purpose, operation, and hydrodynamics/salinity transport effect · 2016-10-19 · 0 5 10 15 20 25...

Suisun Marsh Salinity Control Gate:Suisun Marsh Salinity Control Gate:Purpose, Operation, and Purpose, Operation, and

Hydrodynamics/Salinity Transport EffectHydrodynamics/Salinity Transport Effect

CWEMFFebruary 28, 2008

Chris EnrightDWR

Summary

• SMSCG purpose, components, operation• Suisun Marsh/Bay hydrodynamics• SMSCG effect on Marsh/Bay salinity & X2• Frequency of SMSCG operation

Wetlands and Water ResourcesWetlands and Water Resources-- S. SiegelS. Siegel

Suisun Marsh and BaySuisun Marsh and Bay

Suisun MarshSuisun MarshSalinity Control GateSalinity Control Gate

(SMSCG)(SMSCG)

Wetlands and Water ResourcesWetlands and Water Resources-- S. SiegelS. Siegel

SMSCG PurposeSMSCG Purpose

Guiding ConceptualGuiding Conceptual Model:Model:•• Reduced outflow increases salinity. Reduced outflow increases salinity. •• Increased salinity reduces waterfowl Increased salinity reduces waterfowl

food plant abundance and diversity.food plant abundance and diversity.

SMSCG Purpose:SMSCG Purpose:•• Reduce salinity in Suisun Marsh to help Reduce salinity in Suisun Marsh to help mitigate the impacts of the water projectsmitigate the impacts of the water projects

Wetlands and Water ResourcesWetlands and Water Resources-- S. SiegelS. Siegel

SMCSG:SMCSG:•• Tidal Tidal ““pumppump”” induces a net induces a net

downstream flow (~2,800 downstream flow (~2,800 cfscfs).).•• Opens on ebb tideOpens on ebb tide•• Closes on flood tideCloses on flood tide

36’3 Radial Gates (1083 Radial Gates (108’’))

Stop logs (120Stop logs (120’’))

Boat lock (20Boat lock (20’’))

Roaring River fish screenRoaring River fish screenRoaring River

Downstream

SMSCG ComponentsSMSCG Components

Salinity Standard Compliance LocationsSalinity Standard Compliance LocationsBoth regulatory and contractualBoth regulatory and contractual

Gates Open Stop Logs Out

Looking Upstream (southeast)Looking Upstream (southeast)

Gates Open

Stop Logs Installed

Looking ~Upstream (east)Looking ~Upstream (east)

AVM PilesAVM Piles

Acoustic Velocity MeterAcoustic Velocity MeterUsed to trigger gate closure Used to trigger gate closure

at at --0.1 fps velocity0.1 fps velocity

SMSCG Boat Lock SMSCG Boat Lock (looking downstream (looking downstream -- flood tide)flood tide)

SMSCG Boat Lock SMSCG Boat Lock (looking upstream (looking upstream -- flood tide)flood tide)

Suisun Marsh Salinity Control Gate ConfigurationsSuisun Marsh Salinity Control Gate Configurations

June September

Lock Open

October May(when needed tomeet standards)

SMSCG Operating

SMSCG Not Operating

Gates Open

SMSCG Side View

In operation:• Closes on flood tide when current > -0.1 fps• Open on ebb tide when upstream

water level is 0.3 ft > downstream water level

Downstream

Gates ClosingEbb

SMSCG Side ViewDownstream

Gates Closing

SMSCG Side ViewDownstream

Gates Closing

SMSCG Side ViewDownstream

Gates ClosingSlack Tide

SMSCG Side ViewDownstream

Gates ClosingSlack Tide

SMSCG Side View

0.1 fps

Downstream

Gates ClosedFlood

SMSCG Side ViewDownstream

Gates ClosedFlood

SMSCG Side ViewDownstream

Gates ClosedFlood

SMSCG Side ViewDownstream

Gates OpeningEnd of Flood

SMSCG Side ViewDownstream

Gates Opening

SMSCG Side ViewDownstream

Gates Opening

SMSCG Side ViewDownstream

Gates Open

SMSCG Side ViewDownstream

SMSCG Side ViewDownstream

SMSCG Side ViewDownstream

SMSCG Side ViewDownstream

SMSCG Side ViewDownstream

SMSCG Side ViewDownstream

Tidal Time Scale Flows

200,000 200,000 cfscfs400,000 400,000 cfscfs

Montezuma Slough+/-63,000 cfs

Suisun Slough+/-10,500 cfs

Montezuma Slough+-5,500 cfs

Tidal Time Scale Flows

200,000 cfs200,000 cfs400,000 cfs400,000 cfs

Hill Slough+-1700 cfs

First Mallard Branch+-400 cfs

Sheldrake Sl.+-400 cfs

Nurse Slough+-12,000 cfs

Montezuma Slough+/-63,000 cfs

Suisun Slough+/-10,500 cfs

200,000 cfs200,000 cfs400,000 cfs400,000 cfs

Tidal Time Scale Flows

Montezuma Slough+-5,500 cfs

200,000 200,000 cfscfs400,000 400,000 cfscfs

Tidal Time Scale Excursion

Ebb Tide Drifter Tracks(one ~6 hour ebb tide)

