recent results on tore supra with the iter pam lower hybrid prototype antenna

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AssociationEuratom-

Recent Results on Tore Suprawith the ITER PAM

Lower Hybrid Prototype Antenna

G.T. Hoang, A. Ekedahlwith the contribution of the CIMES Project Team

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« A brief history of CIMES »

CIMES Project granted with Euratom preferential support 2000 a new LHCD CW capability

a new IR monitoring capability

a CW pellet injector

a new cooling capability

2003

2002

2003

2009

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Tore Supra PFC monitoring by IR

TPL (7.5m2)574 elements

• All the PFCs are actively cooled by pressurized water (120°C; 1100 tons/hour)• Temperature monitoring by actively cooled IR endoscopes [Guilhem 2005]

LH launcher

ICRF antenna

Toroidal Pumped Limiter with heat exhaust capability of 10MW.m-2

[Garin, Fus Eng Design 2005 ]

TORE SUPRA

Implementation of IR cameras at JET[Gauthier, CEA-IRFM]

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AssociationEuratom-

Tore Supra CW Pellet Injector

Same injector implemented at JET [A. Geraud]

TORE SUPRA

2-minute Pellet Fueled LHCD Plasma (155 pellets. Very stable speed of 0.5 km/s)

Relevant for ITER:• Reliable screw extruder• Pneumatic acceleration does not require large pumping system (<15 mbar.l for 2mm pellets up to 800 m/s)

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AssociationEuratom-

The New Tore Supra LHCD system

a new LHCD CW capability a new ITER-relevant PAM (Passive-Active

Multijunction) launcher, complementing the FAM (Full Active Multijunction and replacing the 20 year old grill

a complete renewal of the power transmitter, including 16 new klystrons TH2103C (Thalès Electron Devices)

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3.7GHz / CW Klystron TH2103C

Routinely, 620kW/CW @ VSWR =1.4, and 720kW/CW @ VSWR=1 Efficiency of 47% 16+2 klystrons ordered, today 14 delivered and commissioned separately

700 kW / 1000s

F. Kazarian et al., FED (2009);L. Delpech et al., 18th RF Top Conf. (2009)

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First Half of LH Transmitter Equipped with TH2103C

R. Magne, P. Mollard et al.

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Near term activities on transmitter

end january 2010: Tore Supra restarts operation after Xmas shutdown FAM: not installed PAM: fed with 8 “old” klystrons (Ptransmitter

max~2.8MW) end march 2010: short Tore Supra shutdown

FAM: reinstalled and connected to the first series of 8 “new” klystrons (Ptransmitter

max~ 5.5MW > PFAMmax)

PAM no change (Ptransmittermax~ 2.8MW < PPAM

max) end 2010: LHCD transmitter shutdown

FAM no change (Ptransmittermax~5.5MW > PFAM

max) PAM connected to second series of 8 “new”

klystrons (Ptransmittermax~5.5MW > PPAM

max)

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Operational domain of long pulse operation extended

Physics issues zero loop voltage physics at high density/high plasma current, incl. transport, MHD-fast particles, intrinsic rotation. Long discharge mastering (physics & device protection control)

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700kW / CW SPINNER Water Load Validated

L. Delpech et al.

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• A key element of the CIMES project

More SS LHCD power at 3.7GHz

Improved domain of long pulse operation for Tore Supra: higher density and plasma current

Physics of SS plasmas and technology test of PAM concept

• The PAM is the present prefered solution for ITER LHCD (coupling issues, protection of the power source (low reflected power))

Motivations for a new LHCD Launcher

The PAM is presently the heaviest object on a Tore Supra port (~8 tons)

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Manufacturing Tore Supra PAM launcher

Concept. Ph. Bibet

• ITER-relevant concept for LHCD system• The Tore Supra PAM scales as ¼ of the ITER launcher size

Passive Active Multijunction(front view)

Mode Converters(rear view)

D. Guilhem et al., 18th RF Top Conf. (2009)

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AssociationEuratom-

Installing Tore Supra PAM launcher

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An extremely fast commissioning period

3 days conditioning 10 days with plasma; 260 shots

28/10/09: starting the transmitter and PAM commissioning (60kW per klystron/10ms, no plasma)

30/10/09: first plasma discharges P = 450kW / 4.5s N// OK

Very low reflection coefficient (~1.5%) at long distance (>6cm)

17/11/09: 600kW / 5.5s + tests SMBI 01/12/09: 1MW / 5s 02/12/09: 1.9 MW/ 10s + variations in n// 16/12/09: 2.7MW / 17s

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A clear interest from the LHCD community

Participants from: EU

ENEA (7), POLITO Italy (1) IST (1) UKAEA (“CCFE”) (3) IPP Prague (2)

