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ITTO-GMU/ER-02/1999/003A Training Report No. 2A
ITTO Project PO 16/96 Rev.4{F)
EX SITU CONSERVATION OF SHOREA LEPROSULA AND
LOPHOPETALUM MULTINERVIUM AND THEIR USE FOR
FUTURE BREEDING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
TRAINING IN CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT
OF GENETIC RESOURCES
YOGYAKARTA, 19-23 MARCH 1999
PART I
FACULTY OF FORESTRY
GADJAH MADA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
1999
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Foreword
This report is published as a result of the first training organized by the Project. As
part of the Project activities on transfer of technology three training courses will be
organized in Year I with the assistance of the International Experts invited as
consultants to the Project.
The training activities cater the needs of human resource development for the people
involved in the Project activities.
The training in Conservation and Management of Genetic Resources was attended
by 19 participants consisting of 11 persons from the Forest Enterprises and 8
persons were junior teaching staff of the Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada
University.
The training is funded by ITIO in cooperation with Perum Perhutani and PT. Inhutani
I-V, the State Forest Enterprises of Indonesia.
Yogyakarta, April 1999
Prof. Oemi Hani'in Suseno
Chairperson of ITIO Project
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Table of Contents
Part I. Management and Evaluation
1. Introduction ........................................................................................ 1
2. The rationale ...................................................................................... 1
3. Venue and Dates ........ ............... ....... .............. ............. ...................... 2
4. Objectives... ................. ....................... .............. ........ ......................... 2
5. Organization ........ ............ ............... ...... ................. ................... ......... 3
6. Opening Session .............. ........ .................... ....... .................... .......... 3
7. Participants........................................................................................ 3
8. Programs ............... ............................. ....... ....... ..... ................. ........... 3
9. Training Activities ........................ ......... ................... ........................... 4
10. Closing Session ..................................... ................ .......... ......... ......... 4
11. Evaluation of the Training .................................................................. 4
Appendices:
I. The Opening Program and Speeches
11. List of Participants
Ill. Schedule of Activities
IV. List of Resource Persons
V. The Closing Program and Speeches
VI. Evaluation
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Training in Conservation and Management of Genetic Resources
Introduction
Ex situ conservation refers to the conservation of components of biological diversity
outside their natural habitats. Ex situ genetic conservation is achieved by preservation
of samples of plant genetic resources in gene collections or gene banks.
ITIO project PO 16/96 Rev.4(F) on ex situ conservation of two selected species and
their use for future breeding and biotechnology initiates fundamental research activities
that will: (1) avert a decline in the genetic variability within Shorea JeprosuJa and
LophopetaJum muJtinervium, and (2) use these genetic collections for more efficient
breeding and biotechnology programs in the future.
The expected outputs of this project may be used to meet policy and to develop ex situ
conservation action plans with sound scientific foundations. One of the projects output
will also be utilized as a model for the demonstration of establishment of ex situ
conservation plantations.
One of the specific objectives of the project is to create effective programs of education
and technology transfer that may be used to train appropriate personnel in methods for
ex situ conservation of tropical forest tree.
To achieve the objective, the ITIO project invited young scientists from the forest
enterprises and the university who are involved in the project implementation to
participate in this training to acquire a better understanding of various aspects of ex situ
conservation.
The Rationale
The Tropical Rain Forest of Indonesia is widely acknowledged as one of the most
species rich and complex terrestrial ecosystems in the world. It is also known as a
Center of biological diversity and a Center of endemism and, therefore, Indonesia
is also acknowledged as containing Mega Diversity. The global interests in this
ecosystem are in part stimUlated by the recognition that the Tropical Rain Forest is a
treasure house of potentially useful species, whether as a gene pool of domesticated
Report of the Training in Conservation and Management of Genetic Resources Yogyakarta. 19-23 March 1999
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species, as a source of timber or minor forest products, or biologically active
compounds.
The Indonesian Tropical Rain Forest flora is still poorly studied, but on the otherhand,
this biological diversity is being threatened by processes of de-forestation, over
exploitation, illegal cutting, and fire. Aware that biological diversity and genetic
resources are being significantly reduced by certain human activities, specific actions
have to be taken.
