regional ca project proposal in degraded annual cropping systems areas in south east asia. panyasiri...

Regional Conservation Agriculture Project Proposal in Degraded annual Cropping

Systems areas in South East Asia“USING CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE TO IMPROVE FARMERS INCOMES IN

DEGRADED AREAS

PROJECT PROPOSAL FOR LAO PDR, VIETNAM, CHINA (YUNAN)”

5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

Conservation Agriculture Network in South East Asia (CANSEA)

5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

Outline

• Overview

• Experience and knowledge on CA in China, Laos and

Vietnam.

• CA context, Contribution to Generate Income of

Farmer

• Perspective of CA in Member`s Countries.

• Conclusion

5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

In recent years, South East Asia agriculture has experienced profound and rapid changes. The joint process of deforestation, new land extension and agricultural intensification has often led to vast soil erosion and gradual soil exhaustion. CA has considerably improved situation.

Overview

5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

“USING CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE TO IMPROVE

FARMERS INCOMES IN DEGRADED AREAS

PROJECT PROPOSAL IN LAO PDR, VIETNAM, CHINA (YUNAN)”

5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

Characteristics of specific degraded areas chosen

These pilot areas would be references for others

Country DomainDegraded area (km2)

Degradation type

Major annual crop

LaosUpland 10,000 Human Maize

Lowland 15,000 Natural Rice

VietnamUpland 20,000 Human Maize

Lowland 4,000 Natural Maize

China (Yunnan)

Upland 10,000 Human Soyabean

Lowland 6,000 HumanRice

6

5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

Deep tillage on steeply land in Laos

Erosion

Erosion in Northern Vietnam

Erosion in China - Yunnan

5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

8

China-Yunnan

Northern LaosUplands

+Savannakhet and

Pakse plains+

Xieng Khuang

Northern Vietnam

Cultivated areas Areas

4,600,000 ha 3,000,000 ha1,115,000 ha

In cereal

Degraded land By erosion

1.800.000 ha40%

1,000,000 ha Important

Degraded land by acidity

2.800,000 ha60%

2,000,000 ha Important

Farming systems

Slash and burn practiceMono cropping : Rain fed Rice, Maize, Tea, cassava, perennial

crops (Rubber…)Emergence of commercial mono cropping

Present yieldVery low yields

Rice = 1.0 – 3.0 T/ha; Maize = 2 – 5 T/ha;

Poverty rate 15% 40% 31.6%

Degraded soils by erosion and acidity in China, Laos and Vietnam

5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

Experience and knowledge on CA in China, Laos and

Vietnam

10

Conservation Agriculture is an agro ecological approach associating rural development with

environmental preservation.

It is a generic concept integrating the whole agricultural practices & aiming both at viability

and sustainability of agriculture and environment protection.

5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

CA in Northern Vietnam

5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

Acidic Soils Xieng Khuang

Objectives Increase pH

Correct FertilityImprove Production &

incomes

Intensify Meat production

500 Kg/ha/year

Diversification

Rice Direct Seeding

Soyabeans Direct Seeding

+ legume

Crops RotationRice +Soyabeans +

Maize

Correcting fertilizers2T/ha CaCO3

Micro éléments

Improved foragesBrach + Styo

Beef production

Pig fattening

13

5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

Crop residues management“Maize Monoculture”

Maize residues

(DM 5 t.ha-1)Maize direct

seeded on maize residues

Maize

cycle duration

4 months

J F M A M J J A S O N D

5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

J F M A M J J A S O N D

Rice-bean residues

(DM < 5 t.ha-1)

Rice-bean direct seeded on maize

residues

J F M A M J J A S O N Dmaize direct

seeded on rice-bean residues

Maize residues

(DM 5 t.ha-1)

Crop residues management:2 years rotation sequence

“Maize – Vigna umbellata (rice-bean)”YEAR 1

YEAR 2

J F M A M J J A S O N D

Rice-bean residues

(DM < 5 t.ha-1)

maize direct seeded on rice bean

residues

J F M A M J J A S O N D

maize & ruzi mulch

Before sowing

(DM 7-8 t.ha-1)

Introducing cover crops2 years rotation sequence

“Maize+B. ruziziensis – Vigna umbellata”YEAR 1

YEAR 2 rice bean direct seeded on maize &

ruzi mulch

Rice direct seeded on mulch of B. ruziziensis (Plain of Jars)

EXPERIENCES AND KNOWLEDGES

Creation of innovative systems for the Plain of Jars, enhancing

biodiversity

Rice direct seeded on mulch of S. guianensis (Plain of Jars)

Rice direct seeded on mulch of finger millet + Pigeon pea (Plain of Jars)Aromatic rice direct seeded on mulch of B. ruziziensis + pigeon pea

