihood  quesTons  

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Comfort with Capability Scenarios

DifferenTaTon  is  less  clear  than  for  

likelihood  quesTons  

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ExcepTon:  recogniTon  of  

vehicles  

Comfort with Capability Scenarios

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Very Uncomfortable

Q25. I would feel _______ if my car was tracked each time it encountered a self-driving car.

Uncomfortable Neutral Comfortable

Why are people (un)comfortable?

Very Uncomfortable Uncomfortable C VC Neutral

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Why are people comfortable?

Reasonable benefit

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Why are people comfortable?

Reasonable benefit Ubiquity

 P52:  “Phones  are  tracking  in  the  same  sense”        

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Why are people uncomfortable?

 P107:  “Massive  privacy  invasion.  

Not  necessary  for  Uber  to  navigate  their  cars.”  

Necessary for AVs

Ubiquity Reasonable benefit

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Why are people uncomfortable?

Necessity for AVs Consent

Ubiquity Reasonable benefit

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Question: How much effort would people expend to opt out?

Q36. How many minutes would you spend in the system to successfully opt out?

Effort to Opt Out

0 1-5 5-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 >30 Minutes

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

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Only Priming had a significant effect on opt-out time

(M-W U = 9847.5, p=.02)

Q36. How many minutes would you spend in the system to successfully opt out?

Effort to Opt Out

0 1-5 5-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 >30 Minutes

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

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In the Paper: -  More correlation

tests -  Comparison of

privacy and safety comfort

-  Uber-related exposure and bias

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Takeaways

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Takeaways 1.  People differentiate

between primary and secondary data uses

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Takeaways 1.  People differentiate

between primary and secondary uses

2.  Justifications focused on necessity, consent, and ubiquity

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Takeaways 1-2: Policy Application

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Takeaways 1-2: Policy Application Primary uses are reasonable, while secondary uses are not

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Takeaways 1-2: Policy Application Primary uses are reasonable, while secondary uses are not Possible Exception: Recognition of vehicles

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Takeaways 3.  Misconceptions about

new information

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Takeaways 3.  Misconceptions about

new information 4.  Priming had the only

significant effect on effort to opt-out

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Takeaways 3-4: Policy Application People will likely react strongly to conversations about autonomous vehicle privacy

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Takeaways 3-4: Policy Application People will likely react strongly to conversations about autonomous vehicle privacy

And, it may be difficult to relay accurate information

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The Big Picture -  Companies should

self-regulate

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The Big Picture -  Companies should

self-regulate .. to get ahead of the narrative .. to fulfill reasonable expectations

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The Big Picture -  Companies should

self-regulate

-  Policy should restrict secondary uses of AV-collected information

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The Big Picture -  Companies should

self-regulate

-  Policy should restrict secondary uses of AV-collected information

Self-driving Cars & Data Collection

Privacy Perceptions of

Networked Autonomous Vehicles

___________________________

Cara Bloom, Joshua Tan, Javed Ramjohn, Lujo Bauer

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Exposure  to  Uber  &  AV  technology  -­‐  78%  Pgh  and  42%  non-­‐Pgh  were  exposed  to  media  

-­‐  64%  Pgh  and  3%  non-­‐Pgh  had  seen  one  as  a  pedestrian  

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Bias  against  Uber  -­‐  17%  would  have  answered  differently  if  Uber  hadn’t  been  the  example  

-­‐  18%  would  trust  a  different  AV  company  over  Uber  to  have  their  best  interests  in  mind  

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Radar

Front facing cameras

Side and rear cameras

GPS and wireless data

Data processing and storage

LiDAR

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Progression of General Scenarios

General Proximity

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Walking Near

Driving Near

Cycling Near

Being Near in Snow Riding In

Changes in Job Market

Image Capture

Aggregation & Analysis

Accident Liability

Becoming More Common

General Privacy

24%   61%  

85%   77%   30%  

25%