Sustainable forest management needs to attain a balance between the wise use of
resources and their conservation. The global concern for conservation of forest genetic
resources has led to a call for action to conserve, manage and sustainably these
genetic resources (FAO, 1997). The call for action to conserve genetic resources
involves not only preventing extinction but also ensuring the availability of resources for
future use through adaptations to changing environments (Namkoong, 1997).
Recognizing the limitations of existing management capability and personnel available
to implement the IITO project PD 16/96 Rev.4(F}, the project personnel with technical
assistance from Oregon State University, organized a Training Workshop in
Conservation and Management of Genetic Resources.
During the Training Workshop, the trainees were given recent developments of both in
situ & ex situ conservation from both theoretical and practical viewpoints, the
technique of isoenzyme analyses for genetic conservation, and a review of tree
improvement. The major concerns of this Training Workshop are the theoretical and
practical aspects of the conservation and management of forest genetic resources,
and the production of high quality forest plantations in the future.
Venue and Dates
The training was held at Radisson Yogya Plaza Hotel, Yogyakarta, from 19 to 23
March 1999.
Objectives
At the end of the training, the participants would:
1. Have gained a better understanding on the concept of ex situ conservation
2. Have gained a better understanding of the importance of conserving genetic
resources
3. Have gained a better understanding of the linkages between conservation and
breeding
Report of the Training in Conservation and Management of Genetic Resources Yogyakarta. 19-23 March 1999
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4. Have gained a better understanding of the objectives, goals, and procedures of the
IITO project.
Organization
The training was organized by IITO Project PO 16/96 Rev.4(F) based at the Faculty of
Forestry, Gadjah Mada University, with a guest lecturer from the College of Forestry,
Oregon State University, USA.
Opening Session
The training on Ex situ Conservation and Management of Genetic Resources was
officially opened on Tuesday, 19 March 1999. The opening remarks were made by
Prof. Oemi Hani'in Suseno, the Chairperson of IITO project, followed by remarks by
Prof. Bart A. Thielges, the Course Leader. Another speech was delivered by Dr.
Sambas Sabarnurdin, the Dean of the Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University,
who also declared the training open. The Opening Program and the speeches are
attached as Appendix I
Participants
A total of 19 participants attended the training, consisting of 11 persons from the Forest
Entreprises and 8 persons from the Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University. The
names and addresses of the participants are listed in Appendix 11.
Program
The training program consisted of a series of lectures, a field trip and discussions. The
topics of the lectures, discussions and the field trip are listed below:
Lectures:
1. Introduction to Conserving Forest Resources
2. Overview of Genetic Conservation: theory and strategies
3. In situ Conservation
4. Ex situ Conservation
5. The Application of Isoenzyme Analysis for Breeding and Conservation
6. Forest Tree Breeding
Discussion
1. Discussion of the IITO Project
2. Panel
Report of the Training ;n Conservation and Mallagement of Genetic Resources Yogyakarta. 19-23 March 1999
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Field trip
Field trip to Wanagama, a forest conservation area belongs to Gadjah Mada University
Training Activities
The training activities were mainly lectures and discussions. A field trip was arranged to
show to the participants to the area where conservation of a deforested land has been
successful and also to show an example of test plantations. The schedule of activities
is given in Appendix Ill.
All the lecturers performed their duties very well, by giving relevant information and
techniques to the participants. On the other hand, the participants took full participation
in the lectures by asking a lot of questions. Apparently, language barriers did not
discourage them during the discussion. The names and addresses of the resource
persons are listed as Appendix IV.
Closing Session
After 5 days of intensive deliberations, the training was closed on 23 March 1999. An
overview of the conduct of the training was given by Prof. Bart A. Thielges, the Course
Leader, followed by a remarks by Mr. Sadhardjo Sm as the representative of the
participants. After presentation of the certificates, closing remarks were delivered by
Prof. Oemi Hani'in Suseno, the Chairperson of the ITIO Project. The program of the
closing session is given as Appendix V.
Evaluation of the Training
To acquire feedback from the participants, an evaluation questionnaire was given at
the end of the training. Such evaluation is an important measure of the success of any
activity, and it is a useful input to design future programs. The results of the evaluation
are given as Appendix VI.