ASIPP (3) & SWIP China (2) IPR India (1) NFRI Korea (3)

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PAM Launcher Commissioned on Tore Supra

Major results after few days of commissioning ~ 2.7 MW coupled for 17 seconds (~ 24 MW/m2)

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Recent 2010 progress [1/3]

2.7 MW (~ 24 MW/m2) coupled for 35 secondsafter ~ 280 shots

IR surveillance

200°C

125°C

2.7MW / 35s

10 cm

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Recent 2010 progress [2/3]

2.75 MW ( 25 MW/m2) coupled for ~80 seconds

IR surveillance

250100 400

T [°C]

ELHCD = 220MJ (25/03/2010)

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Recent 2010 progress [3/3]

Full CD regime (PAM alone) during 50 s/2.2MW

CD efficiency similar to standard full active antenna, weak sensitivity with edge density.

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Hard-X Profile versus N//

TS #44159-44174, 0.5 MW-2MW, Ip ~ 0.95MA, line density ~ 3.7x1019m-2

In presence of electric field; loop voltage drop ~ 40%

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Low power (~200kW) to avoid non-linear effects on coupling

Low reflected power level

even at a large plasma-antenna gap (follows design specifications) in good agreement with modeling

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AssociationEuratom-

Non-Linear Effect on Coupling Observed

Reflection coefficient increases with power at small L// (low ne, Te at grill) reduction of density at grill stays constant at large L// (high ne, Te at grill)

Small L//

(PAM behind the IC antenna limiters)

Power waveformLarge L//

(PAM in front of the IC antenna limiters)

~1.8MW

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Power Coupling Maintained under ELM-like Conditions

Supersonic Molecular Beam Injection (SMBI) is used to mimic ELMs

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Hard-X rays during SMBI

HXR takes finite time to respond, scales typically as slowing down time.

HXR emission seems to follow bulk density recovery profile (slow response).

P. Sharma et al.

1.72 1.86

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Conclusions 1

The LHCD components of the CIMES project are now up & running

TH2103C 700kW/CW klystrons commercially available

PAM launcher showing initial excellent agreement with expectations

• Coupling at long distance and in ELMy-like plasmas demonstrated

• Easy commissioning• CD capability assessement planned early 2010Full CD over 50s• Long pulse capability underway2.75MW/80s achieved• CW Power density limit still to be assessed (2011)So far 25MW/m2 limited by the capacity of old klystrons> 30MW/m2 expected

You are welcome to join the Tore Supra experiments

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Updates on the Conceptual Design Studies

of the ITER LHCD system

Tuong Hoangfor the contributors of the LH4IT Project Team

J.F. Artaud1, Y.S. Bae2, J. Belo3, G. Berger-By1, J.M. Bernard1, Ph. Cara1, A. Cardinali4, C. Castaldo4, S. Ceccuzzi4, R. Cesario4, J. Decker1, L. Delpech1, A. Ekedahl1, J.Garcia1, P. Garibaldi1, M. Goniche1, D. Guilhem1, C.Hamlyn-Harris5, J. Hillairet1, G.T. Hoang1, J. Hua6, Q.Y. Huang6, F. Imbeaux1, F. Kazarian5, S.H. Kim1, Y. Lausenaz1, R. Maggiora7, R. Magne1, L. Marfisi1, S. Meschino8, D. Milanesio7, F. Mirizzi4, W. Namkung9, L. Pajewski8, L. Panaccione8, Y. Peysson1, A. Saille1, G. Schettini8, M. Schneider1, P.K. Sharma1,10, O. Tudisco4, G. Vecchi8, S. R. Villari4, K. Vulliez1, Y. Wu6, Q. Zeng6

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One year ago…

• Following Design Review conclusions, a 20 MW LHCD system for ITER under consideration for Steady-State Advanced Tokamak research and V.s saving issues.

• Five ITER partners joining efforts to update the conceptual design: CN, EU (under EFDA), IN, KO, and US, on voluntary basis.

