regional ca project proposal in degraded annual cropping systems areas in south east asia. panyasiri...
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A presentation made at the WCCA 2011 event in Brisbane, Australia.TRANSCRIPT
Regional Conservation Agriculture Project Proposal in Degraded annual Cropping
Systems areas in South East Asia“USING CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE TO IMPROVE FARMERS INCOMES IN
DEGRADED AREAS
PROJECT PROPOSAL FOR LAO PDR, VIETNAM, CHINA (YUNAN)”
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29
Conservation Agriculture Network in South East Asia (CANSEA)
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29
Outline
• Overview
• Experience and knowledge on CA in China, Laos and
Vietnam.
• CA context, Contribution to Generate Income of
Farmer
• Perspective of CA in Member`s Countries.
• Conclusion
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29
In recent years, South East Asia agriculture has experienced profound and rapid changes. The joint process of deforestation, new land extension and agricultural intensification has often led to vast soil erosion and gradual soil exhaustion. CA has considerably improved situation.
Overview
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29
“USING CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE TO IMPROVE
FARMERS INCOMES IN DEGRADED AREAS
PROJECT PROPOSAL IN LAO PDR, VIETNAM, CHINA (YUNAN)”
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29
Characteristics of specific degraded areas chosen
These pilot areas would be references for others
Country DomainDegraded area (km2)
Degradation type
Major annual crop
LaosUpland 10,000 Human Maize
Lowland 15,000 Natural Rice
VietnamUpland 20,000 Human Maize
Lowland 4,000 Natural Maize
China (Yunnan)
Upland 10,000 Human Soyabean
Lowland 6,000 HumanRice
6
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29
Deep tillage on steeply land in Laos
Erosion
Erosion in Northern Vietnam
Erosion in China - Yunnan
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29
8
China-Yunnan
Northern LaosUplands
+Savannakhet and
Pakse plains+
Xieng Khuang
Northern Vietnam
Cultivated areas Areas
4,600,000 ha 3,000,000 ha1,115,000 ha
In cereal
Degraded land By erosion
1.800.000 ha40%
1,000,000 ha Important
Degraded land by acidity
2.800,000 ha60%
2,000,000 ha Important
Farming systems
Slash and burn practiceMono cropping : Rain fed Rice, Maize, Tea, cassava, perennial
crops (Rubber…)Emergence of commercial mono cropping
Present yieldVery low yields
Rice = 1.0 – 3.0 T/ha; Maize = 2 – 5 T/ha;
Poverty rate 15% 40% 31.6%
Degraded soils by erosion and acidity in China, Laos and Vietnam
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29
Experience and knowledge on CA in China, Laos and
Vietnam
10
Conservation Agriculture is an agro ecological approach associating rural development with
environmental preservation.
It is a generic concept integrating the whole agricultural practices & aiming both at viability
and sustainability of agriculture and environment protection.
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29
CA in Northern Vietnam
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29
Acidic Soils Xieng Khuang
Objectives Increase pH
Correct FertilityImprove Production &
incomes
Intensify Meat production
500 Kg/ha/year
Diversification
Rice Direct Seeding
Soyabeans Direct Seeding
+ legume
Crops RotationRice +Soyabeans +
Maize
Correcting fertilizers2T/ha CaCO3
Micro éléments
Improved foragesBrach + Styo
Beef production
Pig fattening
13
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29
Crop residues management“Maize Monoculture”
Maize residues
(DM 5 t.ha-1)Maize direct
seeded on maize residues
Maize
cycle duration
4 months
J F M A M J J A S O N D
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Rice-bean residues
(DM < 5 t.ha-1)
Rice-bean direct seeded on maize
residues
J F M A M J J A S O N Dmaize direct
seeded on rice-bean residues
Maize residues
(DM 5 t.ha-1)
Crop residues management:2 years rotation sequence
“Maize – Vigna umbellata (rice-bean)”YEAR 1
YEAR 2
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Rice-bean residues
(DM < 5 t.ha-1)
maize direct seeded on rice bean
residues
J F M A M J J A S O N D
maize & ruzi mulch
Before sowing
(DM 7-8 t.ha-1)
Introducing cover crops2 years rotation sequence
“Maize+B. ruziziensis – Vigna umbellata”YEAR 1
YEAR 2 rice bean direct seeded on maize &
ruzi mulch
Rice direct seeded on mulch of B. ruziziensis (Plain of Jars)
EXPERIENCES AND KNOWLEDGES
Creation of innovative systems for the Plain of Jars, enhancing
biodiversity
Rice direct seeded on mulch of S. guianensis (Plain of Jars)
Rice direct seeded on mulch of finger millet + Pigeon pea (Plain of Jars)Aromatic rice direct seeded on mulch of B. ruziziensis + pigeon pea
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29
Experience and knowledgeNutritional function for livestock by rational use of fodder