Report of the Training in Conservation and Management of Genetic Resollrces Yogyakarta, 19-23 March 1999
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Appendices
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The Opening Progratn and Speeches
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ITTO Project PO 16/96 Rev.4(F)
Training in Conservation of Genetic Resources
Yogyakarta, 19-23 March 1999
Opening Ceremony
09:00 Opening remarks by the Chairperson of ITIO Project
09: 1 0 Remarks by the Course Leader, Prof. Bart A. Thielges
09:20 Remarks and official opening by the Dean of the Faculty of Forestry/the Vice Chairman of PSC, Dr. Moch. Sambas Sabarnurdin, M.Sc
09:30 Introduction of participants and resource persons
Group picture
09:45 Refreshment
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Opening remarks by the Chairperson of ITIO Project
Dr. Moch. Sambas Sabarnurdin, the Dean of the Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University and the Vice Chairman of PSC
Prof. Bart A. Thielges, the Associate Dean of the College of Forestry, Oregon State University, USA
Prof. Soekotjo and Dr. Na'iem, co-resource persons of the training
Dear participants,
Good morning ladies and gentleman. I am very pleased to welcome you to the Training in Conservation and Management of Genetic Resources.
First of all, may I express my sincere appreciation to the Dean of the Faculty of Forestry who will officiate the opening of this training.
This is the first training being organized by IITO project, hosted by the Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University. This training is attended by ....... persons, twelve of them come from the forest enterprises, namely Perum Perhutani, PT. INHUTANII, PT. INHUTANI 11, PT. INHUTANI Ill, PT. INHUTANI IV and PT. INHUTANI V. One person comes from the Forest Tree Improvement Research and Development Centre, and the rest are our young teaching staff who in one way or another involved in ex situ conservation project.
The Course leader is Prof. Bart A. Thielges, an expert in ex situ Conservation from Oregon State University, USA, whom we invited to become our consultant. The other resource persons are the national experts who are directly involved in the project.
The main objective of the training is to introduce the basic concept of ex situ conservation to the participants who are involved in the implementation of the project. By understanding more of the concept, hopefully they will be more aware on the importance of ex situ conservation, and why we should do that.
It is our hope that the participants will not only gain the knowledge, but also have a chance to discuss thoroughly what they have experienced in field, and to compare between the theory and the application, including all the constraints that they have or may encounter during field work.
Finally, may I extend our gratitude to IITO and to the forest enterprises for their financial support so that this training can be organized on time.
Good luck!
Prof. Oemi Hani'in Suseno Chairperson, IITO Project
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Selamat Pagi!
Introductory Remarks
Bart A. Thielges
I'm very pleased to be able to participate in this important event - the first educational
session of our IITO- sponsored project on conservation of genetic resources.
During the past 15 or so years, there has been quite a bit of concern and discussion
about gene conservation programs for tropical tree species, but very little action to date.
I believe, as do my colleagues at the Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University, that it
is time now to begin carefully planned and well executed programs to conserve genetic
variability in tropical hardwood species in Indonesia. We are here at the sponsorship of
the International Tropical Timber Organization (IITO) to discuss, in general, the theory
and practice of conserving plant genetic resources and, in particular, the conservation
strategies for Shore a leprosula and Lophopetalum mUltinervium. I believe that our IITO
Project has the potential to serve as a model for other genetic conservation programs,
not only in Southeast Asia, but also worldwide.
All over the world, precious genetic resources - of both plants and animals - are being
lost to land clearing, natural disasters, and the long-term effects of pollution such as
global climate change. Nowhere is the potential for major losses greater than in the
tropics, where current population growth and agricultural and industrial development are
greatly accelerating these processes. We need to profit from our knowledge of past
population- and development-driven mistakes in the Temperate Zone and from modern
technology to develop strategies that will help us to avoid or to minimize genetic loss or
damage in the tropics.
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Gadjah Mada University and the Government of Indonesia are to be congratulated for
developing this unique project. And ITIO and the Indonesian forest industry must be
applauded for their support and their funding, as well. I consider this project to be
unique not only in terms of its timeliness, scope and size but because it also -
combines genetic conservation and sustainable productivity objectives;
has a strong partnership between the university, government, and industry;
has very long-term goals which include the potential for genetic improvement;
has a major education, training and technology transfer component.
As foresters, it is appropriate for us to have a "stewardship" ethic regarding the lands we
protect and manage. It follows that the conservation of our forest resources, especially
at the level of the genetic variability of the species that comprise the forests, is an issue
to which we must respond individually and as a professional community, as well. It truly
fits into all definitions of "ecosystem management".
