research advances in pulses and benefit to stakeholders dr. c. l. gowda

Research advances in pulses and benefit to stakeholders

CL Laxmipathi GowdaDeputy Director General, ICRISAT

VisionA prosperous, food-secure and resilient dryland tropicsMissionTo reduce poverty, hunger, malnutrition and environmental degradation in the dryland tropics

ICRISAT Locationsin the Semi-arid Tropics

55 countries6.5 million sq km2.5 billion people

Headquarters-Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India

ESARegional

Hub-Nairobi, Kenya

WCARegional

Hub- Bamako, Mali

Crop2011-12 2012-13

Area (mha) Production (mt)

Yield (kg/ha) Area (mha) Producti

on (mt)Yield (kg/ha)

Pigeonpea 4.01 2.65 662 3.81 3.07 806Chickpea 8.30 7.70 928 8.70 8.88 1020Mungbean 3.39 1.63 483 2.75 1.20 436Urdbean 3.22 1.77 549 3.19 1.90 595Lentil 1.56 1.06 678 1.41 1.08 765Other Pulses 3.99 2.27 570 3.61 2.32 643

Total Pulses 24.46 17.09 699 23.47 18.45 786Foodgrains 124.75 259.29 2078 120.16 255.36 2125

Production of major pulse crops in India

Top chickpea producers, import and export Rank Production Import Export

1 India (69%)

India (19%)

Australia(37%)

2 Pakistan (5%)

Pakistan(14%)

India(13%)

3 Turkey (5%)

Bangladesh(13%)

Mexico(11%)

4 Australia (5%)

UAE (7%)

Turkey(7%)

5 Myanmar (4%)

Algeria(5%)

Canada(6%)

6 Ethiopia (3%)

Spain(5%)

Myanmar(4%)

7 Iran (2%)

UK(3%)

Ethiopia(4%)

8 Mexico (1%)

Jordon(3%)

USA(3%)

Options for increasing production Enhancing yield by reducing yield gap

Improved cultivars +

Improved ICM

Yield gaps in chickpea

A large shift (about 4 million ha) in chickpea area from cooler, long-season environments to warmer, short-season environments

6.1

0.7

Central and southern states

Northern and eastern states

4.7

2.1

Options for increasing chickpea production

1. Bringing additional area under production- Huge opportunities exist in rice-fallow areas in South Asia (e.g. India, Bangladesh and Nepal)

Enhancing adoption of improved cultivars

1. Knowledge empowerment of farmers

•Electronic and print media

•Field days/farmers’ fairs

•Training programs

•Demonstrations

•Farmer-participatory varietal selection trials (FPVS)

Enhancing adoption of improved cultivars -2

2. Ensuring seed supply of improved cultivars

•Strengthening formal seed system (both public and private seed sectors)

•Strengthening informal seed system (seed production by individual farmers and farmers’ groups).

•Establishing linkages between formal and informal seed systems

•Making available seed samples (1-2 kg) to large number of farmers

JAKI 9218JG 11JG 130JG 14JG 16JGK 2JAKI 9218KAK 2ViratJG 6JGK 1VishalJGK 3VaibhavJG 218Ujjawal (IPCK 2004-29)Pratap Chana 1Raj Vijay Gram 203Kranti (ICCC 37)GG 2ICCV-2Himachal Chana 2ViharKRIPAGG 4

Chickpea varieties developed through ICRISAT-ICAR partnerships

• 40 chickpea varieties developed in India through ICRISAT-ICAR partnerships and account for 49% of the total indent of chickpea breeder seed in the country for 2014-15

ICRISAT-ICAR partnership

varieties

49%

• ICRISAT-ICAR partnership varieties are grown in >90% of the chickpea area in AP and were instrumental in bringing a chickpea revolution in the state.

Promoting agribusiness ventures through Seed Business Ventures

A unique initiative of Agri-Business Incubation (ABI) Program of ICRISAT•to develop and promote rural seed business ventures at village level, and thereby•address demand-supply gap for open pollinated, quality seeds through public, private and people partnership (PPPP).

SBV MODEL

Adoption and impacts of improved chickpea cultivars

- A success story from Andhra Pradesh State of India

Chickpea success story from Andhra Pradesh, India

During the past 12 years (2000 – 2011)

• 3.6-fold increase in area (163,000 to 580,000 ha)

• 2.1-fold increase in yield (583 to 1241 kg/ha)

• 7.6-fold increase in production (95,000 to 720,000 t)

• >90% area under improved short-duration cultivars developed through ICAR-ICRISAT partnership (JG 11, JAKI 9218, KAK 2, Vihar)

Lentil: IPL 316, Pusa Vaibhav, JL 3, IPL 81, DPL 62

Fieldpea: IPFD 10-12 (green seeds), Adarsh, Indra, Jaya, Ambika, Vikas, Prakash

Short Duration

Urdbean : Jawahar Urid 2, 3, IPU 2-43, RBU 38 (Barkha), TPU 4, Pant U 30, TAU 1, TAU 2, AKU 4 (Melghat)

Mungbean : Samrat, SML 668, IPM 2-3, HUM 16, IPM 2-14, Pant M 5, Pusa Vishal, Gujarat Mung 1, Gujarat Mung 4, AKM 9911

High yielding varieties

Extra-large/Large seeded Varieties

Mungbean for spring/Summer season

Samrat, SML 668, IPM 02-3, IPM 2-14, HUM 16

Hybrid Variety

At 60 days

Hybrids in Pigeonpea

• More vigor and yield

• 44% greater shoot mass so needs low seeding rates• 40-50% greater root mass with greater drought tolerance • Ideal for inter-cropping

ICPH 2671 ON- FARM TRIALS (2007-10)State Dist Farmers Mean yield (kg/ ha)

Hybrid Check

%Gain

Maha 7 782 969 717 35.1

A. P. 8 399 1411 907 55.6

Karnataka 4 184 1201 951 26.3

Jharkhand 9 288 1460 864 68.9

M. P. 10 360 1940 1326 46.3

Total 38 2013 1396 953 46.5

Developing early and extra-early chickpea cultivars

Early and extra-early cultivars have been developed which are better adapted to short-season environments (e.g. southern India) and escape end of season stresses

Reproductive stage heat tolerance

Effects of reproductive stage heat stress on chickpea

Chickpea cultivars suitable for mechanical harvesting

Herbicide tolerance

Market preference for grain quality

Transgenic Chickpea Resistance to Helicoverpa

Transgenic Non-transgenic

Illumina sequencing used to generate 153.01 Gb

73.8% of the genome is captured in scaffolds

Genome analysis predicted 28,269 genes

High levels of synteny observed between chickpea and Medicago

> 81,845 SSRs and 4.4 million variants (SNPs and INDELs)

The chickpea genome

Illumina sequencing tech used to generate 237.2 Gb

72.7% (605.78 Mb) of the total pigeonpea genome assembled into scaffolds

Genome analysis predicted 48,680 genes

High levels of synteny observed between the pigeonpea and soybean

>50,000 SSR and SNP markers identified

Higher abundance of drought tolerance genes

The pigeonpea genome

MABC for root and other drought tolerance related

traits in chickpea

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I rrigated Rainfed

The Plant Genome, 2013

Future Scenario in Pulses

• Demand will continue to grow (62 m tons by 2050)

• Supply gap will exist in South Asia• Technologies available to bridge yield gap • New initiatives and cutting-edge

technologies will need to be deployed • Good news: Fast progress in technologies

will help increasing supplies

ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium

Thank you!