Improved pastureland, Pek district, Xieng Khouang (LAOS)
Cut & carry
Fattening out of field
Integrate forages in crops rotations
& Animal production in
farming systems
500 to 1,000 Kg/ha gain of weight according to the
length of the rainy season
Control grazing onto the field
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29
Experience and knowledge
Technologies
A large range of equipments adapted to the local conditions
EXPERIENCES AND KNOWLEDGES
Creation, characterization and technologies
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29
CA Context/Technology
,Contribution to Generate
Farmer`s Income
27/09/2011 CANSEA - WCCA Side Event
1 ha CA-DMC in Upland50% Maize in association with Soybean
50% Stylosanthes + Bracharia+ Animal production (cattle fattening)
No Tillage + Direct seeding
1 ha in Upland traditional system
1ha Maize in association with SoybeanConventional agriculture
Including soil tillage
Inputs 1,750 Inputs 700Investments/year 150 Investments/year 0Gross Incomes 3,750 Gross incomes 1,650
Net IncomesUS$
1,900Net Incomes
US$ 950
Nb of working days 135 Nb of working days 131
Net incomes per working day
US$ 14.1
Net incomes per working day
US$ 7.3
27/09/2011 CANSEA - WCCA Side Event 25
After a 4 years program (Upland Cropping)
5250 ha in CA
+ 950 $/ha/year
+ 5 000 000 $/year
+ 950 $Per/CA ha/year
Research1,600,000
$(20%)
Development
6 400 000$
(80%)
For Uplands CA is a solution to both improve agricultural production & productivity, increase poorest farmers’
incomes and preserve the natural resources
1Small Research Centre
10ha
7Demonstration Sites
350Validation Sites Farmers’ Groups
5 250Families (1ha CA)
35 000Persons
Research
1500$Per
Ha-CA
Maize Yields kg/ha CV CA-DMC % CV/CA-DMC
20063003 3067 102%
20073680 4701 128%
20083675 5237 143%
Net Profit USD/ha CV CA-DMC % CV/CA-DMC
2006 150 299 200%2007 377 735 195%2008 190 426 224%
Comparison of conventional (CV) maize monocropping and CA-DMC Maize/Vigna
biannual rotationData from demonstration & validation sites
(LAOS)
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29
Perspective of CA in
China(Yunan),Laos and
Vietnam
1- Government Decree on adoption of SCV-CA as promising technic for Agri-
production and need for Integration SCV- CA into the cursus of Agri-Facult
No554 dated (21/4/2005)
• Conservation Agriculture LAOS`s case
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29
2-Official Ministry Circular Message on the use of SCV/CA in application No
0372Maf dated 11/may/2005
• Conservation Agriculture LAOS`s case
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29
• Case of LAOS
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29
• Conservation Agriculture LAOS`s case
Establishment of National Conservation Agriculture Centre
(NCAC) in 16/03/2009
Promotion the use of CA in application through different RDP
within MAF (Decree No: 0565/MAF, dated 11/02/2011 ).
Perspective of CA
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29
Perspective of CA
• Case of LAOS
Establishment of Provincial Conservation Agriculture
Development Fund in 2009 (Sayaboury).
5060 ha.(7000ha CA Laos) Farmer adoption of CA for Maize
production in South Sayaboury Province.
A lot of CA technologies being used in among Rural
Development Project within the Country
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29
Conclusi
on
27/09/2011 CANSEA - WCCA Side Event 34
Conservation Agriculture has to compete with the “Traders’ systems” offering the same level of mechanization performance and then attract private service providers who presently prefer make money with the plowing business.
Research will accompany the development by creating innovation to be tested with and for farmers.
Extension Services will perform a real support
Farmers’ groups will get official status authorizing access to credit facilities at normal rate…
27/09/2011 CANSEA - WCCA Side Event 35
We need supports to develop and disseminate CA according to the three regional priorities we have defined:- Intensify and diversify uplands farming systems;- Restoration of the fertility of degraded soils;- Improve Capacity Building of our Engineers and
Technicians.
We need to develop new scientific / development partnerships and new technical exchanges with organizations, institutions , private sectors
We need support from Donors to fund regional rural development programs based on CA to produce more while protecting our natural resources on this proposed theme
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29
27/09/2011
Using CA to improve farmer`s incomes in Degraded areas
(Project proposal)ROJECT
PROPOSAL PROJECT PROPOSAL
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29
IN LAO PDR, VIETNAM, CHINA (YUNAN)
Panyasiri K, NAFRI, Lao PDR
Sen PT, NOMAFSI, Vietnam
Baokun L, YAAS, China (Yunnan)
Autfray P, CIRAD-NAFRI, France Lao PDR
Thank You for your attention
5th WCCA, Brisbane, Australia, September 26-29