This four-day course is intended to provide you with an overview on the need for genetic
conservation and its theory and practice, as well. We also want to review the potential
that genetic conservation presents for future species improvement through selection and
breeding and through genetic transformation. We hope that you will come away from
this session with the feeling that you have learned some new philosophy as well as
some practical technologies.
This ITIO Project and this initial course represent an exciting opportunity for all of us to
participate on the cutting edge of conservation of forest tree genetic resources in the
tropics. I look forward to working with you over the next four days and later, as well, as
together we move this important genetic conservation program forward over the next
three years.
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Remarks by the Dean, Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University
Prof. Oemi Hani'in Suseno, The Chairperson of IITO Project, Prof. Bart A. Thielges,
the Associate Dean, College of Forestry, Oregon State University
Dear participants and resource persons,
It is an honour for me to be here with you to attend the opening ceremony of the
Training in Conservation and Management of Genetic Resources, the first training
ever organized by the IITO Project in Gadjah Mada University.
First of all, may I welcome you to Yogyakarta, the second biggest tourist destination
in Indonesia. Secondly, as the Vice Chairman of the Project Steering Committee of
IITO project, may I extend my special appreciation to Prof. Bart A. Thielges who has
come along way from home to help develop ex situ conservation activities with us.
I am sure that your contribution to the ex sitL! conservation project will highly motivate
the young scientists in implementing their tasks.
We are proud to host the ex situ conservation project as we believe that the result will
give a very significant contribution to the sustainable forest development in
Indonesia, particularly through an efficient way of tropical forest production. May I
take this opportunity to congratulate Prof. Oemi and the group who has been working
very hard to gain the support of IITO for this important project.
I do hope that the participants will enjoy both the scientific as well as the social
interactions during the training.
Now allow me to declare that the training in Conservation and Management of
Genetic Resources is opened
Dr. Moch. Sambas Sabarnurdin, M.Sc
Dean, Faculty of Forestry, GMU
And Vice Chairman of PSC
IITO Project
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List of Participants
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Name Institution Position Office address
Telephone Facsimile E-mail
Name Institution Position Office address
Telephone Facsimile
Name Institution Position Office address
Telephone Facsimile
Name Institution Position Office address
Telephone Facsimile
PARTICIPANTS
Or. Ir. Irsyal Yasman PT.INHUTANII Kepala Biro HTI Gedung Manggala Wanabakti, Blok VII Lt. 12 JI. Gatot Subroto - Jakarta (021)5731724,5731765,5731778 (021) 573 4335 iyasman@cbn.net.id
Rian Winarti, S.Hut PT. INHUTANII Staf Litbang PT. INHUTANII SP HTI Melak JI. Slamet Riyadi No. 2, Samarinda JI. Diponegoro No. 20, Kec. Melak Kab. Kutai (0541) 272 413, (0545) 41191 (0545) 411 97
Ir. Rosilawati PT. INHUTANI 11 Staf khusus 11 Pengamatan & Pengembangan Gedung Manggala Wanabakti Blok VII Lt. 13 JI. Gatot Subroto - Jakarta (021) 573 7094-95 (021) 573 3790
Ir. Usmandoyo PT. INHUTANIII Unit Usaha Kal-Sel Kepala Seksi Pembinaan PT. INHUTANIII Unit Usaha Kalimantan Selatan Stagen PO BOX 102, Kotabaru Pulau Laut, Kalimantan Selatan 72101 (0518) 23479 (0518) 23480
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Name Institution Position Office address
Telephone Facsimile
Name Institution Position
Office address
Telephone Facsimile
Name Institution Position
Office address
Telephone Facsimile E-mail
Name Institution Position Office address
Telephone Facsimile
Ir. Arnanto Nurprabowo, MP PT. INHUTANIIII Staf Siro Perencanaan Jakarta Gedung Manggala Wanabakti Slok VII Lt. 14 JI. Gatot Subroto - Jakarta (021) 570 0304 (021) 5704630
Ir. Redy Setyawan PT.INHUTANIIII Staf PT. INHUTANIIII Sampit Kompleks PT. INHUTANIIII Sampit, Kalimantan Tengah (0531) 21044 (0531) 21044
Ir. Sabaris Wantono PT. INHUTANI IV Head of Jakarta Representative, PT.INHUTANIIV Gedung Manggala Wanabakti Slok VII Lt. 14 JI. Gatot Subroto - Jakarta (021) 572 1292 (021) 572 1293 Ihtjkt@ibm.net
Jr. Dahri Chairudin PT. INHUTANI IV Plh. Kasi Pembinaan Hutan JI. Hangtuah 56 Rengat - Riau (0769) 21687 (0769) 21185
