rhetoric plato: rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse."

Rhetoric Rhetoric Plato: Plato: Rhetoric is Rhetoric is "the art of winning "the art of winning

the soul by the soul by discourse."discourse."

RhetoricRhetoric   

Aristotle:Aristotle: Rhetoric is Rhetoric is "the faculty of "the faculty of

discovering in any discovering in any particular case all of the particular case all of the

availableavailablemeans of persuasion.means of persuasion.

RhetoricRhetoric Francis Bacon: Francis Bacon: Rhetoric Rhetoric

is the application of is the application of reason to imagination reason to imagination

"for the better "for the better

moving of the will."moving of the will."

RhetoricRhetoric The study or art of The study or art of

using language using language persuasively and persuasively and

effectively. effectively.

Applying RhetoricApplying RhetoricA child asks his A child asks his parents why he has parents why he has to go to bed. to go to bed.

AristotleAristotleLogos: Because you’re Logos: Because you’re growing. You need your growing. You need your rest. You had a long day rest. You had a long day today. You want to be today. You want to be ready for Disneyland ready for Disneyland tomorrow.tomorrow.

AristotleAristotlePathos: Because the Pathos: Because the boogey man and the boogey man and the monster that lives in monster that lives in your closet will get you your closet will get you and because Santa won’t and because Santa won’t bring you any toys.bring you any toys.

AristotleAristotleEthos: Because, as Ethos: Because, as you know, I love you you know, I love you and want the best for and want the best for you, and I said so.you, and I said so.

AristotleAristotleEthos:Ethos: The The writer’s/speaker’s writer’s/speaker’s character or imagecharacter or image

Logos:Logos: Logical Arguments Logical ArgumentsPathos:Pathos: The emotions of The emotions of the audiencethe audience

Appeals present in Appeals present in arguments:arguments:

Follow along on your Follow along on your handoutshandouts

EthosEthos so let’s pretind that I am givin so let’s pretind that I am givin

this presentation on rhetoric this presentation on rhetoric to y’all and my slide luks like to y’all and my slide luks like this…do you beleive me! Why this…do you beleive me! Why should you right? LOL—haha.should you right? LOL—haha.

R U taking me serioulsy yet?R U taking me serioulsy yet? As a teecher, do you beleive As a teecher, do you beleive

what i am saying? what i am saying?

Writer must keep Purpose in Writer must keep Purpose in mind:mind:

support a support a causecause

promote a promote a changechange

refute a refute a theorytheory

stimulate stimulate interestinterest

win agreementwin agreement arouse arouse

sympathysympathy provoke anger.provoke anger.

Writer must keep AUDIENCE in Writer must keep AUDIENCE in mind:mind:

Who exactly is the audience?Who exactly is the audience? What do they know?What do they know? What do they believe?What do they believe? What do they expect?What do they expect? How will my audience How will my audience disagree with me?disagree with me?

Writer must keep AUDIENCE in Writer must keep AUDIENCE in mind:mind:

What will they want me to What will they want me to address or answer?address or answer?

How can I—or should I—use How can I—or should I—use jargon?jargon?

Should I use language that is Should I use language that is formal, factual, and objective; or formal, factual, and objective; or familiar, anecdotal, and familiar, anecdotal, and personal?personal?

Ways to persuade:Ways to persuade:

Rhetorical Tropes Rhetorical Tropes and Schemesand Schemes

Ways to persuadeWays to persuade AntithesisAntithesis AphorismAphorism ApostropheApostrophe ChiasmusChiasmus Cliche’Cliche’ HyperboleHyperbole IronyIrony MetaphorMetaphor Metonym Metonym

OnomatopoeiaOnomatopoeia ParadoxParadox Parallelism Parallelism ParalipsisParalipsis PersonificationPersonification Rhetorical QuestionRhetorical Question SynaesthesiaSynaesthesia SynecdocheSynecdoche

Ways to persuadeWays to persuadeAllusionAllusionAnaphoraAnaphoraPolysyndetPolysyndetonon

AsyndetonAsyndeton

Epistrophe Epistrophe

RepetitionRepetition

AlliterationAlliteration

ConsonanceConsonance

Logical fallaciesLogical fallacies

ad hominem ad hominem fallacyfallacy: Attacking a : Attacking a person’s characterperson’s character

Logical fallaciesLogical fallacies

ad populumad populum fallacy fallacy: “to : “to the crowd,” a the crowd,” a

misconception that a misconception that a widespread occurrence of widespread occurrence of

something is assumed something is assumed

Logical fallaciesLogical fallaciescircular reasoningcircular reasoning: trying : trying

to prove one idea with to prove one idea with another idea that is too another idea that is too similar to the first idea; similar to the first idea;

such logicalsuch logical

ways moves backwards ways moves backwards in its attempt to move in its attempt to move

forwardforward

Logical fallaciesLogical fallacies

either/or either/or reasoningreasoning: the : the

tendency to see an tendency to see an issue as having issue as having only two sidesonly two sides

Logical fallaciesLogical fallacieshasty generalizationhasty generalization: : drawing a general drawing a general

and premature and premature conclusion on the conclusion on the

basis of only one or basis of only one or two cases two cases

Logical fallaciesLogical fallaciesnon sequiturnon sequitur: “it : “it

does not follow,” an does not follow,” an inference or inference or

conclusion that does conclusion that does not follow from not follow from

established established