chp 200: community health program-l mohamed m. b. alnoor
DESCRIPTION
SAFETY and INJURY PREVENTION . CHP 200: Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor. CONTENT. Definition of injury. Causes of Accident. Epidemiologic Triangle. Impact of injury and accidents. Prevention of Injury. Injury: Physical damage due to transfer of energy . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: CHP 200: Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568161e8550346895dd21716/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CHP 200: Community Health Program-lMohamed M. B. Alnoor
SAFETY and INJURY PREVENTION
![Page 2: CHP 200: Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568161e8550346895dd21716/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Definition of injury
Epidemiologic Triangle Causes of Accident
Impact of injury and accidents Prevention of Injury
CONTENT
![Page 3: CHP 200: Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568161e8550346895dd21716/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Injury: Physical damage due to transfer of energy
Definition:
kinetic thermal
chemicalelectrical
radiant
Over a period of time: “exposure” either acute or chronic
INJURY
![Page 4: CHP 200: Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568161e8550346895dd21716/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Accident: An unexpected occurrence, happening by chance
Injury: a definable, understandable, predictable, preventable, correctable event, with specific risks for occurrence.
Injury, Not Accident!Definition: INJURY
A result of poorly managed risk
![Page 5: CHP 200: Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568161e8550346895dd21716/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Epidemiologic Triangle
“Prevention is the vaccine for the disease of injury”.
Environment Host
AGENT
A causalrelationship!
Definition: INJURY
“Disease of injury” concept
![Page 6: CHP 200: Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568161e8550346895dd21716/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Causes of AccidentAccidents are caused by:
Unsafe acts
Unsafe conditions
• Most difficult to address• Changing behavior isn’t easy• Best prevented by developing a
“safety culture”
INJURY
![Page 7: CHP 200: Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568161e8550346895dd21716/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Unsafe Conditions Easiest to correct (and very cost
effective) Easiest to prevent
• Safety audits• Safety inspections• Maintenance schedules for equipment
• Encouraging employee reporting• Good housekeeping
INJURY Causes of Accident
![Page 8: CHP 200: Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568161e8550346895dd21716/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
ENVIRONMENT VEHICLE HUMAN
VISIBILITYPAVEMENTSIGNALSCONSTRUCTION
DEFECTSBREAKSTIRESAVOIDANCE SYSTEMS
AGEEXPERIENCEALCOHOL DRUGSSPEED
PRE EVENT
GUARD RAILSMEDIANSBREAKAWAY POSTS
AIR BAGSAUTOMATIC BELTSCRASHWORTHINESS
BELT USE HELMET USETOLERANCE
EVENT
EMS SYSTEMFIRST RESPONDERBYSTANDER CARE
POST-CRASHFUEL LEAKS
FIRE
AGE PHYSICAL CONDITION
POST EVENT
Factors influencing Road Injuries ,The Haddon Matrix
INJURY Causes of Accident
![Page 9: CHP 200: Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568161e8550346895dd21716/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
> 275,000 persons (men, women and children)
6,000 deaths ( 16 per day )- 60% : reckless driving- 34 % : speeding
1/3 of all hospital beds SR 26 billion
The toll: INJURY
KSA Traffic accidents
![Page 10: CHP 200: Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568161e8550346895dd21716/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
In USA 80% blunt, 20% penetrating Motor vehicle, gunshot, falls etc.. Drowning, poisonings 5th leading cause of death (1996) First, age 1 through 44 (1996)
Mechanism, Outcomes INJURY
![Page 11: CHP 200: Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568161e8550346895dd21716/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Disability far exceeds death rate First, age 1- 44 “Years of life lost” (YLL) concept:
Disability, Outcomes INJURY
- Life expectancy for young shortened by death from
injury- Comparable with heart disease and cancer- Young and productive members of society!
