presentation name company name mohamed m. b. m. b. alnoor alnoor chp300: community health program-l

Presentation NameCompany Name

Mohamed Mohamed M. B. M. B. AlnoorAlnoor

CHP300:CHP300:

Community Health Community Health Program-lProgram-l

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MENTAL HEALTH • jhjkkjkljlkjljll

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Definitions

MENTAL HEALTH CONTENT

• Mental Illness( MI )• Mental Health

Importance• Myths of MI

Overview- Morbidity and Mortality

• We are all vulnerable Etiology of MI Classification and types of MI Distribution of MI

Prevention of MI Management of MI Integration of MI into PHC Conclusion

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MENTAL HEALTH Definition

The World Health Organization defines mental health as "a state of well-being in which the individual:

• realizes his/her own abilities• can cope with the usual stresses of life• can work productively and fruitfully• is able to make a contribution to

his/her community.”

Mental Health

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It is when someone lacks the ability to: manage day to day events

and/or control their behavior

so that basic physical and emotional needs are threatened or unmet.

Mental Illness

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Mental Illness

• death

A clinically significant behavioral syndrome

that is associated with present distress

psychological syndrome pattern

disability significant risk of suffering

• Pain• Disability • An important loss of freedom.

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are medical conditions that disrupt a person's:

• thinking

Just as diabetes is a disorder of the pancreas, mental illnesses are medical

conditions that often result in a diminished capacity for coping with the

ordinary demands of life.

• feeling • mood• ability to relate to others • daily functioning.

Mental Illnesses

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MENTAL HEALTH

Myths of Mental Illness

• Mental illness is caused by bad parenting.Fact: Most diagnosed individuals come from supportive homes.

• The mentally ill are violent and dangerous.Fact: Most are victims of violence.

• People with a mental disorder are not smart.Fact: Numerous studies have shown that

many have average or above average intelligence.

BackgroundIMPORTANC

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MENTAL HEALTH Etiology of Mental Illness

Stressors

Sociodemographic

Environmental

Biological

Psycho-pathology

Disability

PhysicalIllness

Utilization & Access to Health Care

Multifactorial Etiology

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PSYCHO-LOGICAL FACTORS

BIOLOGOCAL FACTORS

SOCIAL FACTORS

Mental &

behavioraldisorders

MENTAL HEALTH Etiology of Mental Illness

Multifactorial Etiology

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MENTAL HEALTH and types of Mental Illness

Classification

Always Included in Definition• Schizophrenia• Major Depression• Bipolar Disorder

• Severe Anxiety Disorders• Cognitive Disorders• Some Personality Disorders

Sometimes Included

schizophrenia

depression

Bi polar

Personality

An xiety

SERIOUS MENTAL ILLNESS

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Classification

SERIOUS MENTAL ILLNESSSchizophreniaCriteria for Schizophrenia

Delusions Hallucinations Disorganized Speech Disorganized Behavior

Social/Occupational Dysfunction

• Flat Affect• Lack of Motivation

Negative Symptoms

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Classification

SERIOUS MENTAL ILLNESSMajor DepressionCriteria for Major Depression

Depressed Mood Diminished Interest Weight Loss or Gain Sleep Disturbance Restlessness or Being Slowed Down Fatigue & Loss of Energy Thoughts of Death

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Classification

SERIOUS MENTAL ILLNESSMajor DepressionCriteria for Major Depression

Feelings of Worthlessness or Excessive Guilt Difficulty Thinking & Concentrating Symptoms Occur Almost Every Day Significant Distress & Impairment

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Classification

SERIOUS MENTAL ILLNESSBipolar Disorder Criteria for Bipolar Disorder

Manic Episodes

• Grandiosity • Decreased need for sleep• Talkativeness• Racing thoughts

• Elevated mood

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Classification

SERIOUS MENTAL ILLNESSBipolar Disorder Criteria for Bipolar Disorder

Marked Impairment• Occupation • Social relationships

May Alternate with Depressive Episodes

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MENTAL HEALTH DISTRIBUTION

Mental Health is a worldwide problem

IMPORTANCE

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We are all vulnerable

Mental illnesses are not the result of:

These disorders can affect persons of These disorders can affect persons of any any

age, race, sex, religion, or income.age, race, sex, religion, or income.

• personal weakness. • lack of character.• poor upbringing.

IMPORTANCE

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We are all vulnerable

IMPORTANCE

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• Established Monitoring and TreatmentGuidelines to Lower Risk Are

in Serious Mental Illness (SMI )Populations

IMPORTANCE

• Mental illness usually strikes individuals

in the prime of their livesduring adolescence and young

adulthood.

Underutilized

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The Majority of People Who Need Mental Health Treatment Don’t Receive It

• 50% homeless have SMI that is untreated

• > 50% of SMI do not seek treatment, the barrier is: Stigma and discrimination.

• Only 30% adults and 50% children with a diagnosable mental disorder receive treatment in any one year

IMPORTANCE

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• Increased Morbidity and Mortality Largely Due to Preventable Medical Conditions

• Metabolic Disorders, Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes Mellitus

• High Prevalence of Modifiable Risk Factors (Obesity, Smoking)

• Epidemics within Epidemics (e.g., Diabetes, Obesity)

IMPORTANCEOverview- Morbidity and Mortality

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•Increased risk of death from medical causes in schizophrenia:

(10 -15 - 25 yrs) shorter lifespan.