5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

Experience and knowledgeNutritional function for livestock by rational use of fodder

Improved pastureland, Pek district, Xieng Khouang (LAOS)

Cut & carry

Fattening out of field

Integrate forages in crops rotations

& Animal production in

farming systems

500 to 1,000 Kg/ha gain of weight according to the

length of the rainy season

Control grazing onto the field

5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

Experience and knowledge

Technologies

A large range of equipments adapted to the local conditions

EXPERIENCES AND KNOWLEDGES

Creation, characterization and technologies

5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

CA Context/Technology

,Contribution to Generate

Farmer`s Income

27/09/2011 CANSEA - WCCA Side Event

1 ha CA-DMC in Upland50% Maize in association with Soybean

50% Stylosanthes + Bracharia+ Animal production (cattle fattening)

No Tillage + Direct seeding

1 ha in Upland traditional system

1ha Maize in association with SoybeanConventional agriculture

Including soil tillage

Inputs 1,750 Inputs 700Investments/year 150 Investments/year 0Gross Incomes 3,750 Gross incomes 1,650

Net IncomesUS$

1,900Net Incomes

US$ 950

Nb of working days 135 Nb of working days 131

Net incomes per working day

US$ 14.1

Net incomes per working day

US$ 7.3

27/09/2011 CANSEA - WCCA Side Event 25

After a 4 years program (Upland Cropping)

5250 ha in CA

+ 950 $/ha/year

+ 5 000 000 $/year

+ 950 $Per/CA ha/year

Research1,600,000

$(20%)

Development

6 400 000$

(80%)

For Uplands CA is a solution to both improve agricultural production & productivity, increase poorest farmers’

incomes and preserve the natural resources

1Small Research Centre

10ha

7Demonstration Sites

350Validation Sites Farmers’ Groups

5 250Families (1ha CA)

35 000Persons

Research

1500$Per

Ha-CA

Maize Yields kg/ha CV CA-DMC % CV/CA-DMC

20063003 3067 102%

20073680 4701 128%

20083675 5237 143%

Net Profit USD/ha CV CA-DMC % CV/CA-DMC

2006 150 299 200%2007 377 735 195%2008 190 426 224%

Comparison of conventional (CV) maize monocropping and CA-DMC Maize/Vigna

biannual rotationData from demonstration & validation sites

(LAOS)

5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

Perspective of CA in

China(Yunan),Laos and

Vietnam

1- Government Decree on adoption of SCV-CA as promising technic for Agri-

production and need for Integration SCV- CA into the cursus of Agri-Facult

No554 dated (21/4/2005)

• Conservation Agriculture LAOS`s case

5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

2-Official Ministry Circular Message on the use of SCV/CA in application No

0372Maf dated 11/may/2005

• Conservation Agriculture LAOS`s case

5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

• Case of LAOS

5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

• Conservation Agriculture LAOS`s case

Establishment of National Conservation Agriculture Centre

(NCAC) in 16/03/2009

Promotion the use of CA in application through different RDP

within MAF (Decree No: 0565/MAF, dated 11/02/2011 ).

Perspective of CA

5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

Perspective of CA

• Case of LAOS

Establishment of Provincial Conservation Agriculture

Development Fund in 2009 (Sayaboury).

5060 ha.(7000ha CA Laos) Farmer adoption of CA for Maize

production in South Sayaboury Province.

A lot of CA technologies being used in among Rural

Development Project within the Country

5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

Conclusi

on

27/09/2011 CANSEA - WCCA Side Event 34

Conservation Agriculture has to compete with the “Traders’ systems” offering the same level of mechanization performance and then attract private service providers who presently prefer make money with the plowing business.

Research will accompany the development by creating innovation to be tested with and for farmers.

Extension Services will perform a real support

Farmers’ groups will get official status authorizing access to credit facilities at normal rate…

27/09/2011 CANSEA - WCCA Side Event 35

We need supports to develop and disseminate CA according to the three regional priorities we have defined:- Intensify and diversify uplands farming systems;- Restoration of the fertility of degraded soils;- Improve Capacity Building of our Engineers and

Technicians.

We need to develop new scientific / development partnerships and new technical exchanges with organizations, institutions , private sectors

We need support from Donors to fund regional rural development programs based on CA to produce more while protecting our natural resources on this proposed theme

5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

27/09/2011

Using CA to improve farmer`s incomes in Degraded areas

(Project proposal)ROJECT

PROPOSAL PROJECT PROPOSAL

5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29

IN LAO PDR, VIETNAM, CHINA (YUNAN)

Panyasiri K, NAFRI, Lao PDR

Sen PT, NOMAFSI, Vietnam

Baokun L, YAAS, China (Yunnan)

Autfray P, CIRAD-NAFRI, France Lao PDR

Thank You for your attention

5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29