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Name Institution Position Office address
Telephone Facsimile
Name Institution Position Office address
Telephone Facsimile E-mail
Name Institution Position Office address
Telephone Facsimile E-mail
Name Institution Position
Office address Telephone Facsimile E-mail
Ir. Edi Iswahyudi PT. INHUTANI V Field Manager JI. Demang Lebar Daun 5248 Palembang (0711) 317 336 (0711) 317 338
Ir. Sadhardjo Sm, M.Sc Perum Perhutani Kepala Sub Divisi Pengembangan & KLN Gedung Manggala Wanabakti Slok VII Lt. 11 JI. Gatot Subroto - Jakarta (021) 572 1282 (021) 573 3696 renbang@perhutani.co.id
Ir. Pudjorahardjo, M.Sc Perum Perhutani Kepala Divisi Renbang Gedung Manggala Wanabakti Slok VII Lt. 11 JI. Gatot Subroto - Jakarta (021) 572 1282 (021) 573 3696 renbang@perhutani.co.id
Gunawan Wibisono, S.Hut Gadjah Mada University Staf Jurusan Sudi Daya Fakultas Kehutanan UGM Sulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281 (0274) 902 220 (0274) 902 220 fofgmu@ugmgtw.ugm.ac.id
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Name Institution Position
Office address Telephone Facsimile E-mail
Name Institution Position
Office address Telephone Facsimile E-mail
Name Institution Position
Office address Telephone Facsimile E-mail
Name Institution Position
Office address Telephone Facsimile E-mail
Ir. Eny Faridah, M.Sc Gadjah Mada University Staf Jurusan Budi Oaya Fakultas Kehutanan UGM Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281 (0274) 902220 (0274) 902 220 fofgmu@ugmgtw.ugm.ac.id
Ir. Sukirno OP, MP Gadjah Mada University Staf Jurusan Budi Oaya Fakultas Kehutanan UGM Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281 (0274) 901 402 (0274) 902 220 fofgmu@ugmgtw.ugm.ac.id
Ir. Sapto Indrioko, MP Gadjah Mada University Staf Jurusan Budi Daya Fakultas Kehutanan UGM Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281 (0274) 902 220 (0274) 902 220 fofgmu@ugmgtw.ugm.ac.id
Ir. Dwi T. Adriyanti, MP Gadjah Mada University Staf Jurusan Budi Oaya Fakultas Kehutanan UGM Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281 (0274) 901 402 (0274) 902 220 Pepe@ugmgtw.ugm.ac.id
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Name Institution Position
Office address Telephone Facsimile E-mail
Name Institution Position
Office address Telephone Facsimile E-mail
Name Institution Position
Office address Telephone Facsimile E-mail
Ir. Sri Rahayu, MP Gadjah Mada University Staf Jurusan Budi Daya Fakultas Kehutanan UGM Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281 (0274) 902 220 (0274) 902 220 fofgmu@ugmgtw.ugm.ac.id
Ir. Cahyono Agus Dwi Koranto, M.Sc Gadjah Mada University Staf Jurusan Budi Daya Fakultas Kehutanan UGM Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281 (0274) 902 220 (0274) 902 220 fofgmu@ugmgtw.ugm.ac.id
Ir. Widaryanti Wahyu Winarni Gadjah Mada University Staf Jurusan Budi Daya Fakultas Kehutanan UGM Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281 (0274) 901 402 (0274) 902 220 fofgmu@ugmgtw.ugm.ac.id
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Schedule of Activities
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TRAINING IN CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT OF GENETIC RESOURCES
THURSDAY 18 MARCH 1999
p
FRIDAY 19 MARCH 1999
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Field trip to Wanagama during the training
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Provenance test of Eucalyptus urophyl/a at Wanagama
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List of Resource Persons
A -~------------------------~~
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Name Institution Position
Office address
Telephone Facsimile E-mail
Name Institution Position
Office address Telephone Facsimile E-mail
Name Institution Position
Office address Telephone Facsimile E-mail
RESOURCE PERSON
Prof. Bart A. Thielges Oregon State University Associate Dean, College of Forestry Oregon State University College of Forestry Oregon State University 154 Peavy Hall Corvallis, OR 97331-5704 001-1-541-737 -2222 001-1-541-737-2906 thielgeb@ccmail.orst.edu
Prof. Dr. Oemi Hani'in Suseno Gadjah Mada University Staf Jurusan Budi Daya Fakultas Kehutanan UGM Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281 (0274) 901 402 (0274) 902 220 Itto-gmu@yogya.wasantara.net.id
Prof. Dr. Soekotjo Gadjah Mada University Staf Jurusan Budi Daya Fakultas Kehutanan UGM Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281 (0274) 901 402 (0274) 902 220 Itto-gmu@yogya.wasantara.net.id
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Name Institution Position
