rhetoric plato: rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse."

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Rhetoric Rhetoric Plato: Plato: Rhetoric is Rhetoric is "the art of "the art of winning the soul winning the soul by discourse." by discourse."

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Page 1: Rhetoric Plato: Rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse."

Rhetoric Rhetoric Plato: Plato: Rhetoric is Rhetoric is "the art of winning "the art of winning

the soul by the soul by discourse."discourse."

  

Page 2: Rhetoric Plato: Rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse."

RhetoricRhetoric   

Aristotle:Aristotle: Rhetoric is Rhetoric is "the faculty of "the faculty of

discovering in any discovering in any particular case all of the particular case all of the

availableavailablemeans of persuasion.means of persuasion.

Page 3: Rhetoric Plato: Rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse."

RhetoricRhetoric Francis Bacon: Francis Bacon: Rhetoric Rhetoric

is the application of is the application of reason to imagination reason to imagination

"for the better "for the better

moving of the will."moving of the will."

Page 4: Rhetoric Plato: Rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse."

RhetoricRhetoric The study or art of The study or art of

using language using language persuasively and persuasively and

effectively. effectively.

Page 5: Rhetoric Plato: Rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse."

Applying RhetoricApplying RhetoricA child asks his A child asks his parents why he has parents why he has to go to bed. to go to bed.

Page 6: Rhetoric Plato: Rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse."

AristotleAristotleLogos: Because you’re Logos: Because you’re growing. You need your growing. You need your rest. You had a long day rest. You had a long day today. You want to be today. You want to be ready for Disneyland ready for Disneyland tomorrow.tomorrow.

Page 7: Rhetoric Plato: Rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse."

AristotleAristotlePathos: Because the Pathos: Because the boogey man and the boogey man and the monster that lives in monster that lives in your closet will get you your closet will get you and because Santa won’t and because Santa won’t bring you any toys.bring you any toys.

Page 8: Rhetoric Plato: Rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse."

AristotleAristotleEthos: Because, as Ethos: Because, as you know, I love you you know, I love you and want the best for and want the best for you, and I said so.you, and I said so.

Page 9: Rhetoric Plato: Rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse."

AristotleAristotleEthos:Ethos: The The writer’s/speaker’s writer’s/speaker’s character or imagecharacter or image

Logos:Logos: Logical Arguments Logical ArgumentsPathos:Pathos: The emotions of The emotions of the audiencethe audience

Page 10: Rhetoric Plato: Rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse."

Appeals present in Appeals present in arguments:arguments:

Follow along on your Follow along on your handoutshandouts

Page 11: Rhetoric Plato: Rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse."

EthosEthos so let’s pretind that I am givin so let’s pretind that I am givin

this presentation on rhetoric this presentation on rhetoric to y’all and my slide luks like to y’all and my slide luks like this…do you beleive me! Why this…do you beleive me! Why should you right? LOL—haha.should you right? LOL—haha.

R U taking me serioulsy yet?R U taking me serioulsy yet? As a teecher, do you beleive As a teecher, do you beleive

what i am saying? what i am saying?

Page 12: Rhetoric Plato: Rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse."

Writer must keep Purpose in Writer must keep Purpose in mind:mind:

support a support a causecause

promote a promote a changechange

refute a refute a theorytheory

stimulate stimulate interestinterest

win agreementwin agreement arouse arouse

sympathysympathy provoke anger.provoke anger.

Page 13: Rhetoric Plato: Rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse."

Writer must keep AUDIENCE in Writer must keep AUDIENCE in mind:mind:

Who exactly is the audience?Who exactly is the audience? What do they know?What do they know? What do they believe?What do they believe? What do they expect?What do they expect? How will my audience How will my audience disagree with me?disagree with me?

Page 14: Rhetoric Plato: Rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse."

Writer must keep AUDIENCE in Writer must keep AUDIENCE in mind:mind:

What will they want me to What will they want me to address or answer?address or answer?

How can I—or should I—use How can I—or should I—use jargon?jargon?

Should I use language that is Should I use language that is formal, factual, and objective; or formal, factual, and objective; or familiar, anecdotal, and familiar, anecdotal, and personal?personal?

Page 15: Rhetoric Plato: Rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse."

Ways to persuade:Ways to persuade:

Rhetorical Tropes Rhetorical Tropes and Schemesand Schemes

Page 16: Rhetoric Plato: Rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse."

Ways to persuadeWays to persuade AntithesisAntithesis AphorismAphorism ApostropheApostrophe ChiasmusChiasmus Cliche’Cliche’ HyperboleHyperbole IronyIrony MetaphorMetaphor Metonym Metonym

OnomatopoeiaOnomatopoeia ParadoxParadox Parallelism Parallelism ParalipsisParalipsis PersonificationPersonification Rhetorical QuestionRhetorical Question SynaesthesiaSynaesthesia SynecdocheSynecdoche

Page 17: Rhetoric Plato: Rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse."

Ways to persuadeWays to persuadeAllusionAllusionAnaphoraAnaphoraPolysyndetPolysyndetonon

AsyndetonAsyndeton

Epistrophe Epistrophe

RepetitionRepetition

AlliterationAlliteration

ConsonanceConsonance

Page 18: Rhetoric Plato: Rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse."

Logical fallaciesLogical fallacies

ad hominem ad hominem fallacyfallacy: Attacking a : Attacking a person’s characterperson’s character

Page 19: Rhetoric Plato: Rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse."

Logical fallaciesLogical fallacies

ad populumad populum fallacy fallacy: “to : “to the crowd,” a the crowd,” a

misconception that a misconception that a widespread occurrence of widespread occurrence of

something is assumed something is assumed

Page 20: Rhetoric Plato: Rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse."

Logical fallaciesLogical fallaciescircular reasoningcircular reasoning: trying : trying

to prove one idea with to prove one idea with another idea that is too another idea that is too similar to the first idea; similar to the first idea;

such logicalsuch logical

ways moves backwards ways moves backwards in its attempt to move in its attempt to move

forwardforward

Page 21: Rhetoric Plato: Rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse."

Logical fallaciesLogical fallacies

either/or either/or reasoningreasoning: the : the

tendency to see an tendency to see an issue as having issue as having only two sidesonly two sides

Page 22: Rhetoric Plato: Rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse."

Logical fallaciesLogical fallacieshasty generalizationhasty generalization: : drawing a general drawing a general

and premature and premature conclusion on the conclusion on the

basis of only one or basis of only one or two cases two cases

Page 23: Rhetoric Plato: Rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse."

Logical fallaciesLogical fallaciesnon sequiturnon sequitur: “it : “it

does not follow,” an does not follow,” an inference or inference or

conclusion that does conclusion that does not follow from not follow from

established established

Page 24: Rhetoric Plato: Rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse."