research & reviews a journal of neuroscience (vol4, issue1)
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Research & ReviewsA Journal of Neuroscience
STM JOURNALSScientific Technical Medical
ISSN : 2348-7925
Jan - April 2014
(RRJoNS)
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Research & Reviews: A Journal of Neuroscience
(ISSN:2348-7925 )
Focus and Scope Covers
† Behavioral & Cellular Neuroscience
† Clinical Neuroscience
† Computational & Molecular Neuroscience
† Neuroengineering
† Neuroimaging and Neuroinformatics�
† Neurophysiology and Systems Neuroscience
† Cognitive Neuroscience
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Group Managing Editor Dr. Archana Mehrotra
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Puneet Pandeya
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Publication Management Team
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Dr. Bimlesh Lochab
Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance
Engineering Centre (ITMMEC)
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
Prof. S. Ramaprabhu
Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory,
Department of Physics,
Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
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School of Materials Science and Technology,
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Dr. Rakesh Kumar
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Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra,
Patna, India
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Gargi Asha Jha
Nupur Anand
Priyanka Aswal
Sona Chahal
STM Journal (s) Advisory Board
Dr. Ashish RunthalaLecturer, Biological Sciences Group,
Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Rajasthan, India.
Dr. Baldev RajDistinguished Scientist & Director,
Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
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of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.
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Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology,
Rourkela, India.
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Pune, India.
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National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India.
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Chandigarh, India.
STM Journal (s) Advisory Board
Editorial Board
Dr. Sanjay RaghavSenior Lecturer- Monash University,
India.
Dr. Amanda BrownJohns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, United States.
Dr. Suja K KunnathAssociate Professor Department of Audiology and Speech Language
Pathology NISH , Thiruvananthapuram Kerala, India.
Dr. Sushil K. JhaSchool of Life Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru
University New Delhi, India.
Dr Nandini Chatterjee SinghNational Brain Research Centre NH-8,
Nainwal Mode Manesar - 122050, India.
I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 4 Issue (1)] of Research &
Reviews: A Journal of Neuroscience. The intension of RRJoNS is to create an atmosphere that
stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Neuroscience.
The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by
eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. RRJoNS provides an outlet for Research findings
and reviews in areas of Neuroscience found to be relevant for National and International recent
developments & research initiative.
The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for
the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and
research in the domain of Neuroscience.
Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for
their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring write-
ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With
regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality
Research/Reviews findings for our customers base.
I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.
Dr. Archana Mehrotra
Director
STM Journals
Director's Desk
STM JOURNALS
1. A Numerical Model to Study Effect of Potential-Dependent Influx on Calcium Diffusion in Neuron Cells Leena Sharma 1
2. Effect of Foot Massage and Reflexology on Physiological Parameters of Patients undergone Neurosurgery Jasvir Kaur, Sukhpal Kaur, Rajesh Chhabra 9
3. Identification of the Effects of Brain Stimulation on Neurophysiology in Parkinson's Disease Patients: Systematic Review Narkeesh, Abhishek, Lekhni, Kanimozhi 17
4. The Effect of Functional Therapy Approach in management of Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Case Study Parneet Kaur Bedi, Narkeesh Arumugam, Kanimozhi 23
ContentsResearch & Reviews: A Journal of Neuroscience
RRJoNS (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Research & Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience ISSN: 2348-7925
Volume 4, Issue 1
www.stmjournals.com
A Numerical Model to Study Effect of Potential-
Dependent Influx on Calcium Diffusion in Neuron Cells
Leena Sharma* Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering, Pune-411044, India
Abstract Electrical activity within the brain rapidly encodes information about the world but for
these fleeting perceptions to have a lasting impact, long-term changes in the structure
and function of neurons must follow. At the synapse, neurotransmitter reception initiates a number of biochemical signaling cascades in the postsynaptic cells, one of the most
important of which is the elevation of intracellular calcium. Early events induced by the
rise of calcium in dendrites are likely to be local, resulting from posttranslational modifications of the synaptic machinery. However, for long-term structural and
functional changes in the neuron, the calcium signal must regulate the expression of new gene products. A mathematical model has been developed for diffusion of Ca
2+ in the
presence of excess buffer approximation in synaptic cleft. This model incorporates the
effect of potential activity-dependent influx on calcium diffusion process. The parameters like diffusion rate, dissociation rate, conductance, and membrane potential are
incorporated in the above model. Appropriate boundary conditions have been framed using physical processes involved in influx. The finite differences have been employed to
obtain numerical solution to the problem. The relationships among various parameters
have been studied. The concentration and potential profiles have been obtained with respect to position and time.
Keywords: Calcium concentration, buffers, neurotransmitters, diffusion of calcium,
electrical properties, potential activity
RRJoNS (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Research & Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience ISSN: 2348-7925
Volume 4, Issue 1
www.stmjournals.com
Effect of Foot Massage and Reflexology on Physiological
Parameters of Patients undergone Neurosurgery
Jasvir Kaur1, Sukhpal Kaur
2*, Rajesh Chhabra
3
1Civil Hospital Phillaur, Punjab.
2National Institute of Nursing Education, PGIMER, Chandigarh
3Department of Neurosurgery, PGIMER, Chandigarh
Abstract Foot massage and reflexology is one of the strategies to fulfill the goals for human touch
and holistic care. The present study was conducted to assess the effect of “foot massage
and reflexology” on physiological parameters, i.e., systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen saturation of patients who have undergone neurosurgery. The
study was carried out in neurosurgery intensive care units of a tertiary care hospital. Using purposive sampling technique, 30 patients were enrolled in this study. A protocol
on the procedure of foot massage and reflexology was developed. An observation
checklist was used to record the parameters under study. The parameters were recorded before, immediately after and after 30 min of the intervention. Mean age (years) ± SD of
study subjects was 48.5 ± 12.3. 56.7% were males. Immediately after the intervention, there was significant decrease in high systolic blood pressure and improvement in oxygen
saturation. While comparing immediate and after 30 min effect of intervention, there was
significant reduction in the heart rate in second observation and there was significant improvement in oxygen saturation in first observation. Further studies may be carried
out to evaluate the long-term effects of foot massage and reflexology. The technique may
be put in practice after proper training of the nursing personnel.
Keywords: Physiological parameters, neurosurgery patients, foot massage and
reflexology
RRJoNS (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Research & Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience ISSN: 2348-7925
Volume 4, Issue 1
www.stmjournals.com
Identification of the Effects of Brain Stimulation on
Neurophysiology in Parkinson’s Disease Patients:
Systematic Review
Narkeesh*, Abhishek, Lekhni, Kanimozhi Department of Physiotherapy, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is after Alzheimer’s disease the most common progressive
neurodegenerative disease with prevalence of 150–200/100000. Etiology is not well known except for inheritance. It is associated with various neurophysiologic disorders.
The aim is to concise view of various studies about the relation between the brain stimulation either unilateral or bilateral and subthalamic or pallidal on gait patterns,
speech defects, cognition, behavior changes, mood swings, tremors and memory. This
was a systemic review in which researcher used inclusion criteria as set by PICO to define the question and then underwent various articles on PUBMED, MEDILINE
CENTRAL, INMED, textbooks, newspapers, etc., and using PRISMA a systemic review
was compiled to illustrate the relation of those different studies. On comparison, it can be concluded that the brain stimulation is an effective treatment for various problems of PD
such as gait, balance, tremors, dyskinesia, working memory, reducing the dosage, etc. However it does have some adverse effects on speech, cognition and behavior. Moreover,
it also induces psychiatric complications such as OCD, mania, aggression, etc. Therefore
researchers suggest that the intervention should be used with precaution and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a better option for brain stimulation.
Keywords: Brain stimulation, parkinson’s disease, cognition, gait, psychiatric
complications, tdcs, prisma
RRJoNS (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Research & Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience ISSN: 2348-7925
Volume 4, Issue 1
www.stmjournals.com
The Effect of Functional Therapy Approach in
management of Spastic Diplegic Cerebral
Palsy: A Case Study
Parneet Kaur Bedi, Narkeesh Arumugam*, Kanimozhi Department of Physiotherapy, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
Abstract Children with cerebral palsy typically receive physical therapy to facilitate motor
development and to enhance their independence in motor skills, self-care, play, and
leisure activities. Different treatment strategies exist and all these aim at leading children
with cerebral palsy toward the greatest degree of independence possible. In recent years, numerous publications have questioned both the assumptions and the effectiveness of
neurophysiological approaches. Functional recovery and carryover has always been
reproached. Functional activities have always been associated with goal specific training and rehabilitation. The present case study focuses on the functional approach for
recovery in cerebral palsy.
Keywords: Cerebral palsy, functional approach, task, spastic
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