Office address Telephone Facsimile E-mail
Dr. Mohammad Na'iem Gadjah Mada University Staf Jurusan Budi Daya Fakultas Kehutanan UGM Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281 (0274) 902 220 (0274) 902 220 fofgmu@ugmgtw.ugm.ac.id
Secretariat ITIO PD 16/96 Rev.4(F)
Faculty of Forestry Gadjah Mada University
Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281 Phone(0274)901400 Fax. (0274) 902220
E-mail: itto-gmu@yogya.wasantara.net.id
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The Closing Program and Speeches
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ITTO Project PO 16/96 Rev.4(F)
Training in Conservation and Management of Genetic Resources
Yogyakarta, 19 - 23 March 1999
Closing Ceremony
13:00 Remarks by Prof. Bart A. Thielges, Course Leader
13: 15 Remarks by Mr. Sadharjo, M.Sc., representative of the participants
13:35 Presentation of Certificates
13:45 Closing Remarks by Prof. Oemi Hani'in Suseno, the Chairperson of
ITIO Project
13:50 Group Picture
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Closing remarks Bart A. Thielges
I believe that we have had a successful inaugural session for this education and training program that parallels our IITO Project on conserving the genetic resources of Shorea /eprosu/a and Lophopeta/um multinervium. It has been refreshing for me to participate in a program that receives so much interest and support from the government, industry, and a major donor organization. This is truly developing as a partnership and, to support the ambitious goals of this project it must indeed continue as a very strong partnership.
One of the most effective means of developing that strength and maintaining it is through education - the more that all of the partners understand about the goals and objectives of conservation and about the importance of successful conservation efforts to future genetic improvement, the more effective this project will be. And, conversely, the more that the GMU scientific staff understands about the opportunities and constraints that are represented by the individual and collective participant organizations, the better able they will be to conduct the program in a realistic and efficient manner. Sharing of knowledge and information is certainly going to be one of the keys to our success.
We began our course last Friday as a roomful of individuals with varied levels of interest, knowledge, and experience in the areas of forest resources conservation, population genetics, and applied tree-breeding programs. While we are still maintaining a good deal of this variability in interests and knowledge five days later, I'm hoping that, at this point, our efforts have resulted in bringing us all to some common levels of appreciation, understanding, and communication in all of those areas. I'm especially hopeful that all of us have a much better idea of why and how we have embarked upon the IITO-sponsored conservation program for these two species, where we are at present, and where the program is going from this point.
Some of the underlying needs and philosophies for conserving forest resources are difficult to· grasp initially, especially those concerned with genetic conservation. As foresters, we are traditionally a pragmatic, "can doff sort of profession and we usually don't find the time for reflecting and philosophizing about our jobs. That's because our day-to-day responsibilities and pressures are too demanding. But I hope that you will agree that the needs for conserving our forest resources - especially the genetic variation so necessary for sustaining forest health and productivity - definitely fits in with our long-term goals and our responsibilities to our nations' forest resources, our fellow citizens, and our profession.
And, certainly, the less than two hours we spent on the principles of population genetics that form the basis of genetic conservation strategies is barely enough time to scratch the surface. But we hope that you now understand that genetic conservation techniques - both in situ and ex situ - are really concerned with sampling, conserving and maintaining and, in some cases, managing gene frequencies in species or in populations of species.
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We should now also have a rather firm grasp on the similarities and differences between in situ and ex situ conservation. Both are important, both have strengths and weaknesses, and both have a place in a national conservation strategy. But as we have seen, often we must bend our principles and our intentions to reflect our organizational interests, goals, and resource limitations.