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Partner Sub-structure Manpower Comment

Granted (on-going work)

EU EFDA H&CD Top Group EFDA task HCD-03-01

4.12 ppys(2.25ppy funded 20%+2.87ppy funded 40%, complemented by CEA and ENEA)

2009 work programme

EU EFDA Training Programme “LITE”

4 trainees over 3 years each (funded 100%)

2009-2011

India IPR ~1ppy 2009 WPVisit to IRFM + homework

China ASIPP ~2ppy 2009 WPVisit to IRFM + homework

China SWIP ~1ppy 2009 WPVisit to IRFM + homework

Korea NFRI+KAERI Tbd 2009 WPhomework

Japan JAEA 0 Follow-up only

USA ORNL ~1.5ppy 2009 WPVisit to IRFM + homework

USA MIT ~0.5ppy 2009 WPVisit to IRFM + homework

Summary of the 2009 resource commitments

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Providing a pre-design document including the conceptual design, costing, possible procurement allocation, WBS, R&D needs

CEA (coordinator), ENEA, IST, POLITO, Univ. ROME 3, (CCFE, IPP-Prague, follow-up only)

With IO (HCD Department)

With International Fusion community support; China, India, Korea (test of 5GHz tube), US and Japan (follow-up only)

EFDA TASK HCD-03-01 ‘LH4IT’

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All the works planned in 2009 achieved

Provide the ITER System Requirement Document, and

Work Breakdown Structure Study the Integration on ITER with IO, RAMI constraint

(reliability, availability, maintainability, and inspectability) Revise the Physics Design (absorption, propagation,

alpha issue,…), incl. contribution to scenario development Improve the initial DDD2001 conceptual design

(antenna, TLs, PS, system control&protection + assoc.

diagnostics) Evaluate the cost and tentative planning

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Role of LHCD in ITER Confirmed

Driving the far off-axis current, crucial for sustaining Steady-State

Saving Volt-seconds -> extend burn duration

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Previous Results on Deposition Confirmed

Location of LH driven current @ r/a > 0.6 Best range of N//: 1.8 – 2.2, for all the scenarios, incl. the ramp-up phase Expected pedestal parameters [ne = 0.6x 1020 m-3 and Te < 5 keV] are located well inside the propagating region for N//= 2

~26MW absorbed

C3PO/LUKE

ILH RAY-STAR

14MW absorbed

Propagating region for N//= 2

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LHCD Extends Burn Duration

Early application of LHCD (20MW) in the current ramp-up saves ~ 45Wb (mainly by heating, ~38 Wb), preserved to the end of burn Decrease of li: li ≤ 0.3 All PF coil currents well within their limits

(a)

(b)

(c)(d)

a,b,c,d: depending on the power + waveforms

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Modification of DDD2001 PAM proposed

4-WG module (4A+4P WGs/MJ) to improve the flexibility:N// = 2 ± 0.2 (initial design: 8-WG module, N// = 2 ± 0.1) Directivity very similar to DDD2001 design (70%) Optimizing bi-junctions to reduce RC <1.5%, in a wide range of density up to 12 x nco

DDD2001 PAM

4A+4P WGs/MJ

1.5%@ 41018m-3

8%@ 41018m-3

noc=3.1x1017 m-3 noc=3.1x1017 m-3

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Installation on ITER

48 rectangular T-Lines maximum(or 24 circular T-Lines)

Port # 11

48 Klystrons 500kW / CW

2 x 48 RF windows

(500kW/CW)

Foreseen distance between the klystrons and the launcher, could be reduced at about 40m

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Antenna Front Face

Different models have been analyzed: DDD2001 PAM model 2 Alternative PAM models “Case A” and “Case B”

(also alternative concept FAM) Acceptable Surface Temperature (<650°C) for all designs Better knowledge of the Be-Cu joint (HIP) needed -> mock-up required

Case ACase B

DDD2001

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CW high-power tests of the 500kW /5GHz klystron restarted

In Feb 2010 at NFRI, with new capability of the test stand. Participation of CEA.

460 kW/20s; ~300kW / CW @ VSWR=1.12

[Courtesy of Y.S. Bae]

2009 2010

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An ITER Task Agreement under preparation

This task is focussed on the design activity and will be divided in the following subtasks: Definition of a development work plan. Physics modeling to ensure physics requirement for LH

H&CD.Conceptual design analysis.Definition of the R&D associated with the previous work

plan.Design process and drawings

The task will cover ~4 ppys over 2009/10.The task issuing has been delayed due to the sudden

death of A. Tanga.

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Conclusions 2

The ITER LHCD Conceptual Design Activity is complete. Final Report to Contributors and IO has been delivered in April 2010Physics Case, incl. contribution to Steady State Scenario Developments Conceptual Design for PS, transmitter, TL and launcher available Urgent R&D: 500kW CW windows, mode filters, front face (BeO) Port and Transmitter Hall pre-allocation on ITER EFDA will continue the Design effort over 2010 and encourage Procurement Package Discussions amongst contributors ITER Task Agreement under preparation focusing on the design activity (Voluntary Contribution to the ITER LHCD development plan’). The task will cover ~ 4 ppys over 2009/10

New LHCD systems are foreseen in EAST, HL-2M,

KSTAR, SST1, AUG and FAST (?). Need consortium (?)