retrofitting existing commerical buildings for smart grid
Post on 14-Jun-2015
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Making Dumb Buildings
“Smart”Harry Sim
CEO, Cypress Envirosystems
V4.0 081114
“Smart” Buildings
Typical Existing Buildings Today
Dial Gauges
Standalone Transducers,LED/LCD Displays
Pneumatic Thermostats
Manual Instrumentation, Not Programmable, No Diagnostics…
Equals: Wasted Energy, Higher Downtime, More Labor Required
Steam Traps
-80C FreezersUninterruptiblePower Supplies
Why Still So Many “Pneumatic” Buildings?
• High Cost
– Replace pneumatic piping with electrical wiring
– Replace pneumatic actuators with electric actuators
– Must go behind walls, above ceilings
– Lots of labor
– Market rate of $2500 - $3000 per zone for traditional DDC retrofit
– Payback of 4-7 years typical
• Disruptive to Tenants
– Exposure to Potential hazardous/toxic materials (e.g. Asbestos)
– Retrofits often happen only when there is tenant churn or other major
renovation
Most buildings built before 1995 are still pneumatically controlled,
or up to 70% of the commercial built environment.
What are the Consequences?
• Waste Energy
– No zone control for night setback, occupancy override, optimal
start/stop
– No ability to participate in Auto-Demand response or similar load
management strategies
– Out of calibration stats do not control temperature correctly
• More Labor for Maintenance
– Manual calibration of pneumatics
– Difficult to troubleshoot with no diagnostics, sensors
• Unhappy Tenants
– Building manager does not know of problem until tenant calls
– Many thermostats set at maximum or minimum – do not function
Real Impact to Energy Costs, Maintenance Costs, Tenant Satisfaction
Problem Right Here in Silicon Valley
• County of Santa Clara, Social Services Administration• 2 Buildings, each 5 story, built 2000• Total 300,000 sq-ft• 350 Pneumatic Thermostats, non-communicating• Estimated Demand Response load shed: 200kW• Would like to participate in PG&E Auto-DR program,
but challenging with pneumatic thermostats
But Can’t We do Something?!!
Silicon Valley
High Tech
Silicon Valley
Built Environment
40 Year Gap in Technology Co-Existing in Same Area
• Manual Setpoint Control
• No Remote Readings
• No Diagnostics
• Manual Calibration
Required
• Cannot support Demand
Response strategies
DDC in 20 Minutes!
New Technology to Enable Retrofit
Requires about 20% the cost and 10% of the time
compared to traditional DDC Retrofit
• Remote Wireless Setpoint Control
• Remote Monitoring of Temp & Pressure
• Pager/Cell Notification of Excursions
• Automatic Self-calibration
• Programmable Temperature Setbacks
• Occupancy Override
• Enables Demand Response strategies
• BACnet Interface to BMS
• 2yr+ battery life
Replacement in under 20 minutes
Project Comparison with DDC Retrofit
Santa Clara County Government Project
Tapping Utility Auto-DR Incentives
• Open A-DR communications link developed by Lawrence Berkeley National Labs.
• PG&E Technical Incentive 2009:• $230/kW for equipment and
installation• $20/kW for participant
incentive• $50/kW for Technical
Coordinator
Incentives Can Help Pay for Cost of Retrofit
Automating Gauge Reading
Non-Intrusive Reader Mounts On Top of Existing Gauge in Minutes…
Enables Alarming, Trending, Historization for Process/Asset Monitoring and Troubleshooting
• Thousands of gauges on Air Handlers, Boilers, Chillers, Heat Exchangers…
• Energy Savings Applications e.g.
– Compressed Air – ramp down compressor
– Audits for current, steam/water pressure, temp, flow
• Improved Equipment Uptime via Monitoring
– Filter changeouts (measure delta P)
– Pumps, compressors, fans (measure delta P)
• Reduced troubleshooting cost
– Fast non-invasive data gathering/logging/alarming
• Safety/Compliance
– Avoid difficult to reach or hazardous locations
– Monitor exhaust/venting (e.g. Magnehelic gauge)
• Reduce labor and consumable costs
– Gas Cylinders
Detecting Steam Trap Leaks
• Necessary part of the steam
distribution system, usually hundreds
of units per site
• 15-20% average failure rate;
leaks steam
• Failed traps lose $5-10K per year
• Wireless device clamps on non-
invasively and monitors trap health
for early detection and resolution.
• Typically less than one year payback
on investment.
Typical Steam TrapLeaking Traps Waste Energy
Save Energy and Time Locating Faulty Steam Traps
Connectivity to Existing Automation
Ethernet
BAS Controller
BACnet/IP
PC with Browser PC with Browser
Honeywell Building
Solutions
Honeywell ECC
Wixom, MI
Golden Valley, MNExcel EBI,
Tridium
Important to Work With Existing Automation…
Avoid: New Headend, New Software, Retraining of Staff
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