The Wanagama field trip was well timed, falling as it did between our course sections on conservation of genetic resources and on genetic improvement. Looking at some of GMU's earliest provenance and progeny tests provided evidence of the great amount of variation that may be sampled and captured in such tests. And siting these trees in a fairly uniform plantation - really a limited ex situ conservation area - removes much of the environmental influences and allows us to more accurately evaluate these selections for their genetic potential. And we must remember that, at Wanagama, we were limited to viewing only those phenotypes expressing growth and form; we need to remember that there is also a tremendous store of "hidden" variability in adaptive traits, including disease and insect resistance, as well as those commercial traits such as wood quality captured and stored in those test plantings.
We finished our course with summaries of the importance of these conserved collections of genetic variation to traditional selection and breeding programs as well as to the emerging biotechnologies. Conservation reserves and plantations will be a tremendous resource; without access to these genotypes - specifically to the genes and alleles from which they are constructed - we would be severely limited in our future options for breeding or for genetic transformation' .
So it is my hope that with this initial educational activity we have set a course and a standard for the ITIO Project that is built upon interactions among all partners. These interactions need to be based upon education and technology transfer, access to Project information, and frequent consultation. I'm highly enthusiastic about our program and feel fortunate to be involved at this level. I hope that you share that enthusiasm.
I have enjoyed meeting all of you and working with you during this course. I look forward to a continuing productive relationship and friendship among the members of our unique Project Partnership aimed at conserving these valuable and irreplaceable forest tree genetic resources.
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Remarks by the Representative of the participants
Prof. Oemi Hani'in Suseno, the Chairperson of ITIO Project
Prof. Bart A. Thielges, the Course Leader
Prof. Soekotjo and Dr. M. Na'iem, resource persons
On behalf of the participants I would like to express my gratitude to the resource
persons who have shared their knowledge in ex situ conservation to us. Before we
attend the training we know almost nothing, or rather, a few aspect among the many
different aspects of works in ex situ conservation activities. We admitted that before
we listened to the lectures we have only partial understanding on ex situ
conservation, just like a group of blind men trying to identify an elephant. By each
one touching different part of the elephant, they have different idea in describing an
elephant.
Now, after listening to the lectures and made an extensive discussion, we have an
idea, what kind of works have to be done if we want to implement the ex situ
conservation project correctly. We have also an understanding now, the relationship
between tree improvement, in situ and ex situ conservation. We feel that this kind of
training is very useful to upgrade our knowledge. Therefore we hope that a regular
meeting could be held so that we will be always well informed on current
development of the subject.
May I take this opportunity to thank the Chairperson of ITIO for organizing this
training, and inviting us to attend the training, and last but not least to the Project staff
who support the conduct of the training.
Thank you.
Sadhardjo
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Closing Remarks by
The Chairperson of ITTO project
Prof. Bart A. Thielges, the Course Leader of the Training
Prof. Soekoljo, the Course Co-Leader
Dr. M. Na'iem and dear participants
It is my pleasure to deliver the speech, as a closing remarks to this training. I realize
that organizing this kind of training for only 5 days is too short. I am confident,
however, that despite all the limitation of time, the participants have gained
something to support their field work in the near future.
May I take this opportunity to thank the participants for their full attention to the
lectures, to Prof. Bart A. Thielges for his patient is lecturing, and to Prof. Soekotjo as
well as to Dr. M. Na'iem for their lectures in this training.
I would like also to thank Perum Perhutani, PT. INHUTANI I, PT. INHUTANI 11, PT.
INHUTANI Ill, PT. INHUTANIIV and PT. INHUTANI V for their financial support, and
last but not least to ITIO for supporting the travel of Prof. Thielges to Indonesia.
During the conduct of the training, there may be some shortcomings or
inconveniences occurred. May I apologize for that.
Finally, I wish you all success and have a nice trip home to your family.
Good bye and thank you.
