psu altoona 8/23/99 et 002 introduction to computer systems
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3
Data Hierarchy
BitByteFieldRecordFileData Base
0 or 1 (digital / binary)7-8 bits (one character)Related group of bytesGroup of related fieldsGroup of related recordsSet of related files vs.
Data Base Management System (DBMS)
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Computer: Collection of Electronic Devices
Run by instructions in its own memory
Accepts & processes data, a.k.a. _______
Result: information, a.k.a. ____________
Can store results
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Inside the Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Power supplyMotherboardNetwork card (CLRC)Modem card (home)Expansion slotSIMMS slot: extra
memoryMicroprocessor chip
(Top speed : 450 - 500 megahertz)
RAM (Random Access Memory) Primary main memory;
holds info while you use a program
Volatile: gone when power goes off
ROM (Read Only Memory) - loads operating system at start-up; never lost
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MeasuringStorage Capacity
1,000 bytes(thousand memory locations)
1,000,000 bytes(million memory locations)
1,000,000,000 bytes(billion memory locations)
KB - kilobyte
MB - megabyte
GB - gigabyte
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Auxiliary Storage Device
3 1/2- inch floppy disk = portable storage
Floppy driveis called_______ drive
Buy formatted double-sided HIGH density floppy disks (2HD) Put labels on (2) Write name on
(2) Bring (2) to lab
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Auxiliary Storage Device:Hard Drive
Hard disk drive
Usually notportable
Hard drive iscalled_______ drive,usually
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Organization of Disk Storage: Tracks and Sectors
Formattingcreates tracks andsectors
Floppy disk:80 tracksper side,18 sectorsper track
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Auxiliary Storage Device:CD-ROM
CD-ROM =_____________
Stores largeamounts ofprerecorded info Multimedia:
text, graphics,audio, animation,video
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Auxiliary Storage Device: DVD-ROM
DVD-ROM =__________________
__________________
Better storage capacity, better video quality than __________________
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System Software:(GUI) Operating System
Win 95/Win 98/Win NTLoad (boot) operating
system into memory from storage: Clears RAM Reloads operating
system from disk to RAM
Cold Start = boot (On) Warm Start = re-boot
(Ctrl+Alt+Del)
(GUI) stands for___________________
Icons = visual cues
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Networks & 208 Force T(LAN, WAN, and WWW)
Boot operating system: Loads Local Area
Network (LAN) software
Machines share printer using local server
Penn State (UP) server Wide Area Network (WAN)
of PSU locations
Connects to World Wide Web (WWW) via PC’s internet browser software,_________________
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