![Page 12: CHP 200: Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568161e8550346895dd21716/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Direct Costs• Medical Costs (including worker’s comp)• Indemnity Payments
Indirect Costs• Time Lost (by worker and supervisor)• Schedule delays• Training new employees• Cleanup time / equipment repairs• Legal fees
Cost of Accidents INJURY
![Page 13: CHP 200: Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568161e8550346895dd21716/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Iceberg Effect
Cost of Accidents
On average, the indirect costs of accidents exceed the direct costs by a 4:1 ratio
INJURY
![Page 14: CHP 200: Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568161e8550346895dd21716/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Categories of injury prevention: Primary prevention:
Secondary prevention:
Tertiary prevention:
Eliminate the event
Diminish effect
Improve outcomes
INJURY Injury Prevention
![Page 15: CHP 200: Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568161e8550346895dd21716/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The 4 E’s: Education Enactment/Enforcement Engineering Economic incentives/ penalties
General Principles INJURY
Injury Prevention
![Page 16: CHP 200: Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568161e8550346895dd21716/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Public Health ApproachFive steps:
What is the problem?SurveillanceWhat is the cause?Risk
identification What works?InterventionHow do you do it?Implementati
on Did it work? Outcome measurement
INJURY Injury Prevention
![Page 17: CHP 200: Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568161e8550346895dd21716/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Examples of effective injury prevention:
Highway speed limits
Apartment window guardsSmoke detectorsChild passenger restraint laws
“Cycle” helmet laws
Strategies of injury prevention:
INJURY Injury Prevention
![Page 18: CHP 200: Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568161e8550346895dd21716/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Establish accountability for safety
Define safety responsibilities
Safety Cultures
INJURY Injury Prevention
![Page 19: CHP 200: Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568161e8550346895dd21716/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Establish accountability for safety
Safety Cultures
INJURY Injury Prevention
Employees should be evaluated on their safety Performance: Doing a job correctly includes doing
it safely
![Page 20: CHP 200: Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568161e8550346895dd21716/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Define safety responsibilities Employee responsibilities include Maintaining good housekeeping Recognizing and reporting safety hazards
Using personal protective equipment (PPE)
Safety Cultures
INJURY Injury Prevention
![Page 21: CHP 200: Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568161e8550346895dd21716/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Providing access to information Providing personal protective
equipment Providing training
Safety Cultures
INJURY Injury Prevention
Define safety responsibilities Employer responsibilities include
![Page 22: CHP 200: Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568161e8550346895dd21716/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Equipment / Field ChangesRule Changes / CoachingIndividual Preparation
INJURY Injury Prevention
Preventing Sports Injuries
![Page 23: CHP 200: Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568161e8550346895dd21716/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Equipment Changes to prevent injuries
Add equipment :
Chin protectors
Field/Equipment Changes
Helmets
INJURY Injury Prevention
Preventing Sports Injuries
![Page 24: CHP 200: Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568161e8550346895dd21716/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Avoid : Potholes
grates Anchoring soccer goals
INJURY Injury Prevention
Preventing Sports InjuriesField/Equipment Changes
Field modifications to prevent injuries
![Page 25: CHP 200: Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568161e8550346895dd21716/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Rule changes to adjust for injury patterns
Example = “spearing” in football Officials Must enforce the established rules Coaches
Teach the appropriate techniques
INJURY Injury Prevention
Preventing Sports InjuriesRule
Changes/Coaching
![Page 26: CHP 200: Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568161e8550346895dd21716/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Learn about the game prior to signing up Is this sport appropriate for your child? Does your child wish to participate? Who will be supervising practices/games?
Prior to Participation
INJURY Injury Prevention
Preventing Sports InjuriesIndividual Preparation
![Page 27: CHP 200: Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568161e8550346895dd21716/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Purchase the recommended equipmentPre-participation physical examPreseason conditioning
Prior to Participation
INJURY Injury Prevention
Preventing Sports InjuriesIndividual Preparation
![Page 28: CHP 200: Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568161e8550346895dd21716/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Practice within your limitsStay well-hydratedKnow and follow the rules of the
game
At Participation
INJURY Injury Prevention
Preventing Sports InjuriesIndividual Preparation
![Page 29: CHP 200: Community Health Program-l Mohamed M. B. Alnoor](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568161e8550346895dd21716/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
If injured Seek medical attention prior to
returning to play Adequate rehabilitation is essential
At Participation
INJURY Injury Prevention
Preventing Sports InjuriesIndividual Preparation