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I "
Presentation of certificate
The trainees and resource persons pose for a group picture at the closing session
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~ INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGANIZATION (ITTO)
PROJECT PD 16/96 Rev. 4 (F) Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University
This is to certify that
has participated in Training in Conservation and Management of Genetic Resources
19-23 March 1999, Y ogyakarta
Sponsored by the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO)
in cooperation with
~~/~~ s Prof. Dr. Oemi Hani'in Suseno
Chairperson, ITTO Project
Ministry of Forestry and Estate Crops Republic of Indonesia
Course Leader
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Evaluation
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Summary of the Participants' Evaluation
Part I. Participants' background
1. The highest academic degree attained by the participants are: a. Ph.D. : 1 b. Master's degree : 9 c. Bachelor's degree : 9
2. Their subject background are all in forestry science
3. Their jobs or positions are:
a. Manager : 3 b. Field worker : 5 c. Staff/administration : 3 d. Lecturer : 8
Part 11. The Training Program
1. The importance of the topics The participants gave an average rating of 4.36 (on a scale of 5 as very important) on the importance of the subject matter given during the training. All of the subjects were considered important. Following are the individual ratings given by the participants.
a. b. c. d. e.
f.
Introduction to Conserving Forest Resources Overview of Genetic Conservation In situ Conservation Ex situ Conservation The application of isoenzyme analysis for breeding and conservation Forest tree breeding
2. The usefulness of the topics
4.25 4.26 4.47 4.63 3.90
4.42
The usefulness of the topics to support their daily work was rated 4.24 in average on a scale of 5 as very useful. The topics given during the training were useful for them. The individual ratings of the topics are as follows:
a. b. c. d. e.
f.
Introduction to Conserving Forest Resources Overview of Genetic Conservation In situ Conservation Ex situ Conservation The application of isoenzyme analysis for breeding and conservation Forest tree breeding
4.31 4.10 3.94 4.52 4.26
4.36
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3. The knowledge gained from this training The additional knowledge gained during the training was rated 4.21 in average on a scale of 5 as very much. The following ratings were given on every topic:
a. b. c. d. e.
f.
Introduction to Conserving Forest Resources Overview of Genetic Conservation In situ Conservation Ex situ Conservation The application of isoenzyme analysis for breeding and conservation Forest tree breeding
4. Time adequacy
4.21 4.10 4.36 4.36 4.00
4.26
Most of the participants considered that the time allocation for lectures and discussions was not sufficient. This can be seen from the average rate of time adequacy of 3.55 on a scale of 5 as very sufficient. The individual ratings of each subject matter is as follows:
a. b. c. d. e.
f.
Introduction to Conserving Forest Resources Overview of Genetic Conservation In situ Conservation Ex situ Conservation The application of isoenzyme analysis for breeding and conservation Forest tree breeding
5. The quality of instruction
3.76 3.68 3.52 3.47 3.42
3.47
The average rate given by the participants or the instruction quality was 4.11 on a scale of 5 being very good. Unfortunately, the quality of instruction of the guest lecturer who was speaking English was rated low (3.57). Most probably this was caused by language barrier. Seven participants gave a rating of 3, and another one gave 2. It was obvious from day to day activities that these participants never were involved in discussion, although they were encouraged to converse in Indonesian language. The individual ratings of each resource person is as follows:
a. b. c. d.
Prof. Bart A. Thielges Prof. Soekotjo Prof. Oemi Hani'in Suseno Dr. Mohammad Na'iem
Part III Comments and suggestions from the participants
3.57 4.52 4.21 4.15
The participants were also invited to give their comments and suggestions to improve the organization of future training. Following are their comments and suggestions: 1. Participants should be limited to those who have been or will be involved in the
project implementation, so that the results of the training will be directly applicable. 2. Field trips should have relevancy with the training program. 3. Lecture notes or handouts should be made available before the session. This is
especially important for lectures given in English, so that the participants will be able to understand better during lecturing.
4. If possible, a translator should be made available for lectures in English 5. The use of instructional materials like transparencies of slides is very important to
make the lecture more attractive and understandable.
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6. The results of the training should be summarized and distributed for follow up actions in the field.
7. More time should be allocated for each lecture. 8. An exercise on how to make a proposal should be given and discussed so that
there is exchange of information between the participants.
Part IV. Conclusion
The training was generally well organized. The primary objective of the training, technology transfer, was not fully achieved because the participants from the Forest Enterprises were not all will selected. Some people who have no relationship with the project implementation attended the course, while those who are involved in it did not. For future training, the organizer should be given a chance to select the candidates from among the nominees provided by the Forest Enterprises. Advance information should be given on the background and qualification of the candidates.
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