• about 60% of premature deaths in persons with schizophrenia are due to “natural causes” - Cardiovascular disease - Diabetes - Respiratory diseases - Infectious diseases

IMPORTANCE

“natural causes”

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MENTAL HEALTH

KSA ESTIMATES Riyadh: 30 – 40 % of PHC patients with

mental disorders (mostly undiagnosed) Al-Khobar: 22 % of health clinics patients

had mental health disorders (8 % diagnosed)

Central province: 18 % of adults with minor disorders, with rates higher among:

- Young: 15-29 years (23 %) - Divorced and widowed (40 %)

Suicidal rates: 1.1 per 100,000 mostly among men; aged: 30-39 years & immigrants

DISTRIBUTION

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Facility Number

MoH Psychiatric Hospitals

14 30-120 each

Al-Taif Hospital 1 570Military, National Guards and University Hospitals

165 total

Private Hospitals 146 total

Hospitals for Ʀ of Drug Dependence

3 280 each

Departments / Clinics in General Hospitals

61 20-30 eachKSA Mental Healthcare Facilities

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MENTAL HEALTH

( >18 yrs) • 26.2%: Mental illness

• 10.5%:Serious Psychological Distress • 6 % : SMI

This can result from life events such as:• losing a job, • coping with disability of self or a family member• divorce, • death of a loved one, • life-threatening illness,• natural disasters such as (hurricanes, wildfires.)

USA ESTIMATES

DISTRIBUTION

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MENTAL HEALTH

PREVENTIVE NETWORKS

Mosque,

Family, Home

Work, Friends

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MENTAL HEALTH Prevention of Mental Illness

Protection of the very young (promotion of family life)

Prevention of social stress and insecurity

• Cerebral degeneration• Depression • Psychopathic states

Protection of the aged who may suffer from

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Prevention of brain damage Public education in mental health Premarital consultations and

medical examination Provision of suitable institutions

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Legislation as regards

• drug abuse, • compulsory admission to hospitals• guardianship

Rehabilitation

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MENTAL HEALTH

Early identification and treatment is of vital importance:

MANAGEMENT

By ensuring access to:• effective treatment • recovery supports

- recovery is accelerated - further harm related to the course

of illness is minimized. Even with serious mental illnesses today,

treatment is highly effective: 70 - 90 % - significant reduction of symptoms - improved quality of life.

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MENTAL HEALTH

Mental Health into PHC

Integration of

Primary health care is about:Providing 'essential health care' Universal accessibility to individuals and families in the community Being based on the needs of the population. Being Decentralized Active participation of the community (WHO, 1978: Declaration of Alma-Ata)

What is PHC ?

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MENTAL HEALTH

Integration of

MH into PHC: Why ? (I)

Mental and physical health problems are interwoven (ensure that people are treated in a holistic manner)

The morbidity burden is great (economic and social hardships that affect the whole society)

Treatment gap is enormous (between the prevalence of mental disorders, on one hand, and the number of people receiving treatment and care)

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MENTAL HEALTH

Integration of

MH into PHC: Why ? (II)

Is affordable and cost effective Is affordable and cost effective Generates good health outcomes, Generates good health outcomes,

(particularly when linked to a network of (particularly when linked to a network of

services at secondary level and in the services at secondary level and in the

community)community) Promotes respect of human rightsPromotes respect of human rights

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MENTAL HEALTH

Integration of

• Manage acute episodes of MI • Do not provide for chronic disorders (revolving door syndrome)

MH into PHC: Why ? (III)

MH in PHC is complementary to secondary

and tertiary level mental health services

General hospital services:

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MENTAL HEALTH

Integration of

Adequate training of PHC workers to apply key psychosocial and behavioral science skills,

Putting in place strategies to

• Interviewing• Counseling • Interpersonal skills

• Prevent MI • Manage MI

MH into PHC: How ?

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MENTAL HEALTH

Integration of

Use of a holistic, comprehensive approach to Diagnose and Treat MI

Policy and plans: to incorporate MH into PHC.

PHC tasks must be limited and doable.

Specialist mental health professionals and facilities must be available to support PHC.

MH into PHC: How ?

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MENTAL HEALTH

Integration of

Primary care physicians provide basic mental health services through primary care

Selected primary care physicians, who have received additional training, serve as referral sources for complex cases

A community mental health clinic provides complementary services, such as psychosocial rehabilitation

MH into PHC: KSA Attempt .

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MENTAL HEALTH

Integration of

As a result of training and ongoing support by mental health specialists based at the

Community Mental Health Clinic:Physicians’ knowledge and management of mental disorders have improved. Many people with mental disorders, who otherwise would have been undetected or hospitalized, are now treated within the community.

MH into PHC: KSA Results .

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MENTAL HEALTH

Integration of

Needed and cost effective Require certain skills and competencies to

diagnose, treat and refer people with MI. Most successful when incorporated into health

policy and legislation, and supported by senior leadership, adequate resources and governance.

Must be coordinated with a network of services at different levels of care and complemented by broader health system development.

MH into PHC: Conclusion .

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MENTAL HEALTH

The Takeaway

• Academic performance is enhanced by physical and emotional health

• We can learn to recognize problems much earlier

• Depression, Anxiety and Stress are treatable

• Education, Psychotherapy and Medication are all effective

• Self Care--eat, sleep, exercise--is a cornerstone of health (for all of us!)

• MH into PHC is needed and cost effective

presentation name company name mohamed m. b. m. b. alnoor alnoor chp300: community health program-l

mental health slide

mental disorder

mental illness etiology

xiety serious mental

vulnerable mental illnesses

community health program

world health organization

background importance

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