1 mile

Release Drifter (slack after flood)End (slack after ebb)

Tidal Time Scale Flows

1998.72 1998.74 1998.76 1998.78 1998.80

-200

-100

0

100

200

TCFS

6

3

0

-3

-6

SMSCGoperating

Ebb

Flood

Tidal Flow

Net Flow

Measured here(Oltmann 1998)

~2 ~2 -- 8,000 cfs8,000 cfs

SubSub--tidal Time Scale (tidal Time Scale (““NetNet””) Flows) Flows

“Delta Outflow Index”

Typical Fall conditions (low outflow)

Montezuma Slough~ 0 cfs

Suisun Slough~ 0 cfs

~2 ~2 -- 8,000 cfs8,000 cfs

SubSub--tidal Time Scale (tidal Time Scale (““NetNet””) Flows) Flows

Montezuma Slough~ 0 cfs (SMSCG open)

“Delta Outflow Index”

Typical Fall conditions (low outflow)• Suisun Marsh sloughs have small net flow

Montezuma Slough~ 0 cfs

Suisun Slough~ 0 cfs

~2 ~2 -- 8,000 cfs8,000 cfs

SubSub--tidal Time Scale (tidal Time Scale (““NetNet””) Flows) Flows

Montezuma Slough+2,800 cfs (SMSCG operating)

“Delta Outflow Index”

Typical Fall conditions (low outflow)• Suisun Marsh sloughs have small net flow• SMSCG induces net downstream flow of ~ 2,800 cfs

Montezuma Slough~ 0 cfs

Suisun Slough~ 0 cfs

~2 ~2 -- 8,000 cfs8,000 cfs

SubSub--tidal Time Scale (tidal Time Scale (““NetNet””) Flows) Flows

Montezuma Slough+2,800 cfs (SMSCG operating)

“Delta Outflow Index”

Typical Fall conditions (low outflow)• Suisun Marsh sloughs have small net flow• SMSCG induces net downstream flow of ~ 2,800 cfs• SMSCG affects Marsh and Bay salinity field

5

10

15

20

5

10

15

20

5

10

15

20

5

10

15

20

2002.72 2002.74 2002.76 2002.78 2002.80

5

10

15

20

SC

(mm

hos/

cm)

SMSCG

S64

S49Beldons Landing

S42

S21

S35

Gates Operating Gates OpenGates Open

SC

(mm

hos/

cm)

Salinity Response to SMSCG OperationSalinity Response to SMSCG Operation

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

SC

mm

hos/

cm

Kilometers upstream from A96 (western Suisun Bay)

N

Suisun Marsh

S71

A96

S54

S49

S64

Average salinity gradient oneday before SMSCG operation

Average salinity gradient 10 days after SMSCG Operation

S49BeldonsLanding

Salinity transect depicted in plot

S54

S64

A96

C2

C2SMSCG

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

1993 1994 1999 2000 2002 2003 2005 7-yr

Outflow IndexBefore OpAfter Op

S71

SMSCG effect on Montezuma SloughSMSCG effect on Montezuma Slough

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Suisun MarshSuisun MarshSuisun MarshSuisun Marsh

SC

mm

hos/

cm

Kilometers upstream from Martinez

N

Suisun Marsh

Average salinity gradient one10 days after SMSCG operation

Average salinity gradient1 day before SMSCG

Operation

Salinity transect depicted in plot

SMSCG

Martinez

PortChicago

Collinsville

Antioch

Martinez

Pt Chicago Chipps Is

Collinsville

Antioch

Chipps Is

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

1993 1994 1999 2000 2002 2003 2005 7-yr

Outflow IndexBefore OpAfter Op

SMSCG effect on Suisun BaySMSCG effect on Suisun Bay

Shift in “X2”

SMSCG Operating (Fall-Winter)SMSCG Operating (Spring)SMSCG Open

Courtesy Wim Kimmerer

Num

ber o

f Gat

e O

pera

tion

Day

s

1997

1999

2006

19962007

2008

199820051995

20011989 2004

19922000

20031990

19931991

1994

2002

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000

Average OCT-NOV-DEC Outflow

Drought YearsSalmon Passage Study YearsPost NOAA Fisheries Agreement

SMSCG Operation Frequency Versus OutflowSMSCG Operation Frequency Versus Outflow

1990

2000

1992

1991 20011994

1989

2007

19932002 2005

2003 2004 1999 1996 1997 1998 20061995

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000

Average Jan through May Outflow

Drought YearsPost NOAA Fisheries Agreement

SMSCG Operation Frequency Versus OutflowSMSCG Operation Frequency Versus OutflowN

umbe

r of G

ate

Ope

ratio

n D

ays

Thank YouThank You

• Paul Massera• Jim Sung• Kate Le• Brad Tom